• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.83-92
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• 1996

This study was conducted to estimate the shelf-life of 'Fuji' apples (Malus domestica Borkh) after CA storage. Apples stored In 1%O2+3%CO2, 2%O2+3%CO2 and 3%O2+3%CO2 at 2$^{\circ}C$ and 4$^{\circ}C$ for 8 months were stored in air at 10$^{\circ}C$, 80-85% RH for 16days. As a result of objective analysis, apples stored at 2$^{\circ}C$ wert mort effective in retarding the loss of weight flesh firmness, titratable acidity and peel color than those stored at 4$^{\circ}C$, but not the loss of soluble solid. Among storage atmospheres, 1%O2+3%CO2 at 2$^{\circ}C$ was more effective in retarding the loss of flesh firmness and green color than other atmospheres. Shelf-life of apples kept at 2$^{\circ}C$ estimated above 16 days. The contents of acetaldehyde and ethanol were not observed tn make large difference between storage conditions, but ethanol content of apples stored in 3%O2+3%CO2 at 4$^{\circ}C$ was Increased slightly for 16 days. According to sensory evaluations, apples stored at 2$^{\circ}C$ were significantly harder, juicier and more acid than chose stored at 4$^{\circ}C$. Particularly, high scores of apples stored in 1% and 2%O2+3%CO2 at 2$^{\circ}C$ Persisted for 16 days. Juiciness, hardness acidity and sweetness were related to the flesh firmness and titratable acidity. Overall acceptability was closely related to juiciness and hardness.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.75-80
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• 2014

Energy consumption of sensor nodes is minimized because it has limited energy generator in wireless sensor network. Electronic shelf label system is one of application fields using wireless sensor networks. Battery size of small apparatus for displaying price is restricted. Therefore its current consumption have to be minimized. Furthermore the method for minimization of peak current would be considered because life cycle of coin battery used to display or RF is vulnerable to intensity of drain current. In this paper, we analyze current consumption pattern of low-power electronic shelf label system. Then we propose the method for minimization of current consumption by modification of software and hardware. Current consumption of the system using proposed method are approximately 15 to 20 percent lower than existing system and the life cycle of the system is approximately 10 percent higher than existing system.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.9-17
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• 1995

To stabilize omeprazole(OMP), ethylenediamine(ED) complex of omeprazole(OMPED) was prepared by reaction between OMP and ED in methanol, and the complex formation was confirmed by the instrumental analysis, i.e., IR, DSC, EA, NMR, MS and XRD. The rates of decomposition of OMP and OMPED in aqueous solution and the shelf lives at standard temperature were measured by accelerated stability analysis. The results are summarized as follows; The mole ratio of OMP and ED in OMPED complex is 1:1, the energy of formation within OMPED might be combined between polar imidazole group of OMP with induced a dipole amine group in the readily polarizable ED molecule. At standard temperature the degradation rate constant of OMP in aqueous solution is $2.540{\times}10^{-2}\;hr^{-1}$ and the shelf life is 4.15 hrs, and in the case of OMPED the degradation rate constant is $7.986{\times}10^{-4}\;hr^{-1}$ and the shelf life is 131.96 hrs. So, the OMPED has about 31 times longer shelf life than OMP. The activation energy of OMP and OMPED are 5.23 and 18.55 kcal $mole^{-1}$ respectively. The stability of OMP is dependent chiefly on pH in the solutions and it decomposes readily in acidic medium by hydrogen ion catalized reaction but becomes stable beyond pH 9.0. In case of the ED-complex, OMPED is stable in neutral as well as in dilute acidic solutions even in pH 6, OMPED is very stable to light(UV), that is, the rate constant and shelf life of OMP are $k=1.0188{\times}10^{-2}\;day^{-1}$, $T_{90%}=4.5 \;days$, on the other hand, the those of OMPED are $k=7.138{\times}10^{-4}\;day^{-1}$, $T_{90%}=64.1\;days$, respectively. From the above results, it is thought that new dosage forms could be developed by using the OMPED as a potential OMP complex.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.36-42
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• 2014

