• 대한기관식도과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기관식도과학회 1981년도 제15차 학술대회연제순서 및 초록
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• pp.3.3-4
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• 1981

1972년부터 1980년말까지 본 대학 이비인후과 외래를 통해서 본 식도, 기도의 이물환자 138명에 대한 성별, 연령별 및 이물의 종류와 개재부위에 대한 통계적 고찰을 한 결과 다음과 같은 성적을 얻었다. 1) 연령별로는 5세이하가 102명(73.9%)이었다. 2) 부위별로는 식도이물 132명, 기도이물 6명으로 22 : 1이었다. 3) 성별로는 식도이물 132명중 남자가 81명(61.4%)였으며, 기도이물 6명중 남자가 4명(66.7%)이였다. 4) 식도이물중에서 적화가 112명(84.8%)로 가장 많았고 그외에 육류, 금속류, 골편, 바둑알, 조개껍질등이었다. 5) 개재부위별로는 식도이물에서는 제1협착부가 126명(95.5%) 였으며 기도이물에서는 기관지, trachea였다. 6) 이물의 잔류기간은 식도이물에서 112명(84.8%)가 24시간이내에 내원하였고 기도이물에서는 4명(66.7%)가 24시간이내에 내원하였다.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.109-115
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• 2001

실크 세리신 단백질을 추출정제하여 새로운 기능성 소재로 활용하기 위하여 세리신 추출법에 따른 세리신의 특성을 분석하고 약리효능과 피부친화성 소재로의 응용 가능성을 관능평가를 통하여 조사한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 실크 세리신 단백질을 효과적으로 추출하는 방법은 NaOH(0.02wt.%)로 처리하는 방법과 질소공기 하에서 식용효소인 Flavourzyme 3%로 처리하는 방법이 연감을 25wt.% 내외로 거의 100% 세리신을 회수하였다. 2. 추출된 세리신의 분자량 분포는 10,000-30,000 범위였으며 용해도는 90 wt.% 이상이었다. 또한 Actinase 등 단백질 분해 효소로 처리하여 분자량 2,700-4,200 의 저분자화 세리신을 얻을 수 있었으나 아미노산 조성은 고온고압 추출 세리신과 큰 차이가 없었다. 3.세리신의 항산화, 혈당강하 및 알콜대사에 미치는 영향을 살펴본 결과 유의성 있는 항산화 효과를 나타내지는 않았으나 세리신 투여시 sucrose와 maltose에 의하여 유발되는 혈당을 각각 62.6%, 41.5% 낮추는 효과를 나타내었다. 4. 피부친화성 소재로서 세리신의 활용가능성을 검토하기 위하여 중금속 함량을 측정한 결과 활성탄이나 wool filter를 이용함으로서 효과적으로 중금속을 제거할 수 있었으며, 세리신을 포함한 비누와 입욕제에 대한 관능평가 결과 세정력, 기포성, 세면후 피부보습성 등이 우수한 것으로 판정되어 실크 세리신 단백질은 피부친화성 미용 소재로 적용이 가능할 것으로 확인되었다.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.235-242
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• 2014

