• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.130-139
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• 2011

Three modes of VIS/NIR spectroscopic measurement (interactance and two modes of transmission) were compared for their ability to estimate soluble solids content (SSC) of 'Shingo' pear non-destructively. The two transmission modes are named as full- and semi-transmission, where full-transmission stands for passing of light through abdomen of pear and semi-transmission is for transit of light mainly through flesh of pear. For comparison of the modes, prediction models developed from the collected spectroscopic data by the three modes were developed and tested for comparison of their performance. Partial least square regression (PSLR) was used to develop the models and various pre-processing methods were applied to develop models of high accuracy. The experiment was repeated three times with pears produced in different regions. The experiments resulted that selection of pre-processing is very important to attain accurate models, and multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) was selected as a pre-processor of high accuracy for the three modes of spectroscopic measurement in every experiment. Except for MSC, different group of pre-processing methods were selected for the three modes of measurement in every experiment without any tendency to the tested modes of measurement and pears of different produced region. Root-mean-square error of prediction (RMSEP) of prediction models of the three modes of measurement using prepreocessor of MSC were compared for their ability to estimate SSC. The models resulted in ranges of $0.37{\sim}0.57^{\circ}Brix$, $0.65{\sim}0.72^{\circ}Brix$, $0.39{\sim}0.51^{\circ}Brix$ for interactance, full- and semi-transmission, respectively. As shown, modes of semi-transmission and interactance resulted about the same level of prediction accuracy and were noted as modes of high performance to predict SSC.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.130-136
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• 1986

'Shingo' pears were seal-packaged in polyethylene (PE) film with different thickness of 0.04. 0.06, 0.07, and 0.08mm and stored for five months in an experimental storehouse with the temperature varyine 0 to $7^{\circ}C$ and relative humidity varying 86 to 89%. The atmosphere in PE film bags was modified to 5-l4% oxygen with 3-5% carbon dioxide depending on the film thickness and the storage period. Packaging of pears with PE film effectively reduced the weight loss, which resulted in good appearance after 5 months' storage, while non-packaged pears showed a slight wilt. Decay occurrence was not significantly different among the treatments. but role browning occurred a little more in packaged lots than in non-packaged lot. The sensory panel rated the pears front 0.07mm-thick bag highest in flavor, texture, and juiciness, which might be due to the high sugar content and low titratable acidity. The firmness of pear flesh decreased with the stogare time and its change was found to be highly correlated with that of cellulase activity (correlation coefficient= -0.946). Thisresult indicated that cellulase might be one of the enzymes responsible for the softening of pear fruit during storage.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.396-400
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• 1985

For investigation of the optimum gas composition for CA storage of Shingo pear, the pears were kept at 8 different $O_2/CO_2$ concentrations for 5 months and checked in some indices related in storability and sensory quality after storage and transfer to air at $20^{\circ}C$ for 1 week. The pears kept in all the CA storage conditions in this experiment, especially in $3%\;O_2-3%,\;CO_2$, were lower in weight loss than the pears kept in cold room. Immediately after storage decay rates of the pears stored at CA storage conditions except $3%\;O_2-3%,\;CO_2$ and $3%\;O_2-4%,\;CO_2$ were more serious than that of the pears stored at cold room, and the rates of the pears, especially stored at cold room, were rapidly increased by exposure to $20^{\circ}C$ after storage. The highest soluble solid content and firmess were shown in the pears stored at the CA storage condition of $3%\;O_2-3%,\;CO_2$, and the pears stored at the conditions of $3%\;O_2$ and $4%{\sim}5%\;CO_2$ had the highest acidity. In sensory evaluation the pears kept at the conditions of $3%O_2-3%$, 4% and 5% $CO_2$ maintained a good quality after storage and after storage and transfer to air at $20^{\circ}C$ for 1 week.

• Transactions on Control, Automation and Systems Engineering
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.49-55
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• 2002

A decrease in the birthrate and aging are progressing in Japan and several countries. In that society, it is important that physically weak persons such as elderly persons are able to take care of themselves. We have been developing exoskeletal robots for human (especially for physically weak persons) motion support. In this study, the controller controls the angular position and impedance of the exoskeltal robot system using multiple fuzzy-neuro controllers based on biological signals that reflect the human subject's intention. Skin surface electromyogram (EMG) signals and the generated wrist force by the human subject during the elbow motion have been used as input information of the controller. Since the activation level of working muscles tends to vary in accordance with the flexion angle of elbow, multiple fuzzy-neuro controllers are applied in the proposed method. The multiple fuzzy-neuro controllers are moderately switched in accordance with the elbow flexion angle. Because of the adaptation ability of the fuzzy-neuro controllers, the exoskeletal robot is flexible enough to deal with biological signal such as EMG. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed controller.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.326-328
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• 2002

In many plant cells, the positions of chloroplasts change in response to changes in light conditions. In the epidermal cells of the aquatic angiosperm Vallisneria gigantea, the avoidance response of chloroplasts is induced specifically by irradiation with blue light of high intensity. Possible roles of actin cytoskeleton in the blue-light-induced avoidance response of chloroplasts were investigated by partial irradiation and phalloidin staining. We showed that the blue-light-dependent redistribution of chloroplasts was induced only in the limited area, where exposed to blue light, even in individual cells. In addition. in the exposed area, the configuration of actin filaments strikingly changed compared with that before the irradiation. Short and thick bundles of actin filaments surrounding the chloroplasts changed to much longer and thinner bundles with a more stretched array. In contrast, in the unexposed area, neither the distribution of chloroplasts nor the configuration of actin filaments exhibited any changes. Cytochalasin D and latrunculin B inhibited the avoidance response of chloroplasts concomitantly with the fragmentation of actin filaments. These results indicate that the reorganization of actin filaments plays a crucial role in the induction of avoidance response of chloroplasts.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.412-414
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• 2002