Domestic 105mm HE (High Explosive) shell is composed of three parts that are Fuze, Projectile and Propellants. Among three parts, propelling charge of propellants part consists of single base propellants. It has been known that the lifespan of single base propellants is affected by a storage period. These are because Nitrocellulose (NC) which is the main component of propelling gunpowder can be naturally decomposed to unstable substances similar with other nitric acid ester. Even though it cannot be prevented fundamentally from being disassembled, a decomposition product ($NO_2$, $NO_3$, and $HNO_3$) and tranquillizer DPA (Diphenylamine) having high reactivity are added into a propellant to restrain induction of automatic catalysis by a decomposition product. The decay rate of the tranquillizer is also affected by a production rate of the decomposition product of NC. Therefore, an accurate prediction of the Self-Life is required to ensure against risks such as explosion. Hereupon, this paper presents a new methodology to estimate the shelf-life of single base propellants using data of ASRP (Ammunition Stockpile Reliability Program) to domestic 105mm HE (propelling charge of propellants part). We selected four attributes that are inferred to have influence on distribution of the DPA amount in a propellant from the ASRP dataset through data mining processes. Then the selected attributes were used as independent variables in a regression analysis in order to estimate the shelf-life of single base propellants.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.12 no.2 s.29
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• pp.206-221
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• 2006

To establish an optimum formula for processing wet noodles with steam-dried Hizikia fusiformis flour(SHF), it was incorporated into wheat flour by the ratio of 0, 1, 3, 5, 10 and 20% based on a flour weight. Application of 2% mehthylcelluose(MC) to improve the texture of noodles mixed with SHF was also attempted. Evaluation was performed on the dough rheology and wet noodle quality, such as cooking characteristics, mechanical texture properties, sensory value and shelf-life. Water absorption rate of the composite flour increased linearly as the content of SHF increased from 1% to 10%, and noodle sheet-formation was also acceptable in the same content level. The weight and volume of cooked noodles were decreased, and turbidity of soup was, if exceeding more than 5% of SHF, increased constantly. However, these problems could be remarkably resolved in SHF plus 2% MC. Texture profile analysis of cooked noodles showed an increase of hardness, gumminess, and chewiness up to 5% SHF. The results of sensory evaluation showed that cooked noodles containing 5% SDF were acceptable as much as wheat four noodles in terms of color, texture, taste and flavor. Based on cooking properties, rheological and sensory evaluation, addition of 5% SHF plus 2% MC was suggested to be suitable for making wet noodles, of which the shelf-life was estimated to be 8 days at $5^{\circ}C$.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.256-260
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• 1992

This study was conducted to calculate and predict the shelf-life of meat sausage through physicochemical and biological analysis. Judging from physico-chemical components, it can be found out the most effective indicator in meat sausage. And also, the materials used for packaging is cellulose #23 in inner-packaging and CN/HDPE laminating film in outer-packaging. The changes of the most effective indicator were discussed through the method of kinetic analysis. Judging from physico-chemical components, VBN was the most available component in quality judgement of meat sausage and their upper limiting contents were 20 mg%. It is possible to calculate and predict the shelf-life of meat sausage through the regression equation and $Q_{10}$ value. As a result, the shelf-life prediction was $58{\sim}63$ days at $10^{\circ}C$, $47{\sim}51$ days at $20^{\circ}C$ and 26 days at $40^{\circ}C$, respectively, but the difference between two methods showed about $4{\sim}5$ days. $Q_{10}$ value on the changes contents was 1.35 at acceralated temperature $40^{\circ}C$. The reaction rate of VBN contents could be interpreted as a first order reaction that divided into 2 periods with different reaction rate constants. The corresponding Arrhenius activation energies were 2.959 Kcal/mole and 3.632 Kcal/mole, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.558-569
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• 2014

The quality and characteristics of purple sweet potato sponge cake were studied with the addition of different proportions of purple sweet potato powder depending on storage period The pHs, heights, and weights of doughs were in the ranges of 6.3~6.5, 4.8~4.4 cm and 397~418 g, respectively. The sponge cake groups with the addition of different proportions of purple sweet potato powder showed significantly different characteristics in hardness, adhesiveness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness, according to texture profile analysis. The difference in colors of sponge cakes with addition with purple sweet potato revealed that L-value and b-value were significantly reduced but a-value especially increased according to the density. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), it was confirmed that the stoma size of purple sweet potato sponge cake become smaller and the stoma wall became thicker in proportion to the contents of purple sweet potato powder, which could result in an increased level of water content after a long period pf storage. According with the observations, water content remarkably increased after 4~6 days of storage and the ability to keep water content seemed to contribute to extention the shef-life of sponge cakes. In sensory evaluation, sponge cakes with high contents of purple sweet potato were preferred and cakes with the addition of 25% and 30% purple sweet potato powder was most preferred. It was expected that the shelf-life of purple sweet potato sponge cake was 4 days under the normal temperature.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.339-345
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• 2020