본 연구는 해상가두리와 육상수조의 다양한 중간양성 방법에 대한 성장 및 생존율을 조사하여 육상수조에서의 전복치패 양성의 효율성 증가와 생산성향상을 유도하고자 실시하였다. 해상가두리 (net cage culture, NCC) 실험은 육상수조 사육은 2013년 6월부터 2014년 4월까지 10개월 (300일) 동안 실시하였고, 실험 전복은 2012년에 종묘생산 된 양성 1년생 (각장 평균 22.74-23.67 mm) 을 사용하였다. 육상수조 실험구 설정은 바닥식 양성 (floor culture, FC), 그물 바닥식 양성(net floor culture, NFC), 이중 쉘터 양성 (double shelter culture, DSC) 그리고 육상 가두리 양성 (indoor net cage culture, INCC) 을 각각 2반복구로 설정하여, 수조 당 10,000 마리를 수용하였다. 해상가두리의 월별 각장과 성장률(absolute growth rate of shell length, $AGR_{SL}$) 은 육상수조 사육방법보다 유의적으로 높았고 (P < 0.05), 육상수조 내 사육방법별 월별 중량변화는 유의적 차이가 없었다. 전복치패 각장의 일간성장률 (daily growth rate of shell length, $DGR_{SL}$), 특수생장율 (specific growth rate of shell length, $SGR_{SL}$) 에서도 NCC가 육상수조 실험구보다 유의적으로 높았으며 (P < 0.05), 각폭 성장에서의 성장률 (absolute growth rate of shell breadth, $AGR_{SB}$), $DGR_{SB}$, $SGR_{SB}$에서 NCC가 육상수조 내 실험보다 유의적으로 높았고 (P < 0.05), 육상수조 내 실험구간의 유의적 차이는 없었다. 육상수조 내 실험구에서 측정된 전복체중 성장은 FMW, WG, DWG, SWG에서는 각 실험구별로 유의적 차이가 없으며, 모든 실험구의 생존율은 실험종료 시 까지 55-60%를 유지하였다. 따라서 2 cm이상의 전복치패는 중간양성 시 동일한 밀도, 먹이를 공급한 육상수조 내에서는 차이를 보이지 않았지만, 신선한 먹이가 공급되면서 가두리 주위로 자연먹이가 풍부하게 자랐던 해상가두리가 성장에 유리하게 작용하였던 것으로 판단된다.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.138-164
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• 2022

서산 대죽리 패총은 해안선과 접하는 낮은 구릉의 경사지에 분포하며, 기반암은 유색광물이 많은 편암이 주류를 이루나 부분적으로 편마암상을 보인다. 유적은 양토질 표토와 식양질 심토로 구성되며 점토화도는 낮다. 패총 출토 빗살무늬토기의 산출상태는 거의 유사하나 여러 형태와 문양이 공존하며 색과 두께 및 기초물성은 조금씩 다르다. 이들은 태토구성, 비짐의 종류와 함량 및 흑심의 유무에 따라 세 유형으로 세분된다. IA형과 IB형은 각각 무흑심 및 유흑심 무색광물형이며, II형은 유흑심 유색광물형 토기이다. 모든 토기는 비가소성 유색광물을 포함하나, II형은 Mg과 Fe의 함량이 높은 흑운모, 녹니석, 활석, 투각섬석, 투휘석 및 각섬석을 다량 함유한다. 모든 토기는 유기물을 포함하며 광물입자의 입도와 분급 및 원마도가 불량한 것으로 보아, 유적 일대의 풍화토를 수급하여 특별한 수비과정 없이 태토로 사용하고, 특수한 용도를 위해 약간의 정선을 거친 비가소성 비짐을 첨가한 것으로 판단된다. 전체적으로 불완전 소성을 경험하였고, IB형은 산화도가 낮았으며 II형은 적색도와 산화 정도가 가장 높았던 것으로 판단된다. 이는 소성 온도와 비가소성 입자의 함량비에 따라 달라진 것으로, 광물 및 지구화학적 분석과 열이력 등을 종합하여 소성 조건을 해석하면 600~700℃의 범위를 보였다. 대죽리 패총의 빗살무늬토기는 조금씩 다른 산출상태와 광물조성을 가지며 물리적 성질도 약간 다르나, 근본적으로 같은 태토를 바탕으로 유사한 제작과정을 거친 것이다. 이는 대죽리 일대에 분포하는 기반암 및 풍화토의 조성과 거의 동일하다. 현재 대죽리에는 산업단지가 들어서 유적의 태토와 지질분포를 확인하기 어려우나, 신석기시대 토기의 제작에 필요한 재료는 주변에서 자급자족했을 개연성이 충분하다. 따라서 대죽리 패총을 남긴 집단은 유적 인근에 거주하며 패류 채집과 가공을 목적으로 유적을 방문하고, 패각과 함께 부서진 토기를 폐기한 것으로 해석된다.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.82-94
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• 1988

