• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.143-157
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• 2014

Most metropolitan shippers (MS) have used trans pacific route (TPR) or Asia-Europe route (AEP) through Busan port (BP). If Incheon new port (INP) sets up the deep water-depths under -16m, however, there might be a change in MS's port choice behavior (PCB). In this respect, the aim of this paper is to estimate an INP's allotment rate for metropolitan cargo using Logit Model (LM) considering changing global shipping and port environment. This paper reviews previous studies related to shippers' PCB then sets up the utility function (UF) including the dummied dependent variable which is comprised of BP and INP, and some independent variables such as the frequency of liner shipping route (TPR), inland transportation fare, and the rate of container terminal service. As a result of LM analysis, BP has 0.6618 and INP has 0,3382.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.79-100
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• 2023

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to analyze the market power of the Korea Container Shipping Market (Intra Asia, Korea-Europe, and Korea-U.S.) to verify the existence of collusion empirically, and to answer whether the joint actions of liner market participants in Korea have formed market dominance for each route. Precisely, it will be verified through the Lerner index as to whether the regional market of Asia is a monopoly, oligopoly, or perfect competition. Design/methodology - This study used a Lerner index adjusted with elasticity presented in the New Imperial Organization (NEIO) studies. NEIO refers to a series of empirical studies that estimate parameters to judge market power from industrial data. This study uses B-L empirical models by Bresnahan (1982) and Lau (1982). In addition, NEIO research data statistically contain self-regression and stability problems as price and time series data. A dynamic model following Steen and Salvanes' Error Correction Model was used to solve this problem. Findings - The empirical results are as follows. First, λ, representing market power, is nearly zero in all three markets. Second, the Korean shipping market shows low demand elasticity on average. Nevertheless, the markup is low, a characteristic that is difficult to see in other industries. Third, the Korean shipping market generally remains close to perfect competition from 2014 to 2022, but extreme market power appears in a specific period, such as COVID-19. Fourth, there was no market power in the Intra Asia market from 2008 to 2014. Originality/value - Doubts about perfect competition in the liner market continued, but there were few empirical cases. This paper confirmed that the Korea liner market is a perfect competition market. This paper is the first to implement dynamics using ECM and recursive regression to demonstrate market power in the Korean liner market by dividing the shipping market into Deep Sea and Intra Asia separately. It is also the first to prove the most controversial problems in the current shipping industry numerically and academically.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.113-127
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to analyze the efficiency of 90 domestic passenger shipping routes using the DEA Window model as a Decision Making Unit (DMU). Data from 2015 to 2019 are divided into three windows, and efficiency was analyzed by using the number of passenger ships of sails, gross tonnage and distance traveled as input variables and transportation performance of the general public and islanders as output variables. As a result of the analysis, improvements are derived and presented for routes with low relative efficiency. In particular, the efficiency is evaluated for general routes operated by private operators as profit routes and auxiliary routes supported by the government as non-profit routes. In addition, scale efficiency (SE) is derived by using the technical efficiency (TE) of the CCR model and the pure technical efficiency (PTE) values of the BCC model. It is found that the inefficiency of the route was due to pure technical efficiency (PTE) rather than scale efficiency (SE). It will be necessary to consider the improvements for each route shown in the analysis results of this study when establishing the policy for the domestic passenger shipping route.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2009.07a
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• pp.359_360
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• 2009

KEPCO signed up with LS CABLE as a contractor for HVDC submarine cable construction in February 2009. The desk research has been completed in may 2009. Also, Cable route and the protection method will be selected by November 2009. The tentative cable route between Jindo and Jeju which is consisted of sea farms and shipping route zone will reach almost 105km. The oceanographic survey for the selection of protection method will be carried out and the survey lists are consisted of MBES, SSS, CPT, ADSP. The protection methods such as burial, Concrete Mattress, UP Pipe, Rock Berm will be selected as per each condition of sea area after the oceanographic survey is completed. Kepco has developed variable methods based on the maintenance experience for HVDC submarine cable between HAENAM and JEJU. Based on the such a accumulated know-how, it can be expected for the confidence and stability of the 2nd HVC project to be improved.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.59-64
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• 2014

As global warming continues, the rate of ice melting in polar regions is increasing rapidly. The interest related to north polar route is increasing among not only countries near Arctic ocean but also the other countries, In the past, the classification society rule related to a design and operation of ship operating in polar area has been primarily amended by Russia, Norway and Finland located near Artic area. However recently International Maritime Organization decided to legislate the Polar Code to ensure safety of a ship operating in Arctic and Antarctic Ocean, and it is scheduled to be completed until 2014. The present paper focuses on the survey of the current enactment trends of Polar Code and suggests the confrontational strategy in related organization.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.30 no.8 s.114
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• pp.657-662
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• 2006