In the field of defense, one-shot devices such as missiles are stored for a long period of time after they are manufactured, so it is essential to predict their storage life. A study was conducted to find the shelf life of a Li-ion battery used in one-shot devices. To do this, a Li-ion battery that has been used in weapon systems for more than 5 years was secured. A non-functional test was performed on the battery to check for external changes or failures. After the non-functional test, a discharge test was performed to measure the performance after storing it. Through the test, the performance was checked, including the initial charging voltage, discharge time, and battery temperature, and the trend of the change was identified. An F-test, One-way ANOVA, and regression analysis were performed to verify the aging, and the shelf life of the battery was estimated by an approximation formula that was derived through a regression analysis. As a result of the ANOVA, the p-value was less than the reference value of 0.05, and the performance of the battery decreased by more than 15% after a certain period of time. This change is assumed to result from the change in physical properties of the lithium polymer cell.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.70-79
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• 2018

This study was carried out to predict the shelf-life of emulsified red ginseng beverage. To investigate the quality changes during the storage, physicochemical properties such as acidity, pH, droplet size, Hunter's color value and sensory evaluation test were measured periodically. It was found that acidity, pH, and droplet sizes were little changed in initial stage. After about 70 days of storage, however, they tended to be changed possibly due to Maillard reaction. From the results of correlation analysis between sensory evaluation results and physicochemical characteristics, a-value was chosen as a quality index of red ginseng emulsions. Using reaction constants at various temperature, the activation energy and the $Q_{10}$ value for the a-value from Arrhenius equation found to be 13.37 kcal/mol, 1.56-2.14, respectively. It could be concluded that the shelf-life of red ginseng emulsions estimated to be 730 days (approximately 2 years) when stored at $20^{\circ}C$.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.37-46
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• 2014

Fresh sea squirt meat requires a modified processing and preservation process because it has a short shelf life due to its high moisture content and strong proteolytic enzyme activity. In this study, bottled sea squirt meat prepared in vegetable oil (BSMO) to enhance the consumer acceptability was exposed to ${\gamma}$-ray (Co60, 10 kGy/h) irradiation to extend the shelf life without the use of a heating process. Response surface methodology was used to determine the optimal mixing ratio of BSMO containing 5% dehydrated fresh meat. Texture analysis and nutritional evaluation were also performed on a control and BSMO samples. The volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) content and total cell count were measured to determine the shelf life of irradiated BSMO products during chilled storage at $4^{\circ}C$ for 60 days. According to a panel of 10 trained tasters (aged 20-29 years), the optimal mixing formulation was 80 g meat in 60 mL of mixed vegetable oil (30 mL of olive oil and 30 mL of sesame oil). The highest rated formulation, according to a panel of nine trained tasters (aged ${\geq}30$ years), was 80 g meat in 60 mL of mixed vegetable oil (42 mL of olive oil and 18 mL of sesame oil). Moisture, ash, and protein contents in BSMO did not change significantly (P < 0.05) compared with the control. A higher lipid content ($0.84{\pm}0.23$ to $2.13{\pm}0.61$; P < 0.05) was observed due to the presence of vegetable oil on the surface of BSMO. The vegetable oil raised the hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, chewiness, and resilience of BSMO. BSMO products remained edible after 50 days of storage at $4^{\circ}C$ based on the VBN content (BSMO 1: $27.92{\pm}0.96$ mg/100 g, BSMO 2: $24.84{\pm}1.95$ mg/100 g) and total cell count (BSMO 1: $4.60{\pm}0.80$ log CFU/mL, BSMO 2: $3.65{\pm}0.20$ log CFU/mL) when compared with standard levels of VBN (25.00 mg/100 g) and total cell count (5 log CFU/mL), respectively. The results showed that irradiated BSMO products could help to expand the processed seafood market and increase the popularity of seafood among the younger generations.