• Management Science and Financial Engineering
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.25-29
• /
• 2015

Recently much research efforts have focused on how to manage carbon emissions in logistics operations. This paper formulates a model to determine an optimal shipment size with aims to minimize the total cost consisting not only of inventory and transportation costs but also cost for carbon emissions. Unlike the literature assuming carbon emission factors as a given condition, we consider the emission factors as decision variables. It is allowed to make an investment in improving carbon emission factors. The optimal investment decision is shown to be of a threshold type with respect to unit investment costs. Moreover, the findings in this work provide insights on the various elements of the investment decision and their impacts.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국농업기계학회 1993년도 Proceedings of International Conference for Agricultural Machinery and Process Engineering
• /
• pp.413-422
• /
• 1993

Air shipment affords the quickest possible delivery of horticultural products. The price of air shipped horticultural products are relatively high as most of these products are perishable. Usually the temperature in the cargo compartment is not controlled during flight. Thus, special attention should be paid to procooling prior to shipment. The environmental condition during transportation of horticultural products is an essential parameter for maintaining the quality of perishable products. Commonly horticultural products were loaded by ULD(Unit Load Devices) as a container or pallet in the aircraft (except for small aircraft) . Therefore, inside temperature of the container and cargo compartment came into question. Scarce literature on the relationship between environmental condition and quality changes of horticultural products during air shipment can be found. By the stand point of keeping fresh quality, investigations on the actual condition of air shipments were carried out to improve the technique during the distribution process of fresh horticultural products. Temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, carbon dioxide, ethylene, impacts, and changes in quality during the air shipment of snapbeans, okras and chrysanthemums were measured. Temperature was measured by recording thermometers, relative humidity by recording hygrometers, atmospheric pressure by a strain -guage type pressure sensor, carbon dioxide by testing tubes, ethylene by sampling bags and a gaschromatograph, impacts and vibrations by impact recorders and a 3D accelerometer. Relationships between environmental conditions and quality changes during air shipments were clarified. It was expected from investigations into actual shipments that the ventilation and insulation properties of air freight containers were related to the quality of agricultural products. Aircraft can no directly load and unload trucks into them. The transshipment is inclined to cause shocks and vibrations, and to invite damages within a short time.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.287-297
• /
• 2006

한우에서 도축 전 혈청 호르몬 및 혈액 성분의 농도 변화가 거세우와 비거세우에서 공통적으로 나타난 현상은 도축 2개월 전에서 수송 직전 사이에 cortisol과 creatinine이 증가하였고 calcium은 감소하였다. 수송 직전에 비해 수송 직후에는 IGF-1 농도가 감소하였으나 수송 직전에 비해 도축 시에는 IP농도가 감소했다. 혈청 호르몬 및 대사 물질들에서 도축 2개월 전, 수송 직전, 수송 직후 및 도축시 혈청들 간의 상관 관계는 도축 2개월 전 농도와 수송 직전 농도간에 정의 상관 관계를 보인 혈청은 거세우에서는 IGF-1, TP, albumin, creatinine, HDLC 및 globulin이며 비거세우에서는 creatinine과 globulin이었고, 도축 2개월 전 혈청과 도축시 혈청 간에 정의 상관관계를 보인 혈청 성분은 거세우에서는 IGF-1, BUN, IP 및 HDLC이었고, 비거세우에서는 creatinine이었다. 그리고 수송 직전 혈청과 도축시 혈청 간에 정의 상관 관계가 있는 혈청 성분은 거세우에서는 testosterone, IGF-1, creatinine, triglyceride, HDLC 및 globulin이었고, 비거세우에서는 TP, creatinine, HDLC 및 globulin으로 나타났다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제20권7호
• /
• pp.555-561
• /
• 2019

본 연구의 목적은 제주도 하우스감귤의 출하구조를 순별, 월별로 구분하여 분석하는 것이다. 이를 위해 제주도 하우스감귤의 가격신축성함수를 추정, 분석함으로써 어떻게 출하조절을 하는 것이 하우스감귤농가의 소득을 안정 증대시킬 수 있는지를 모색하고, 정책적 시사점을 도출하는 것이다. 제주도 하우스감귤의 순별 가격신축성은 시기에 따라 상이하게 나타나고 있는데, 6월 상순에서 7월 하순까지의 하락폭이 큰 것으로 나타나 이 시기의 출하조절의 필요성이 크다. 품질이 떨어지는 해를 나타내는 더미변수인 DUM_Q의 부호는 음(-)이고, 통계적으로 유의미한 결과를 보여주고 있다. 추석이 10월에 들어있는 해를 나타내는 더미변수인 DUM_SUK의 10월 중순부터 하순까지의 부호가 음(-)을 보이고 있다. 하우스감귤의 출하물량 1% 증대에 따른 월별 가격신축성은 상이하게 나타나고 있는데, 6월에서 7월과 9월에서의 하락폭이 큰 것으로 나타나 이 시기의 출하조절의 필요성이 요구된다. 월별 가격신축성함수의 더미변수인 DUM_Q 및 DUM_SUK의 부호는 음(-)이고, 통계적으로 유의미한 결과를 보여주고 있다. 따라서 순별 및 월별 가격신축성함수의 더미변수인 DOM_Q와 DUM_SUK의 부호가 음(-)을 보인다는 것은, 품질이 좋은 해보다 품질이 나쁜 경우에, 그리고 추석이 9월에 있는 경우보다 10월에 있는 경우에 출하조절의 필요성이 더 중요함을 의미한다.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국정밀공학회 2012년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.17-18
• /
• 2012