Several peroxovanadium(V) complexes with an organic chelate ligand decompose spontaneously, depending on the nature of the chelate ligand. The self-decomposition reactions of the dinuclear peroxovanadium(V) complex with 2-oxo-l,3-diaminopropane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetate (dpot) and the peroxovanadium(V) complexes with N-carboxymethylhistidinate (cmhist) and histamine-N,N-diacetate (histada) accompany the reduction of vanadium(V) to vanadium(IV). This implies that the peroxide anion acts as a reducing agent and thus the peroxide is oxidized in the decomposition process of the peroxovanadium(V) complexes. The oxidized dioxygen species have been characterized spectrophotometrically. Superoxide anion has been detected in 2-3 % yields using the reduction of cytochrome c method and chemiluminescence method utilized MCLA as a fluorescer. Singlet oxygen has also been detected in higher yields on the basis of chemiluminescence of tryptophan.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.123-129
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• 2014

Ant communities are well suited for monitoring changes in ecosystems. Although numerous studies have examined the responses of ant communities to environmental disturbance, relatively few long-term studies on ant communities have been undertaken in urban environments. We examined species richness in nine urban parks in Hiroshima, Japan, and compared the survey results with data collected at the same sites by using the same methods in 1999. In both surveys, total of 25 species was recorded: 23 species in 1999 and 20 species in 2012. Non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis revealed that the ant communities consisted of two distinct groups, which could in turn be characterized by three patterns of ant community changes in between the two groups. The first of these community change patterns was characterized by a shift within group 1, but the number of species remained constant (approx. 10 species). The second pattern was characterized by a shift within group 2, but the number of species remained low (approx. 4 species). The third pattern was characterized by a shift from group 1 to group 2 as the abundance of Linepithema humile (Mayr) increased over time. Unlike the first and second patterns, the number of ant species in communities of the third type decreased significantly. These findings suggest that L. humile has a marked effect on the species diversity of indigenous ant communities in urban environments.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.144-154
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• 2012

This article reports the orthodontic treatment of a patient with skeletal mandibular retrusion and an anterior open bite due to temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ-OA) using miniscrew anchorage. A 46-year-old woman had a Class II malocclusion with a retropositioned mandible. Her overjet and overbite were 7.0 mm and -1.6 mm, respectively. She had limited mouth opening, TMJ sounds, and pain. Condylar resorption was observed in both TMJs. Her TMJ pain was reduced by splint therapy, and then orthodontic treatment was initiated. Titanium miniscrews were placed at the posterior maxilla to intrude the molars. After 2 years and 7 months of orthodontic treatment, an acceptable occlusion was achieved without any recurrence of TMJ symptoms. The retropositioned mandible was considerably improved, and the lips showed less tension upon lip closure. The maxillary molars were intruded by 1.5 mm, and the mandible was subsequently rotated counterclockwise. Magnetic resonance imaging of both condyles after treatment showed avascular necrosis-like structures. During a 2-year retention period, an acceptable occlusion was maintained without recurrence of the open bite. In conclusion, correction of open bite and clockwise-rotated mandible through molar intrusion using titanium miniscrews is effective for the management of TMJ-OA with jaw deformity.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2002.07b
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• pp.955-958
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• 2002

A workflow is a flow of work supported by computers. An instance of a workflow is called case. Companies need to constantly refine their current workflows in order to meet various requirements. The change of current workflows is called dynamic change of the workflow. Since Ellis et al. proposed three change types, Flush, Abort, and Synthetic Cut-Over in 1995, various change types have been proposed. A promising change type is Migrate proposed by Sadiq et al., because Migrate changes workflow definitions immediately and makes the redo of cases minimum. However, the formal modeling and time-dependent analysis of Migrate has not been done. This paper proposes a method of computing change time of Migrate dynamic changes for time-dependent analysis. Change time is a measure for evaluating dynamic changes. We first show a Petri-nets-based model of Migrate dynamic changes. Then we present a method of computing change time based on the net model. Finally, we apply the method to 270 examples, and show experimental results, and comparison with Ellis et al..'s three change types.

• International Journal of CAD/CAM
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• v.3 no.1_2
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• pp.97-109
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• 2003

A large scale polygon models are often used to approximately represent 3D CAD models in Digital Engineering environment such as DMU (Digital Mockups) and network based collaborative design. However, they are not suitable for distribution on the network and for interactive rendering. We introduce a new coding system based on subdivision schemes called S-CODE system. In this system, it is possible to highly compress the model with sufficient accuracy and to view the model efficiently in a level of detail (LOD) fashion. The method is based on subdivision surface fitting by which a subdivision surface and curves which approximate a face of a CAD model are generated. We also apply a subdivision method to analytic surfaces such as conical and cylindrical surfaces. A prototype system is developed and used for evaluation with reasonably complicated data. The results show that the method is useful as a CAD data coding system.