• Physical Therapy Korea
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.1-11
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of two shoe size conditions on foot pressure, ground reaction force (GRF), and lower extremity muscle fatigue. Seven healthy men participated. They randomly performed walking and running in two different conditions: proper shoe size and 10 mm greater than proper shoe size. Peak foot pressure, and vertical, anterior and mediolateral force components were recorded with the Parotec system and Kisler force platform. To assess fatigue, the participants performed treadmill running for twenty-five minutes twice, each time wearing a different shoe size. Surface electromyography was used to confirm localized muscle fatigue using power spectral analysis of four muscles (tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius medialis, rectus femoris, and biceps femoris). The results were as follows: 1) In walking conditions, there was a significantly higher peak pressure in the 10 mm greater than proper shoe size insole sensor 1, 2, 14, and 18 (p<.05). 2) In running conditions, there was a significantly higher peak pressure in the 10 mm greater than proper shoe size insole sensor 5, 14, and 15 (p<.05). 3) In walking conditions, there was a significantly higher first maximal vertical GRF in the 10 mm greater than proper shoe size (p<.05). 4) In running conditions, no GRF components were significantly different between each shoe size condition (p>.05). 5) Muscle fatigue indexes of the tibialis anterior and rectus femoris were significantly increased in the 10 mm greater than proper shoe size condition. These results indicate that wearing shoes that are too large could further exacerbate the problems of increased foot pressure, vertical GRF, and muscle fatigue.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.61-71
• /
• 1997

In industrial designing of ready-to-wear shoes, one important factor to consider is that the population has diverse fooot shapes as well as foot length. The general shape of a foot could be represented by "foot ratio", i.e. the ratio of width to length. In this study, we measured several dey aspects of young Korean men's foot, and compared the results with their shoe sizes and general foot shapes. To this end, 172 male subjects were categorized according to their shoe size (small, medium, large) or foot ratio (wide, narrow, intermediate). The statistics of this survey indicated that the people with narrow foot shap have significantly greater foot length compared with the one having wide foot shape. Conversely, subjects having wide foot shape manifested significantly greater foot and ankle girth as well as significantly greater foot breadth. However, different foot shape groups showed no significant differences in heel width, heel ankle girth, instep height, and malleolus height. On the other hand, subjects wearing larger shoe size showed significantly larger foot measurements except instep and ankle heights, whereas subjects with shoe sizes 260 and below measured significantly more narrow heel and lateral metatarsal breadths. The deviation between foot length and dress shoe size(length) was greater in groups with wide foot shape and in groups wearing large shoe sizes. The results of this survey indicated that the subjects with wide foot shape apparently choose a size or two larger shoes for them as a compromise for a better breadth fit.eadth fit.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.30 no.8
• /
• pp.1234-1241
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study was to identify the sizing problems for shoes, and provide improvement information for shoe industries in internet shopping mall. For this, the study was conducted through a survey with 611 young women consumers from late 10s to late 20s. In addition, we investigated the actual conditions of shoe size system from manufacturers and vendors of internet shopping mall. On the survey from consumers, it was revealed that the main reason which makes the consumers hesitate to purchase is the difference between the image or size shown by the monitor and the actual product. Also, the problem was substantiated through status of internet shoe vendors. Moreover, it was found that consumers rarely have the knowledge of the letter sizes for the foot girth at purchasing shoe. To overcome the problems of shoe size system in internet shopping industry, the new sizing system that both consumers and vendors can satisfy is needed immediately.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.71-77
• /
• 2007

Shoe's size and shape are determined by the last that takes shape of foot because last is the mold of shoe in development and manufacturing process. Then adaptation between foot and shoe is dependent on the last. In mass shoe production, model size is developed in the first place, other sized lasts are made through the grading process based on model size. The most important factor in grading system is grading deviation that must be same amount induced from foot measuring database. At present, most of the last manufacturing companies in korea using 260mm as a standard foot model size. When length grading deviation is 5mm, the ball girth grading deviation is 3.7mm and the ball width grading deviation is 1.2mm. I verified existing grading system by comparing grading results with foot measuring data. Also, I proposed reasonable grading deviation and application method of grading system. From the analysis of foot measuring database, reasonable grading deviations are 1.22mm in ball width and 0.84mm in ankle height in case of length grading deviation is 5mm. I confirmed that the current grading system is very accurate. When we grade last from 230mm to 290mm by current grading system based on model size 260mm, there is grading error over 1mm in the front outside area of foot. This error level of 1mm is no problem in normal walking shoe's last, but it induces adaptation problems in sports and special purposed shoe's last. Therefore using of three standard model size is recommended in grading men's last for reducing grading deviation error under the level of 1mm. It is specifically described as 235mm in 225-245mm, 260mm in 250-270mm, 285mm in 275-295mm. According to the above recommended grading system, it is enough to measure only three foot sizes in case of foot measuring project for men's last development.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.63-70
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the customer's requirements for shoe products using the survey method, to analyze customers' needs, and to supply information to make the shoe that they want. For this work, we made 38 survey items for the degree of shoe satisfaction, for foot care and shoe control, for shoe characteristics, and for shoe purchase in future. For the purchase of shoe products in future, customers in their twenties gave the highest score for shoe design among price, design, size, fashion, fitness, color, brand, so forth. However, respondents in their forties selected the degree of fitness instead of shoe design. In the question for the buying price of shoe products in future, all customers wanted shoe products between 30,000 won md 50,000 won.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.47-59
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the customers' requirements for shoe products using the survey method, to analyze customers' needs, and to suggest information to make the shoe that they want. For this work, we made 38 survey items for the degree of shoe satisfaction, for foot care and shoe control, for shoe characteristics, and for shoe purchase in future. For the purchase of shoe products in future, customers in their twenties gave the highest score for shoe design among price, design, size, fashion, fitness, color, brand, so forth. However, respondents in their forties selected the degree of fitness instead of shoe design. In the question for the buying price of shoe products in future, all customers wanted shoe products between 30,000 won and 50,000 won.

