• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.77
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• pp.113-144
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• 2018

This study explores how to prevent the fraudulent export financing and its subsequent export insurance fraud in relation to O/A negotiation. Under the traditional letter of credit(L/C) transactions, the banks, as a negotiation bank, can extend trade financing to the exporters through negotiation of draft and/or shipping documents. Under the O/A transaction scheme, however, bank cannot ascertain existence of trade performance and it is much riskier to extend an advance financing to the exporters before the buyer sends confirmation of debt. In O/A negotiation. some exporters tried to fraud banks by falsifying the shipping documents and the size and gravity of this fraudulent export financing were huge. Therefore, this study examines the banking process in O/A-based trade financing, documents examination process, the negotiation of instruments, treatment of trade financing in export credit guarantee, most importantly, explores what could be the criteria for appropriate treatment of account receivable to insure the safe transfer of account receivable. To maximize the benefit for optimum trade financing, the Bank of Korea established several Trade Finance Rules (refers to "BOK Rules") requiring that commercial banks should maintain optimal credit limits(so called, 'the principle of optimal loan') to extend the trade finance. The K-sure post-shipment credit guarantee programs and short-term export insurance program(EFF)can also facilitate 'the principle of optimal loan' principle.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.36 no.12
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• pp.1209-1215
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• 2012

Experiments with premixed flames in a tube have been conducted to investigate the transition phenomenon from a laminar flat flame to turbulent motions. To induce this phenomenon, a flat flame is formed in a tube. Then, the local velocity at the center of the flat flame surface is increased using $CO_2$ laser irradiation. The deformed flame front propagates with an increase in the total flame surface and oscillating instability. Eventually, the flame front accelerates explosively, and it shows turbulent flame motions with a strong noise. The dynamic behaviors of the flame front prior to the turbulent motions are analyzed in this study to elucidate this process. The physical model of the process is presented according to observations.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.243-249
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• 2010

The competition between ship management companies is fierce as a result of global trend towards increased specialization. In order for ship management companies to remain competitive, it is necessary to understand the local and global factors and the changing circumstances that impact shipping markets and trade patterns. To better understand these factors, a study and analysis of drawing priority of the competitiveness-evaluation factors of ship management companies was conducted using Analytical Hierarchy Process(AHP) as a method dealing with dicision-making problem. As a consequence of this analysis, it was determined that human resources, both shipboard and land management, were a primary factor in ship management company's competitiveness. Thus, the acquisition and retention of capable staff was a key aspect of assuring a ship management company's competitiveness.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.373-378
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• 2017

While on-line shopping markets are growing, consumer's procurement processes are being confused regardless of on or off line market and, smart consumers who want intelligent tailored services have emerged. Depending on the changeable pattern of consumer, most of related companies provide various Omni channel and O2O service. However, reactions of the fashion companies are tend to be late. Recently, the IoT environment has changed to standards-based open platform and it requires a variety of intelligent services depending on the type of environment and objects. This thesis proposes fashion O2O system using smart fitting display that is adaptable to fashion companies. This proposed system provides fitting information which is performed on off-line by users after constructing the database, it also support the works as on-line status, thus, it makes users' procurements to maintain continuously. For the more, customer oriented intelligent fitting service would be expected by the information connection with the shop and delivery systems.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.260-267
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• 2011

Nowadays, automobile manufacturers are faced with increasing global competition which is required low cost as well as high quality. To reduce shipping and handling cost and delivery time, lots of automobile manufactures tried to build their new factory in the neighborhood of market. Simultaneously, many factories are under construction in developing countries to make efficient use of low-wage workers. However, because systems are installed in developing countries as the same type of domestic facilities, systems have lots of problems such as high installation cost and inefficient use of manpower. To find core problems and generate optimal solution of these problems, thinking process of TOC(Theory Of Constrains) is used. In case of transmission gear machining system, semi-auto system is proposed as the best solution to increase manpower efficiency and system utilization. Semi-auto system consists of automatic machining process and manual transporting process. The system layout is generated based on semi-auto process concept. And, 3D simulation method using QUEST is used to verify production volume of generated system.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.39-61
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• 2013

