• 한국간담췌외과학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.70-75
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• 2023

Backgrounds/Aims: Locally advanced gallbladder cancer (GBC) is associated with survival limited to a few months. Extended resections (ER) are occasionally performed in this group and outcomes remain inconclusive. This study assessed outcomes after ER for locally advanced GBC. Methods: Patients who underwent ER for GBC between 2011 and 2020 were reviewed. ER was defined as a major hepatectomy alone (n = 9), a pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) with or without minor hepatectomy (n = 3), a major hepatectomy with PD (HPD) (n = 3) or vascular resection and reconstruction (n = 4). We assessed 30-day morbidity, mortality, and 2-year overall survival (OS). Results: Among 19 patients, negative margins were achieved in 14 (73.6%). The 30-day mortality was 1/9 (11.1%) for a major hepatectomy, 0/3 (0%) for a minor HPD, 2/3 (66.7%) for a major HPD, and 1/4 (25.0%) for vascular resection. All short term survivors (< 6 months) (n=8) had preoperative jaundice and 6/8 (75.0%) underwent a major HPD or vascular resection. There were five (26.3%) long term survivors. The median OS in patients with and without preoperative jaundice was 4.1 months (0.7-11.1 months) and 13.7 months (12-30.4 months), respectively (p = 0.009) (2-year OS = 7% vs. 75%; p = 0.008). The median OS in patients who underwent a major hepatectomy alone or a minor HPD was 11.3 months (6.8-17.3 months) versus 1.4 months (0.3-4.1 months) (p = 0.02) in patients who underwent major HPD or vascular resection (2 year OS = 33% vs. not reached) (p = 0.010) respectively. Conclusions: In selected patients with GBC, when ER is limited to a major hepatectomy alone, or a minor HPD, acceptable survival can be achieved.

• 한국임상보건과학회지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.399-408
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• 2015

Objective. There were two objectives of the study, first was to identify the barriers as perceived by the patients and providers to access the low vision services and second was to identify the challenges faced by the main providers. Study design. Structured questionnaire based interviews of patients and providers Methodology. To find out the barriers to access of low vision services, the interviews based on structured questionnaire were conducted for two patient groups. The first group consisted of 97 visually impaired individuals attending the department of low vision services at Al-Shifa Trust Eye Hospital Rawalpindi while the second group included 56 visually impaired individuals attending the four rehabilitation centers/schools for the blind in Rawalpindi/Islamabad. To identify the barriers as perceived by the main providers of low vision services and challenges faced by them the interviews based on structured questionnaire were conducted for 19 low vision service providers. Results. From patients point of view, major barrier to low vision services identified was inability to visit hospital /rehabilitation center alone - 29.8% in hospital group and 33.9% in rehabilitation centers group, while the lack of social support, lack of family support, cost of travelling, long distance, afford ability, hesitation in using devices and lack of satisfaction were other important barriers identified. From providers' point of view, major barrier to uptake of services was the need for repeated follow-ups. Optometrists were the main provider of low vision services contributing to 47.4% of the providers. The major challenge faced by the providers was motivation of patients to use low vision devices. Conclusion. The major barrier to low vision services according to the patients is inability to visit the hospital alone, while according to providers, it is the need for repeated follow up which proves major barrier towards uptake of services. The motivation is the major challenge faced by providers, majority of which are optometrists.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.28.1-28.4
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• 2021

Since only a small number of patients have a rare disease, it is difficult to identify all of the features of these diseases. This is especially true for patients uncommonly presenting with rare diseases. It can also be difficult for the patient, their families, and even clinicians to know which one of a number of disease phenotypes the patient is exhibiting. To address this issue, during Biomedical Linked Annotation Hackathon 7 (BLAH7), we tried to extract Alexander disease patient data in Portable Document Format. We then visualized the phenotypic diversity of those Alexander disease patients with uncommon presentations. This led to us identifying several issues that we need to overcome in our future work.

