• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.250-254
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• 1998

A variation of free sugar and amino acid contents of pears during the ripening period was determined by HPLC and amino acid analyzer. The research results are as follws: Fructose, glucose and sucrose were present in the pears. The contents of fructose was the highest, followed by glucose and sucrose in order. The contents of total sugar in Shingo and Youngsan was similar, but the contents of frucose in Shingo was lower and the contents of sucrose was higher than that of Youngsan (p＜.001). During the ripening period, the contents of fructose and glucose gradually increased during the harvesting season and then somewhat decreased. The contents of sucrose increased continually, while the contents of total free sugar reached the maximum during the harvesting season, it was 10.41%, 10.29% in Shingo and Youngsan and then decreased gradually. The contents of total free amino acid in Shingo was higher than that of Youngsan. A variation ratio and the composition of amino acid in Shingo and Youngsan during the ripening period didn＇t make a significant difference. The major free amino acid of the pears was in the order of aspartic acid, serine, threonine, histidine, glutamic acid, valine, arginine, and alanine. During the ripening period, aspartic acid, threonin, serine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, histidine, and Iysine increased gradually. Glutamic acid, alanine, valine, arginine didn＇t show much change. The contents of total free amino acid increased during the ripening period.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.789-797
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• 2018

This study investigated the activity of crude enzymes obtained from Pyrus pyrifolia cv. Shingo on milk proteins. In the milk processing industry, there is an increasing interest in the addition of functional materials to dairy products or functional peptides isolated from milk proteins. First, Pyrus pyrifolia cv. Shingo was separated into core, flesh, and peel regions, and crude enzymes were obtained from the individual regions. The activity of the obtained crude enzymes was measured using casein and gelatin agar. The crude enzyme obtained from the flesh of Pyrus pyrifolia cv. Shingo decomposed gelatin, but the activity of the crude enzymes obtained from the peel and core regions was insignificant. On the other hand, the crude enzymes obtained from the flesh and core regions of Pyrus pyrifolia cv. Shingo had a remarkable enzymatic activity in casein agar. However, the activity of the crude enzyme obtained from the peel region was insignificant. In addition, the crude enzymes obtained from the individual regions were mixed with casein to induce reactions, and the degradation patterns were investigated through electrophoresis and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). According to the results, the crude enzymes from Pyrus pyrifolia cv. Shingo degraded milk proteins. Thus, the results of this study can be used in studies on functionality. Additionally, it is expected that the use of pear peels and cores in the milk processing industry would greatly contribute to the reduction of food waste.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.162-168
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• 2003

신고 배의 객관적이고 합리적인 품질등급화를 위해 주요산지인 나주, 상주, 안성, 울산, 아산에서 생산되는 신고 배를 3년에 걸쳐 수집하여 그 품질특성을 조사하였다. 신고배의 품질 특성 분석인자로는 외관 품질로서 녹색도(100-황색도), 균일도, 물리적 요인 및 병충해에 의한 흠을 조사하였고 크기 기준에 의한 품질로는 종$.$횡의 크기와 중량을 조사하였으며 내부 품질로는 당도, 경도, pH 및 적정산도를 조사하였다. 신고 배의 녹색도는 3년 평균 25.27% 이었고, 년도별로 17.72-36.57% 범위로 큰 차이를 보였는데, 동일한 생산 년도에서도 큰 편차를 보였다. 종과 횡의 크기는 각각평균 94.95mm와 105.61mm 이었으며, 중량은 평균 566.13g이고 편차는 114.57g으로 개체간의 중량의 차이가 심하였다. 신고 배의 물리적 요인 및 병충해에 의한 흠의 정도는 각각평균 1.23점과 1.03점으로 외관상 물리적 요인에 의한 손상정도가 다소 컸다. 당도는 3년 평균치가 12.22$^{\circ}$Brix, 편차는1.44$^{\circ}$Brix 이었고 최고치는 18.40$^{\circ}$Brix, 최저치는 7.70$^{\circ}$Brix이었다. 경도는 3년 평균값이 0.96kgf 이었다. 신고 배의 3년 평균 pH는 5.23이었고, 적정산도는 0.10%이었으며 생산 년도별로 적은 차이를 보였다. 산지별로는 지역I의 녹색도가 32.15%로 가장 심하였고 지역B가 17.23%로 가장 약했다. 종의 크기는 지역C가 96.60mm로 가장 크고 지역D가 90.86mm로 가장 작았다. 횡의 크기와 중량은 양의 상관관계를 보여 지역E가 108.86mm, 602.78g으로 최고치를 나타냈고 지역D가 02.07mm 512.57g으로 최저치를 나타냈다. 물리적 흠과 병충해에 의한 손상정도는 산지별로 차이가 있었으나 그 정도는 매우 미미하였다. 당도는 지역E가 12.94$^{\circ}$Brix로 가장 단맛이 강했고 지역A가 11.67$^{\circ}$Brix로 가장 약했다. 경도는 지역A가 1.03kgf으로 가장 단단했다. pH는 지역A가 5.37로 가장 높았고 적정산도 는 지역C가 0.11%로 최고치를 나타냈다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.890-896
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• 2018

The aim of this study was to determine volatile flavor compounds in Shingo pear juice. Volatile flavor compounds were analyzed using solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME) - gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The effect of inorganic salts solution on the extraction ability of the SPME fiber was treated by adding saturated $CaCl_2$ solution at the ratio of 1:20 (v/v) after 0, 60, 120 min of preparing pear juice, respectively. As a result, a total of 22 volatile compounds were identified in Shingo pear juice. Ethyl acetate was found to be the most abundant volatile compound ($13.36{\sim}19.61{\mu}g/kg$), followed in order by hexanal, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl 3-(methylthio)-2-propenoate, ethyl octanoate and 2-hexenal. Total contents of volatile flavor compounds were $31.07{\mu}g/kg$ (control), $40.93{\mu}g/kg$ (0 min), $27.62{\mu}g/kg$ (60 min) and $26.32{\mu}g/kg$ (120 min). This result indicated that the addition of saline solutions could inhibit the enzymatic reaction of volatile flavor compounds effectively when treated as soon as juice preparation.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.324-329
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• 2012