• 대한산업공학회지
• /
• 제31권4호
• /
• pp.303-315
• /
• 2005

In this paper we address a design problem for hub-and-spoke networks and then consider a capacitated hub locations problem with direct shipment (CHLPwD). We determine the location of hubs, the allocation of nodes to hubs, and direct shipment paths in the network, with the objective of minimizing the total cost in the network. In this paper, CHLPwD is formulated as 0-1 integer programming. We develop an evolutionary algorithm here to solve the large sized CHLPwD. To do this, we present the representation and the genetic operators suitable for the problem and propose a heuristic method for the allocation of nodes to hubs. To enhance the search capability, problem-specific information is used in our evolutionary algorithm. The proposed algorithm is compared with the heuristic method in terms of solution quality and computation time. The experimental results show that our algorithm can provide better solutions than the heuristic.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
• /
• 제11권3호
• /
• pp.288-298
• /
• 2012

Lot sizing and shipment scheduling are two interrelated decisions made by a manufacturing plant and a third-party logistics distribution center. This paper analyzes a dynamic inbound ordering problem and shipment problem with a freight container cost, in which the order size of multiple products and single container type are simultaneously considered. In the problem, each ordered product placed in a period is immediately shipped by some freight containers in the period, and the total freight cost is proportional to the number of containers employed. It is assumed that the load size of each product is equal and backlogging is not allowed. The objective of this study is to simultaneously determine the lot-sizes and the shipment schedule that minimize the total costs, which consist of production cost, inventory holding cost, and freight cost. Because the problem is NP-hard, we propose three meta-heuristic algorithms: a simulated annealing algorithm, a genetic algorithm, and a new population-based evolutionary meta-heuristic called self-evolution algorithm. The performance of the meta-heuristic algorithms is compared with a local search heuristic proposed by the previous paper in terms of the average deviation from the optimal solution in small size problems and the average deviation from the best one among the replications of the meta-heuristic algorithms in large size problems.

• 한국항만경제학회지
• /
• 제32권3호
• /
• pp.83-94
• /
• 2016

본 연구에서는 한국과 총 5개 단일국가(칠레, 싱가포르, 인도, 페루, 미국) 간 FTA 발효가 부산항 벌크물동량에 미치는 영향에 대한 실증분석을 시도하였다. 분석을 위해 대한민국과 FTA가 발효된 5개 국가(효과집단)와 2015년 기준 부산항 벌크물동량 교역 상위 80%의 비중을 차지하는 10개 국가(통제집단)의 횡단면 및 시계열로 구성된 패널자료를 사용하였다. 분석 결과 FTA 발효는 부산항 벌크물동량의 증대에 기여한 것으로 나타났다. FTA 이외의 GDP, 인구 변수는 부산항 벌크물동량과 양(+)의 효과를 보이는 것으로 나타났으며, 거리 변수는 물동량과 음(-)의 효과를 보이는 것으로 분석되었다. 국가별 패널자료는 하우스만 검정 및 LR검정을 통해 확률효과모형이 적합한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국경영과학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 및 정기총회
• /
• pp.7-11
• /
• 2007

This paper considers a shipment planning of products from manufacturers to a third-party warehouse for demands with production time windows where a demand must be replenished in its time window. The underling lot-sizing model also assumes cargo delivery cost in each inbound replenishment to the warehouse. For this model, an optimal O($nT^4$) is presented where n is the number of demands and T is the length of the planning horizon.

• 무역상무연구
• /
• 제43권
• /
• pp.297-336
• /
• 2009

In modern industrial society carriage of dangerous goods by sea becomes more increasing than ever before. Dangerous goods are required for special care and handling in that shipment of dangerous goods could affect safety of the vessel and other cargoes. It is also true that dangerous goods could be used as a means of terrorism. his article investigates allocation of risk and liabilities between parties involved in the carriage of dangerous goods by sea. More specifically, this study examines principles of strict liability of the shipper in shipment of dangerous goods with some limitations based upon recent cases. Furthermore this article investigates the issues on identity of shipper who bears strict liability to the carrier where there exist actual or documentary shipper other than the contractual shipper. Lastly, whether it is reasonable that the transfer of strict liability to the transferee, who does not have opportunity to verify dangerous nature of the goods before shipment, by endorsing bills of lading will be discussed critically.