A growing attention has been paid to the optimum design of structures in recent years. Most studies on the optimum design of reinforced concrete structures has been mainly focussed to the design of structural members such as beams, slabs and columns, and there exist few studies that deal with the optimum design of large-scale concrete shell structures. The purpose of the present investigation is, therefore, to set up an efficient optimum design method for the large-scale reinforced concrete cylindrical shell structures like intake tower of reservoir. The major design variables are the dimensions and steel areas of each member of structures. The construction cost which is compo8ed of the concrete, steel, and form work costs, respectively, is taken as the objective function. The constraint equations for the design of intake-tower are derived on the basis of strength design method. The results obtained are summarized as follows 1. The efficient optimlzation algorithrns which can execute the automatic optimum design of reinforced concrete intake tower based on the strength design method were developed. 2. Since the objective function and design variables were converged to their optimum values within the first or second iteration, the optimization algorithms developed in this study seem to be efficient and stable. 3. When using the strength design method, the construction cost could be saved about 9% compared with working stress design method. Therefore, the reliability of algorithm was proved. 4. The difference in construction cost between the optimum designs with substructures and with entire structure was found to be small and thus the optimum design with substructures may conveniently be used in practical design. 5. The major active constraints of each structural member were found to be the 'bending moment constraint for slab, the minimum longitudinal steel ratio constraint for tower body and the shearing force, bending moment and maximum eccentricity constraints for footing, respectively. 6. The computer program developed in the present study can be effectively used even by an uneiperienced designer for the optimum design of reinforced concrete intake-tower on the basis of strength design method.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.67-73
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• 2013

With an increasing concern on laying hen welfare, barn system has appeared as one of the alternatives to replace the conventional cage. This study was conducted to compare the early laying performance and egg quality at the barn system with those at the conventional cage. A total of 288 shaver-579 brown layers were used for 9 weeks ($21^{st}$ to $30^{th}$ weeks of age) feeding study. Feed consumption and egg weight were significantly (P<0.01) higher at barn than at cage. However, there were no significant differences between two housing systems on hen day egg production (HDEP), egg mass, body weight, feed efficiency and livability. In case of egg quality parameters, shell thickness, albumen height and Haugh unit were significantly (P<0.05) different between two systems. Haugh unit and albumen height were significantly higher in eggs produced at cage (88.97 and 8.16 mm) compared than those produced at barn (83.11 and 6.87 mm), whereas shell thickness was thicker in eggs produced at barn than those produced at cage. Shape index, breaking strength, blood spots and yolk index data were not influenced significantly by the types of housing system. To implement welfare bestowing production, this study showed that the barn system can replace the conventional cage without serious sacrifices on starting phase egg production. In addition, this study suggested that the barn system need to be optimized in view of daily feed consumption.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.67-81
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• 1988

The purpose of the present study is to set up an efficient optimum design method for the large-scale reinforced concrete cylindrical shell structures like intake tower of reservoir and to establish a solid foundation for the automatic optimum structural design combined with finite element analysis. The major design variables are the dimensions and steel areas of each member of the structures. The construction cost which is composed of the concrete, steel, and form work costs, respectively, is taken as the objective function. The constraint equations for the design of intake-tower are derived on the basis of the working stress design method. The corresponding design guides including the standard specification for concrete structures have been also employed in deraving the constraint conditions. The present nonlinear optimization problem is solved by SUMT method. The reinforced concrete intake-tower is decomposed into three major substructures. The optimization is then conducted for both the whole structure and the substructures. The following conclusions can be drawn from the present study. 1. The basis of automatic optimum design of reinforced concrete cylindrical shell structures which is combined with finite element analysis was established. 2. The efficient optimization algorithms which can execute the automatic optimum desigh of reinforced concrete intake-tower based on the working stress design method were developed. 3. Since the objective function and design variables were converged to their optimum values within the first or second iteration, the optImization algorithms developed in this study seem to be efficient and stable. 4. The difference in construction cost between the optimum designs with the substructures and with the entire structure was found to be small and thus the optimum design with the substructures,rnay conveniently be used in practical design. 5. The major active constraints of each structural member were found to be the tensile stress insteel for salb, the minimum lonitudinal steel ratio constraints for tower body and the shearing stress in concrete, tensile stress in steel and maximum eccentricityconstraints for footing, respectively. 6. The computer program develope in the present study can be effectively used even by an unexperienced designer for the optimum design of reinforced concrete intake-tower.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.95-105
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• 2005