당침액 농도와 건조 방법을 달리하여 제조한 신고배(var. Shingo, Niitaka pear) 스낵의 특성과 제조 조건에 관하여 연구하였다. 배의 껍질과 핵을 제거하고 5 mm와 7 mm으로 절단한 후 설탕물(0%, 3%, 5%, 7%, 10%)에서 데치기를 실시하였다. 제조한 시료를 $-40^{\circ}C$에서 1일 보관 후, 24시간 냉동건조하여 밀봉보관하여 배 스낵을 제조하였다. 배 스낵의 경도는 블랜칭 조건에 의해서는 큰 차이를 보이지 않았지만, 과육의 두께차에 의하여 5 mm 절단한 스낵이 7 mm 절단한 스낵보다 다소 증가하였다. pH와 총 산도는 생과의 경우 5.37이었으나, 스낵 제조시 pH 5.0 이하로 나타났으며, 이는 데치기할 때 사용되는 당 용액 농도나 두께에 큰 영향을 받지 않는 것으로 여겨진다. 총 페놀 성분은 생과육은 3.7 mg%이었으나, 건조과정 중 수분이 용출되어 스낵은 15 mg% 이상으로 나타났다. 제조한 배 스낵의 관능검사를 한 결과, 5 mm인 경우에는 데치기 액의 설탕농도가 7%인 경우가 색상, 조직감, 전체적인 기호도에서 관능검사치가 높게 나타났으나, 7 mm인 경우에는 3%와 5%인 경우가 높은 기호도를 나타내었다.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 10th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.1296-1296
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• 2024

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.1006-1011
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• 1998

신고, 만삼길, 추황배의 휘발성 향기성분을 LLEP 방법으로 추출하였고 GC의 RI와 GC/MS 분석에 의하여 동정하였다. 신고, 만삼길, 추황배에서 52종, 47종, 22종의 화합물이 분리동정되었고, 신고의 향기성분으로 alcohol류 20종, ester류 16종, hydrocarbon류 7종, acid류 6종, aldehyde류 2종, ketone류 1종이 확인되었다. 이 중에서 ethyl acetate, ethyl butanoate, hexanal, 1-hexanol, ethyl-3-hydroxy butanoate, ethyl-3-hydroxy nonanoate가 신고의 주요 향기성분으로 여겨졌다. 만삼길에서 분리동정 된 향기성분으로 alcohol류 23종, acid류 8종, ester류 5종, hydrocarbon류 5종, aldehyde류 4종, ketone류 2종이 동정되었다. 이 중에서 ethyl acetate, hexanal, ethyl-2-hydroxy propanoate, methyl eugenol, 2-pentanol, cis-3-hexenol, propyl acetate가 만삼길의 향기에 기여하는 것으로 여겨졌다. 추황배에서 분리동정 된 향기성분으로 ester류 6종, alcohol류 6종, acid류 6종, aldehyde류 3종, hydrocarbon류가 1종이 동정되었다. 이 중에서 ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, hexanal, 1-dodecanol, ethyl butanaote가 추황배의 주요 향기성분으로 간주되었다. 신고, 만삼길, 추황배에서 추출된 휘발성 향기성분의 함량은 각각 6.972, 2.776, 2.653 mg/kg을 차지하였다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.117-124
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• 2002

This research was conducted to develop a method to remove the effect of surface temperature of Shingo pears for sugar content measurement. Sugar content was measured by a near-infrared spectrum analysis technique. Reflected spectrum and sugar content of a pear were used for developing regression models. For the model development, reflected spectrums having wavelengths in the range of 654 to 1,052nm were used. To remove the effect of surface temperature, special sample preparation techniques and partial least square (PLS) regression models were proposed and tested. 71 Shingo pears stored in a cold storage, which had 2$^{\circ}C$ inside temperature, were taken out and left in a room temperature for a while. Temperature and reflected spectrum of each pear was measured. To increase the temperature distribution of samples, temperature and reflected spectrum of each pear was measured four times with one hour twenty minutes interval. During the experiment, temperature of pears increased up to 17 $^{\circ}C$. The total number of measured spectrum was 284. Three groups of spectrum data were formed according to temperature distribution. First group had surface temperature of 14$^{\circ}C$ and total number of 51. Second group consisted of the first and the fourth experiment data which contained the minimum and the maximum temperatures. Third group consisted of 155 data with normal temperature-distribution. The rest data set were used for model evaluation. Results shelved that PLS model I, which was developed by using the first data group, was inadequate for measuring sugar content of pears which had different surface temperatures from 14$^{\circ}C$. After temperature compensation, sugar content predictions became close to the measured values. Since using many data which had wide range of surface temperatures, PLS model II and III were able to predict sugar content of pears without additional temperature compensation. PLS model IV, which included the surface temperatures as an independent variable. showed slightly improved performance(R$^2$=0.73). Performance of the model could be enhanced by using samples with more wide range of temperatures and sugar contents.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.39-43
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• 2012

Via-filling plating and through-hole plating are absolutely imperative for manufacturing of printed-wiring board. This Paper is introducing the latest developments of our company worked on the high-performance of acid copper plating additives for them.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.389-392
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• 2003