• Journal of Fashion Business
• /
• v.6 no.4
• /
• pp.151-162
• /
• 2002

This study aims to reveal the effects of shoe size room on the inner environment of shoes by examining the changes of footskin temperature, temperature and humidity of the shoes, and psychological responses. The following conclusions were made: 1. Skin temperature had significant differences according to shoe sizes in the inner foot parts (right/left) and the outer foot part (left). As time went, skin temperature was distributed as follows: Type A > Type C > Type B. 2. Skin temperature appeared in the following order: instep > inner foot > outer foot. 3. The temperature within the shoes had significant differences: Type A > Type C > Type B. But no significance was recognized in the humidity within the shoes: Type B > Type C > Type A. 4. Some significance was noticed in the psychological responses of size fitness and comfortableness. In size fitness, Type B was responded to be fitting, Type A little small, and Type C rather big. Moisture had similar changes according to three shoe sizes, but humid was the response as time went. Comfortableness appeared in the order of Type C > Type B > Type A.

• Proceedings of the ESK Conference
• /
• 1997.04a
• /
• pp.297-303
• /
• 1997

This study was initiated to investigate suitability of men's dress shoe sizes made for young men. Experiments were performed on 172 men for 19 to 29 years of age. Nine dimensions were measured from the subject's right foot and 11 dimensions were measrued from the outline of the foot. The data were analyzed for six different groups. The subjects were grouped by their dress shoe size or the ratio of the foot width to foot length. The result of the experiments lead to the following conclusions: 1. Foot length, metatarsal width and heel width were significantly different among the small, medium and large dress shoe size groups. 2. No significant differences in front foot angle and the inside metatarsal width were found among the above three groups. 3. The difference between wearing shoe size and the foot length was larger for the subjects with wide foot shape.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.32 no.4C
• /
• pp.149-157
• /
• 2012

In order to investigate the soil disturbance induced by anchor-shoe for PVD installation and the anchoring mechanism, a new two dimensional testing system was developed. By using the developed testing system, 1g and centrifuge model tests were performed, simulating the driving-retrieval process of both conventional symmetric anchor shoe and new asymmetric anchor shoe. Various size anchor-shoes were simulated and the results were compared. The images recorded during the installation were analyzed by image processing technique. The results of the image analysis presented the clay disturbance depending on the size and type of anchor shoe. In addition, from the retrieval process, the anchoring mechanism was revealed and the holding capacity was measured. As results, the size of anchor shoe influences the soil disturbance and holding capacity. The new asymmetric anchor shoe reduces the soil disturbance and improves anchoring performance.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.5-12
• /
• 2000

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to assess the amount of changes in the foot size on weight bearing in adult women, which might help in choosing an appropriate size of the shoes. Materials and Methods: The authors measured the length and width of the feet of 200 healthy women on weight bearing and non-weight bearing, and the size of the shoes they wore. Results: Foot length and width differences between right and left sides were 2.53 mm and 2.16 mm respectively on non-weight bearing, and 2.47 mm and 1.77 mm respectively on weight bearing. Foot length and width increased by 2.89% and 7.50% respectively on weight bearing than those on non-weight bearing. Shoe width was 6.82% longer and 9.54% narrower than the weight bearing foot size. There were 25 women who had shoe-related foot pain, all of them wore shoes that were 13.01 % or more narrower than the weight bearing foot width. Foot pain was significantly correlated with the shoe-foot width difference(p=0.0001). Conclusion: The foot size was increased by 2.89% in length and 7.50% in width with weight bearing. The width of their shoes was narrower. than the weight bearing foot width. Shoe-related foot pain was correlated with the foot-shoe width difference.