Gonadosomatic index, reproductive cycle, spermatogenesis and first sexual maturity of Chlamys farreri were investigated by cytological and histological observations, from January 1998 to December 1999. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) rapidly increased in April and reached a maximum in May when seawater temperature rapidly increase. Then the GSI gradually decreased from June to August when spawning occur. Accordingly, monthly changes in the GSI in males coincide with the reproductive cycle. The spermatozoon of Chlamys farreri is the primitive type found in external fertilization species. The head of the spermatozoon is approximately $2.75{\mu}m$ in length including the acrosome measuring about $0.50{\mu}m$ in length, and its tail was approximately $20{\mu}m$, the axoneme of the tail flagellum consists of nine pairs of microtubules at the periphery and a pair at the center. Five spherical mitochondria around the centriole (the satellite body) appear in the middle piece of the sperm. The spawning period was from June to August and the main spawning occurs from July to August when seawater temperatures are greater than $20^{\circ}C$ The reproductive cycle of this species can be categorized into five successive stages; early active stage (January to March), late active stage (March to April), ripe stage (April to August), partially spawned stage (June to August), and spent/inactive stage (August to January). Over 50% of male scallops attained first sexual maturity between 50.0 and 60.0 mm in shell height, and 100% of those over 60.0 mm in shell height achieved maturity. Accordingly, we assume that male individuals begin reproduction at three years of age.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권10호
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• pp.1478-1483
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• 2006

This experiment was carried out to determine the effects of supplementation of L-carnitine and humic substances alone or in combination in laying hen diets on performance, egg traits and blood parameters. A total of 180 IGH type brown laying hens aged 22 weeks were employed in a completely randomized block design with one control group and three treatment groups. Each group was divided into five replicates as subgroups, each comprising 9 hens. The diets of the first, second and third treatment groups were supplemented with 0.1 g/kg L-carnitine, 1.5 g/kg humic substances (Farmagulator$^{(R)}$ Dry Plus) and 0.1 g/kg L-carnitine+1.5 g/kg humic substances, respectively. The experimental period lasted 18 weeks. Feeding supplemental carnitine, humic substances or carnitine+humic substances resulted in increases in body weight gain (p<0.05). Dietary treatments did not significantly affect daily feed intake, daily metabolizable energy intake, egg production, egg weight, feed efficiency, mortality, egg shape index, egg breaking strength, egg shell thickness, egg albumen index, egg yolk index, egg Haugh unit and the percentages of egg shell, albumen and yolk. Supplementation of humic substances reduced egg yolk cholesterol as mg per g yolk and mg per yolk (p<0.05). Blood serum parameters were not affected by the supplementation of carnitine, humic substances or carnitine+humic substances. The results in this study demonstrated that humic substances supplementation reduced egg cholesterol without adverse effects on performance, egg traits and blood parameters of laying hens. It was concluded that the usage of L-carnitine alone or in combination with humic substances in diets had no beneficial effects in laying hens.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권7호
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• pp.980-985
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• 2000

Influences of Japanese green tea powder (GTP) supplementation to commercial diet on laying performance and egg quality were studied by using 60 laying hens. The experimental diet with or without 0.6% GTP was given ad libitum to the birds during the period from 6 to 71 weeks of age. The birds started egg production from 21 wk of age regardless GTP feeding. Body weight, feed intake, egg weight tended to decrease with GTP supplementation, while egg production rate tended to increase. Haugh unit score was significantly increased with GTP, which accompanied with the increased albumen height. These were observed almost throughout the laying period over 50 wk. Gel proportion in thick albumen was decreased as storage time is prolonged, then higher values of the gel proportion were recorded in the eggs from GTP group. Thick albumen of the eggs from GTP-fed layers had more carbohydrate than that from control layers. All these indicate physical stability of thick albumen in the eggs from GTP group. Thiobarbituric acid content of egg yolk tended to remain lower in the eggs from GTP group during 5-10 days of storage at room temperature. Levels of egg yolk cholesterol and yolk lipid were significantly reduced by GTP feeding. There were no significant differences in eggshell weight, shell thickness and shell strength between the two groups. Thyroid gland and liver from hens slaughtered at 71 wk of age did not differ in weight irrespective of GTP feeding. The present results suggest that GTP could modify components of edible part of egg, leading to the characteristics favourable to consumers such as high durability of thick albumen and less cholesterol in yolk, without altering general performance of the layers throughout this year round experiment.