• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 2010

We investigated the seasonality of Anopheles mosquitoes, including its species composition, density, parity, and population densities of mosquitoes infected with the parasite in Ganghwa-do (Island), a vivax malaria endemic area in the Republic of Korea. Mosquitoes were collected periodically with a dry-ice-tent trap and a blacklight trap during the mosquito season (April-October) in 2008. Anopheles sinensis (94.9%) was the most abundant species collected, followed by Anopheles belenrae (3.8%), Anopheles pullus (1.2%), and Anopheles lesteri (0.1%). Hibernating Anopheles mosquitoes were also collected from December 2007 to March 2008. An. pullus (72.1%) was the most frequently collected, followed by An. sinensis (18.4%) and An. belenrae (9.5%). The composition of Anopheles species differed between the mosquito season and hibernation seasons. The parous rate fluctuated from 0% to 92.9%, and the highest rate was recorded on 10 September 2008. Sporozoite infections were detected by PCR in the head and thorax of female Anopheles mosquitoes. The annual sporozoite rate of mosquitoes was 0.11% (2 of 1,845 mosquitoes). The 2 mosquitoes that tested positive for sporozoites were An. sinensis. Malarial infections in anopheline mosquitoes from a population pool were also tried irrespective of the mosquito species. Nine of 2,331 pools of Anopheles mosquitoes were positive. From our study, it can be concluded that An. sinensis, which was the predominant vector species and confirmed as sporozoite-infected, plays an important role in malaria transmission in Ganghwa-do.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.26 no.2 s.52
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• pp.152-158
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• 2004

Among short-term in vitro genotoxicity assays, micronucleus assays are rapid, inexpensive, and less labor-intensive system. We have undertaken a comparative study of sensitivity of cigarette smoke condensate(CSC) by general micronucleus(MN) assay and cytokinesis-block micronucleus(CBMN) assay. In this study, V79 Chinese hamster cells were employed to evaluate and compare the genotoxicity of CSC of Kentucky Reference Cigarette 2R4F by 2 kinds of in vitro MN assay methods. To determine the optimum concentration of cytochalasin B(CYB) to obtain the maximal number of binucleated cells for CBMN assay, triplicate cultures of growing cells were treated with CYB for 15 h. CYB treatments caused a concentration-dependent increase in cytotoxicity($1\~4{\mu}g/mL$) and proportion($0.25\~1\;{\mu}g/mL$) of binucleated cells. These data suggested that 1 ug/mL of CYB is as an optimum dose for CBMN assay in binucleated V79 cells. Short treatment(4 h) of CSC induced a micronucleated cells with a concentration-dependent response in the presence or absence of CYB, but CSC-induced MNs were weakened when S9 was present. Long treatments(19 h) of CSC also induced a significant increase MN formation with a concentration-dependent response. At a concentration of 75 ${mu}g/mL$, the MN cell frequencies of general MN assay and CBMN assay were $6.5\%\;and\;11.7\%$, respectively. Linear regression analysis revealed a good correlation in CBMN assay between a concentration of CSC and MN cell frequency. All these data indicated that CBMN assay is more sensitive to the induction CSC-induced MN than general MN assay.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.41-68
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• 2006

Today, Manufacturing companies execute the logistics outsourcing that commits the non-core logistic function to the specialized logistics corporation, which makes the manufacturing company focus on its core competence, product development and marketing, reduces logistics cost and improves customer service level. Recently, Logistics outsourcing is developed into cooperative sourcing based on the partnership. Case study on the logistics outsourcing will provide the good guideline for planning of the outsourcing strategy. The objective of this research is making a sense about 4PL through the case of UPS-Samsung Electro-Mechanics and catching major issue to provide the guideline for the cooperation outsourcing strategy. We investigated historical backgrounds of the logistics outsourcing between UPS and Samsung Electro-Mechanics. We also investigated problems occurred in outsourcing process at the five dimensions-organizational problem, CEO's short-term views, cultural gap between two companies, integration of IT system, and different understanding about outcomes. We expect to give many implications to manufacturing companies which want to cooperate with specialized logistics corporation.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.197-204
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• 2011