China, a leader of regional economies in North-East Asia, helps to integrate a single shipping market and affects diversely main ports in the region through affecting the flows of container transshipment, strategies of shipping companies for port calling and shipping networks. This study examines competition and cooperation among the hub ports in the region through studying examples of the three Chinese hub ports -Hong Kong, Shanghai, and Tianjin- and concludes some implications of status change of hub ports in the region after scrutinising development process of the Chinese main hub ports and the historic interaction of port development among these ports. The characteristics of growth pattern of three ports are as follows. The port of Hong Kong constructs step by step the container facilities in accordance with demand growth and prefers stabilisation of operation and management through scale enlargement of port facilities. Even though demand grows continually, the port of Shanghai continued its defensive attitude towards facility expansion till the 1990s and has tried to get economies of scale in enlargement of port facilities. The port of Tianjin, similarly as the two other ports, expands serially its facilities and utilizes the capacity concentration and functional specialisation of facilities. The analysis of panel data and panel regression of three hub ports implicates that each port has its own specific demand and shows that the interaction of container handling among three ports was weak in 1980s and has become stricter and stronger since 1990.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.407-416
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• 2013

Acting an important risk management tool for main contractors, pre-qualification has served a key marketing tool for subcontractors in various industries. Current industrial environment has required the time intensive pre-qualification ability to small and medium-size subcontractors as a matter of competitive business. In order to support the subcontractors, this paper proposes a database model for pre-qualification management system (PQMS) that automates the pre-qualification process by using information technologies. The modeling process consists of specifications for its requirements, functional modules, and a database model for the PQMS.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.86-92
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• 2019

IMO has enacted a convention that air pollution due to emissions of ships and sulfur oxides emissions should be significantly reduced by 2020. Based on the current support policies, this work intended to draw up the government support plans required by the shipping companies. Analytic Hierarchy Process analysis was done with factors derived from brainstorming and literature studies. The analysis results showed that the cost factor was generally the most important criterion and the Financial Aid was relatively more important within this cost factor. The policy implications for the regulation of sulfur oxides emissions was provided.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.43-47
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• 2004

We have been using Moisture Barrier Bags for dry packing of semiconductor packages to prevent moisture from absorbing during shipping. Moisture barrier bag material is required to be waterproof, vapor proof and offer superior ESD (Electro-static discharge) and EMI shielding. Also, the bag should be formed easily to the shape of products for vacuum packing while providing excellent puncture resistance and offer very low gas ＆ moisture permeation. There are some problems like pinholes and punctured bags after sealing and before the surface mount process. This failure may easily result in package pop corn crack during board mounting. The bags should be developed to meet the requirements of excellent electrical and physical properties by means of optimization of their raw material composition and their thickness. This study investigates the performance of moisture barrier bags by characterization of their mechanical endurance, tensile strength and through thermal analysis. By this study, we arrived at a robust material composition (polyester/Aluminate) for better packing.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.101-108
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• 2008

This research focuses on the process improvement of port logistics by using Lean methodology. On the one hand, we firstly analyze the current situation and weakness of the processes in port logistics, and then re-design the current processes by the principles of Lean discipline. Based on the appropriately changed processes, the improvement scheme of port logistics will be figured out. On the other hand, we construct the port logistics system by implementing the improved processes. The port logistics' processes accomplished in steel company will be further assorted and identified. The relationship of wharves process, operational process, shipping process, construction process, quality process, and purchasing process are also defined. Every process has been improved by Lean Tools in order to analyze the value added or non-value added processes, to improve the service level, and to reduce the cycle time, inventory, changing time, re-working and waste. Based on above, the appropriate environment that is suitable to Lean process of port logistics will be established and the modeling that can help to implement the improvement scheme will be figured out.