• 한국철학논집
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• 제32호
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• pp.161-183
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• 2011

성호(星湖) 이익(李瀷)의 학문은 포괄적이면서도 회의(懷疑)를 통한 자득(自得)을 중시한다. 그의 학문태도는 성호학파(星湖學派) 가운데에서도 모범적이었으며, 그의 제자들은 그를 본받기 위해 노력하였다. 성호학(星湖學)의 위대성은 그의 직후 바로 성호학파(星湖學派)가 성립됨으로써 드러났다. 성호(星湖)는 "주역(周易)"의 육화(六?)이 내괘(內卦)와 외괘(外卦)로 나뉘어 서로 보아야 한다고 주장한다. 이는 소옹(邵雍)의 방법과 같이 일화(一?)에서 육화(六?)까지가 연결된 것이 아니라 내괘(內卦) 삼화(三?)과 외괘(外卦) 삼화(三?)이 독립된 것임을 밝힌 것이다. 성호(星湖)는 서법(筮法)과 변효(變爻)에 있어서도 주자(朱子)의 서법(筮法)이나 "역학계몽(易學啓蒙)" "고변점(考變占)"에 대해 의문을 제기한 것이 많다. 서법(筮法)에서는 주자(朱子)의 "서의(筮儀)"와는 다른 서법(筮法)을 제시함으로써 후에 다산(茶山)이 새로운 서법(筮法)인 '시괘법(蓍卦法)'을 제시하는데 일조한다. 성호(星湖)의 역학(易學)은 획기적으로 다름을 주장한 것은 아니다. 회의(懷疑)를 통한 자득(自得)이라는 그의 목표아래에서 이루어진 것이다. "시괘고(蓍卦攷)" 역시 마찬가지이다. 성호(星湖)의 역학(易學)은 후대에 다산(茶山)의 역학(易學)을 형성하는데 지대한 공헌을 했다고 하겠다.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2013

Objectives: Dyslipidemia in diabetes mellitus is a significant risk factor for the development of cardiovascular complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the ethyl-acetate fraction of an ethanolic extract from Streospermum suaveolens on lipid metabolism in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Diabetes was induced by intraperitonial injection of STZ (50 mg/kg). Diabetic rats were treated with an ethyl-acetate fraction orally at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg daily for 14 days. On the $15^{th}$ day, serum lipid profiles, such as total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), were estimated in experimental rats. The atherogenic (AI) and the coronary risk (CRI) indices were also evaluated. Results: The ethyl-acetate fraction at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg significantly (P < 0.001) and dose-dependently reduced serum cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL, but increased HDL towards near normal levels as compared to diabetic control rats. The fraction also significantly (P < 0.001) lowered the atherogenic index (AI) and coronary risk index (CAI) in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that the ethyl-acetate fraction of Stereospermum suaveolens exhibits a potent antihyperlipidemic activity in hyperglycemic rats and suggests that the plant may have therapeutic value in treating the diabetic complication of hyperlipidemia.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.24.1-24.7
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• 2021

Tracking the most recent advances in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related research is essential, given the disease's novelty and its impact on society. However, with the publication pace speeding up, researchers and clinicians require automatic approaches to keep up with the incoming information regarding this disease. A solution to this problem requires the development of text mining pipelines; the efficiency of which strongly depends on the availability of curated corpora. However, there is a lack of COVID-19-related corpora, even more, if considering other languages besides English. This project's main contribution was the annotation of a multilingual parallel corpus and the generation of a recommendation dataset (EN-PT and EN-ES) regarding relevant entities, their relations, and recommendation, providing this resource to the community to improve the text mining research on COVID-19-related literature. This work was developed during the 7th Biomedical Linked Annotation Hackathon (BLAH7).

• Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.232-239
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• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the antigenic potency and stability of tetanus and diphtheria (Td) vaccines when combined with aluminum phosphate (AlPO₄) and liposome adjuvants. Materials and Methods: In vitro and in vivo analyses were conducted using the single radial immunodiffusion method and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The Td vaccines were prepared with AlPO₄ adsorption and liposome-mediated delivery, and protein antigens were characterized using these methods. Results: The results revealed that the liposome-mediated Td vaccines exhibited higher immunogenicity compared to the AlPO₄-adsorbed Td vaccines. Additionally, the liposome-mediated Td vaccines demonstrated higher stability as native antigens. Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of utilizing liposome adjuvants in vaccine development. The liposome-mediated Td vaccines showed enhanced immunogenicity and stability, making them a promising approach for improving vaccine efficacy. Understanding and optimizing adjuvant strategies can contribute to the development of effective vaccines against various diseases.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.213-218
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• 2011

The scope of homogeneous Lewis acid-catalyzed benzo[N,N]-heterocyclic condensation was expanded to include the use of various metal salts not reported in the literature and $SnCl_2{\cdot}2H_2O$ was finally selected. Among various solid supports activated with $SnCl_2$, heterogeneous $SnCl_2/SiO_2$ proved to be the most effective and significantly higher conversions were achieved compared to $SnCl_2{\cdot}2H_2O$ itself. The results of TG-DTA and BET indicated that dispersed $SnCl_2$ coordinates with surface hydroxyl groups of silica leading to formation of stable Lewis acid sites. Low catalyst loading, operational simplicity, practicability and applicability to various substrates render this eco-friendly approach as an interesting alternative to previously applied procedures.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2003년도 The Fifth Asian Computational Fluid Dynamics Conference
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• pp.213-216
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• 2003

This paper put forward the controlled spin intensity method for the tangentially-fired furnaces to solve the problems existed in the counter-tangential operation. The numerical simulation was used in this paper to discuss some basic principles.

• 동양고전연구
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• 제43호
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• pp.233-258
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• 2011

본 논문은 주자(朱子)의 "역학계몽(易學啓蒙)"에 관한 것이다. 주자역학(朱子易學)의 형성과정에서 중요한 역할을 차지하는 "역학계몽(易學啓蒙)"은 그 이후 30종의 연구서가 나온 것에 비하면 연구성과를 4편으로 매우 적다. 이 글은 朱子의 "역학계몽(易學啓蒙)"에 대한 본격적인 연구서가 되고자 한다. 주자(朱子)는 "하도(河圖)"와 "낙서(洛書)"를 수용함으로써 "주역(周易)" 해석에 있어 상수역학(象數易學)의 의미를 다시 드러낸다. "주역(周易)"에 있어 의리역학(義理易學)은 왕필(王弼)의 '득의망상론(得意忘象論)'으로 해서 새로운 힘을 얻었듯이 주자(朱子)는 "역학계몽(易學啓蒙)"을 통해 상수역학(象數易學)의 의미를 되새기려고 하였다. "하도(河圖)"와 "낙서(洛書)"를 통해 "주역(周易)"을 해석함으로써 "하도(河圖)"와 "낙서(洛書)"는 없어서는 안 될 것이 되었다. 서법(筮法)에 있어서도 대연지수(大衍之數)를 "하도(河圖)"와 "낙서(洛書)"에서 도출시킴으로써 서법(筮法) 또한 "하도(河圖)"와 "낙서(洛書)"에 관계시킨다. 주자(朱子)는 이렇게 함으로써 대연지수(大衍之數) 역시 "하도(河圖)" "낙서(洛書)"와 연관시킨다. 또한, 건괘(乾卦)와 곤괘(坤卦)의 용구(用九) 용육(用六)을 여섯 효(爻)가 모두 변하였을 때 보는 점사(占辭)로 해석함으로써 역학사(易學史)에 커다란 공헌을 한다. 역학사(易學史)에서 주자(朱子)가 차지하는 비중은 왕필(王弼)이나 정이(程?)에 버금간다. 물론 헛되이 노력한 부분도 없지 않지만 주자(朱子)의 노력으로 "주역(周易)"을 해석하는 방법은 나날이 발전하게 된다.