To investigate the effects of Cordyceps ochraceostromat, silkworm cocoon and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) addition on the quality of cremi during storage, this study was conducted. Cremis were prepared using a 20% spent layer breast recovered protein to replace Alaska pollack with the addition of 0.1% silkworm cocoon powder (T1), 0.05% silkworm cocoon powder + 0.05% Cordyceps ochraceostromat powder (T2), and 0.05% silkworm cocoon powder + 0.05% CLA. All manufactured cremis were vacuum-packaged, stored at $10{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ and finally evaluated for their quality on 0, 2, 4 and 6 weeks of storage. The pH, whiteness, gel strength and breaking force of cremis from T2 were higher than those of samples derived from either T1 or T3. However, cremis from T2 showed low shear force values when compared to other cremis (p<0.05). Therefore, the results indicate that cremis contained 0.05% silkworm cocoon powder and 0.05% Cordyceps ochraceostromat combination (T2) may be recommendable to induce customers to buy, thereby, it may be beneficial to both manufacturers and consumers in market.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.305-309
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• 2006

This study was carried out to examine the anesthesia and recovery time of the male and gravid female of marine benthic copepod Tigriopus japonicus at 500, 750, 1,000 ppm of MS-222. We also investigated the survival (%) and the nauplii production of T. japonicus for 14 days, which was anesthetized with MS-222. As the concentration of MS-222 was higher, the anesthesia time of the copepod was shorter and the recovery time was longer. The survival (%) of male T. japonicus was significantly higher than that of the gravid female both in anesthetized and control group. But the survival (%) of the male treated with MS-222 did not show the different survival (%) with the control (0 ppm). In contrast, the survival (%) of the gravid female treated with 750 and 1,000 ppm was significantly lower than that of 500 ppm and control. With regard to hatching, as the concentrations was higher, the number of hatching and total nauplii were lower and interval of hatching was longer. However, the gravid female treated with 500 ppm did not show the significant difference with control. We suggest that 500 ppm of MS-222 is the suitable concentration in isolation of T. japonicus.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.516-527
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• 2009

We assessed fish fauna and habitat suitability indexes in the Geum river basin. Field monitoring was conducted for ecological and habitat condition assessment at 23 sites from October 2007 to March 2009. The habitat suitability indexes established for dominant fish species using the monitoring data were employed to assess riverine health conditions such as composition ratio of fish species, richness and dominance indexes, bio-diversity(dominance index, diversity, evenness and richness), and water depth, velocity and substrate size. Twenty-one species(42%) including Rhodeus uyekii and Pseudopungtungia nigra were found endemic out of the 50 species in 11 families sampled during this study period. The most frequently found one was Zacco platypus(34.3%) followed by Z. koreanus(10.2%) and Coreoleuciscus splendidus(8.4%). For Z. platypus, the dominant fish species in the basin, the favored habitat conditions were estimated to be 0.1~0.9 m for water depth, 0~0.9m/s for flow velocity and silt(<0.1mm)~cobbles(100.0~300.0mm) for substrate size, respectively. Overall, it was concluded that the Geum river basin has been relatively well protected from the anthropogenic disturbance for the legally protected species including the endemic species studied in this study.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.59 no.6
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• pp.551-558
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• 2016