This study proposes the introduction of management assessment system on the remote island route passenger companies in a way of stimulating the companies to make sustained efforts on management improvement, and come up with the ways of management assessment index and management assessment methods by using the AHP scheme. These indices are organizes in three categories. The main category is consisted of responsible management part, management an control part, business operation part and customer satisfaction part, and the intermediary category has the 15 items including the efforts for responsible management, and the sub category is consisted of 44 items including the management vision of executive and participation of enterprise in responsible management, and others. The scoring of these indices is the result of scoring by calculating the added weight for each category by using the AHP scheme that it is considered as needed for the scoring adjustment for each standard of assessment index by the adjustment of added weight for categories with the consideration of shipping company operation and shipping characteristics while undertaking the actual affairs.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2006.06b
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• pp.131-136
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• 2006

This study proposes the introduction of management assessment system an the remote island route passenger companies in a way of stimulating the companies to make sustained efforts on management improvement, and come up with the ways of management assessment index and management assessment methods by using the AHP scheme. These indices are organizes in three categories. The main category is consisted of responsible management part, management an control part, business operation part and customer satisfaction part, and the intermediary category has the 15 items including the efforts for responsible management, and the sub category is consisted of 44 items including the management vision of executive and participation of enterprise in responsible management, and others. The scoring of these indices is the result of scoring by calculating the added weight for each category by using the AHP scheme tint it is considered as needed for the scoring adjustment for each standard of assessment index by the adjustment of added weight for categories with the consideration of shipping company operation and shipping characteristics while undertaking the actual affairs.

• Journal of Coastal Disaster Prevention
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.133-137
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• 2017

The Arctic region remains surrounded by sea ice during most of the period of the year. In the Arctic Ocean the Northern Sea Route (NSR) has been used as an important route for shipping. The arctic sea ice is decreasing since 1979; hence needs to be monitored. In this research work sea ice concentration in the recent years and sea ice concentration anomalies of few months with long term sea ice concentration are studied. The climatology of long term ice concentration data from various satellites, and the recent sea ice concentration data from Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) were used. The results show that sea ice concentration and sea ice extent in the Arctic region decreased by around 5% from 2015 to 2016, but in 2017 increased again in smaller amount in some areas like around Novaya Zemlya, and parts of the sea in between Greenland and Longyearbyen, and around Banks Island. The percentages of sea ice area in NSR for July 7 in 2015 to 2017 were 37%, 39% and 33%, respectively, indicating a large area (around ten thousand $km^2$) become ice free in 2017 compared to the previous year.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.303-325
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to determine optimal transportation routes through the comparison of Korean - European transportation routes of automotive parts and to suggest information that can be utilized in Korea - Europe trade activities or trade route selection by establishing multipath. This study analyzed the direct transportation cost, inventory cost, and warehouse inventory cost of the sea and TSR / TCR railroad transport based on characteristics of automotive parts logistics and multimodal transportation. Also, this study identifies the most effective transportation route from the viewpoint of total logistics cost. In addition to the economic factors, we conducted an in-depth analysis through interviews with corporate executives to identify the importance of the factors with the behavioral factors, and the reliability was further secured through interviews. Through this study, it is possible to understand various aspects of international logistics by analyzing the factors of transportation choice in terms of economic and behavioral perspectives concurrently by differentiating from existing research.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.49
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• pp.237-256
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• 2011

A Liner Conference can be defined as "a group of two or more vessel operating carriers which provide international liner services for the carriage of cargo on a particular route or routes within specific geographical limits and which has an agreement or arrangement within the framework of which they operate under uniform or common freight rates and any other agreed conditions with respect to the provisions of the liner services". This study reviews maritime transport policy regarding liner conference and the changes in the liner market over the decades. Liner shipping industry has long been protected from competition by block exemption. The repeal of the block exemption for liner conferences and the abolition of any special EC antitrust regime for the shipping industry marks an important step in European maritime competition policy. This article examines the origins and the rationale of the EC antitrust immunity granted so far th the shipping industry and explains the causes of this historic changes. The abolition of Regulation 4056/86 and of the EU commitment to the UN Code of Conduct marks an historical evolution in international maritime policy, which will have an influence far beyond the EU.