Malignant glioma cells invading surrounding normal brain are inoperable and resistant to radio- and chemotherapy, and eventually lead to tumor regrowth. Identification of genes related to motility is important for understanding the molecular biological behavior of invasive gliomas. According to our previous studies, Metallothionein 1E (MT1E) was identified to enhance migration of human malignant glioma cells. The purpose of this study was to confirm that MT1E could modulate glioma invasion in vivo. Firstly we established 2 cell lines; MTS23, overexpressed by MT1E complementary DNA construct and pV12 as control. The expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2, -9 and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 were increased in MTS23 compared with pV12. Furthermore it was confirmed that MT1E could modulate MMPs secretion and translocation of NFkB p50 and B-cell lymphoma-3 through small interfering ribonucleic acid knocked U87MG cells. Then MTS23 and pV12 were injected into intracranial region of 5 week old male nude mouse. After 4 weeks, for brain tissues of these two groups, histological analysis, and immunohistochemical stain of MMP-2, 9 and Nestin were performed. As results, the group injected with MTS23 showed irregular margin and tumor cells infiltrating the surrounding normal brain, while that of pV12 (control) had round and clear margin. And regrowth of tumor cells in MTS23 group was observed in another site apart from tumor cell inoculation. MT1E could enhance tumor proliferation and invasion of malignant glioma through regulation of activation and expression of MMPs.

• Journal of KIISE
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• v.44 no.10
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• pp.1112-1123
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• 2017

As content providers further offload content-centric services to the cloud, data retrieval over the cloud typically results in many redundant items because there is a prevalent near-duplication of content on the Internet. Simply fetching all data from the cloud severely degrades efficiency in terms of resource utilization and bandwidth, and data can be encrypted by multiple content providers under different keys to preserve privacy. Thus, locating near-duplicate data in a privacy-preserving way is highly dependent on the ability to deduplicate redundant search results and returns best matches without decrypting data. To this end, we propose an efficient near-duplicate detection scheme for encrypted data in the cloud. Our scheme has the following benefits. First, a single query is enough to locate near-duplicate data even if they are encrypted under different keys of multiple content providers. Second, storage, computation and communication costs are alleviated compared to existing schemes, while achieving the same level of search accuracy. Third, scalability is significantly improved as a result of a novel and efficient two-round detection to locate near-duplicate candidates over large quantities of data in the cloud. An experimental analysis with real-world data demonstrates the applicability of the proposed scheme to a practical cloud system. Last, the proposed scheme is an average of 70.6% faster than an existing scheme.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.415-421
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• 2015

This paper describes the study of the design procedure for the step-by-step setup parameters and of the magnetizing method for performance and size reduction in the development of a haptic vibrator. The study of magnetization was accomplished by comparing the electromagnetic force in accordance with the horizontal and the vertical magnetization. The theoretical results indicated that the horizontal magnetization resulted in a better performance. The systematic design of a step-by-step procedure for establishing the design parameters was verified by testing the characteristics of the fabricated prototype product. The vibration response function analysis and electric field analysis were processed by decoupling of the analytical method, and these were determined to be in good agreement with the test results. The design parameters to contributing to the product reliability included the spring height, the welding position, and the coil position. The sensitivity of the electromagnetic field and the performance change were analyzed based on the design parameters. As a result, we proposed a design method to implement a reliability-based, high performance haptic vibrator.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.33 no.7
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• pp.485-491
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• 2011

This study was performed to investigate the characteristics of nutrient removal of municipal wastewater in membrane bioreactor system. Membrane bioreactor consists of four reactors such as two intermittently anaerobic tanks, the oxic tank and the sludge solubilizaion tank with an internal recycle. The hydraulic retention time (HRT) and flux were 6.5 hours and $20.4L/m^2{\cdot}hr$ (LMH), respectively. The removal efficiency of $COD_{Cr}$, SS, TN and TP were 94.0%, 99.3%, 99.9%, 69.9%, and 66.9%, respectively. The estimated true biomass yield, specific denitrification rate (SDNR), specific nitrification rate (SNR), specific phosphorus release rate (SPRR) and specific phosphorus uptake rate (SPUR) were 0.34 kgVSS/kgBOD d, $0.067mgNO_3-N/mgVSS{\cdot}d$, $0.028mgNH_4-N/mgVSS{\cdot}d$, 16.0 mgP/gVSS d and 2.1 mgP/gVSS d, respectively. The contents of nitrogen and phosphorus of biomass were 8.9% and 3.5% on an average.