• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권9호
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• pp.1289-1302
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• 2022

The next generation sequencing has significantly contributed to clarify the genome structure of many species of zootechnical interest. However, to date, some portions of the genome, especially those linked to a heterogametic nature such as the Y chromosome, are difficult to assemble and many gaps are still present. It is well known that the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is an excellent tool for identifying genes unequivocably mapped on chromosomes. Therefore, FISH can contribute to the localization of unplaced genome sequences, as well as to correct assembly errors generated by comparative bioinformatics. To this end, it is necessary to have starting points; therefore, in this study, we reviewed the physically mapped genes on the Y chromosome of cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats, pigs, horses and alpacas. A total of 208 loci were currently mapped by FISH. 89 were located in the male-specific region of the Y chromosome (MSY) and 119 were identified in the pseudoautosomal region (PAR). The loci reported in MSY and PAR were respectively: 18 and 25 in Bos taurus, 5 and 7 in Bubalus bubalis, 5 and 24 in Ovis aries, 5 and 19 in Capra hircus, 10 and 16 in Sus scrofa, 46 and 18 in Equus caballus. While in Vicugna pacos only 10 loci are reported in the PAR region. The correct knowledge and assembly of all genome sequences, including those of genes mapped on the Y chromosome, will help to elucidate their biological processes, as well as to discover and exploit potentially epistasis effects useful for selection breeding programs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권7호
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• pp.925-937
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• 2016

In the last few decades, transgenic animal technology has witnessed an increasingly wide application in animal breeding. Reproductive traits are economically important to the pig industry. It has been shown that the bone morphogenetic protein receptor type IB (BMPR1B) A746G polymorphism is responsible for the fertility in sheep. However, this causal mutation exits exclusively in sheep and goat. In this study, we attempted to create transgenic pigs by introducing this mutation with the aim to improve reproductive traits in pigs. We successfully constructed a vector containing porcine BMPR1B coding sequence (CDS) with the mutant G allele of A746G mutation. In total, we obtained 24 cloned male piglets using handmade cloning (HMC) technique, and 12 individuals survived till maturation. A set of polymerase chain reactions indicated that 11 of 12 matured boars were transgene-positive individuals, and that the transgenic vector was most likely disrupted during cloning. Of 11 positive pigs, one (No. 11) lost a part of the terminator region but had the intact promoter and the CDS regions. cDNA sequencing showed that the introduced allele (746G) was expressed in multiple tissues of transgene-positive offspring of No.11. Western blot analysis revealed that BMPR1B protein expression in multiple tissues of transgene-positive $F_1$ piglets was 0.5 to 2-fold higher than that in the transgene-negative siblings. The No. 11 boar showed normal litter size performance as normal pigs from the same breed. Transgene-positive $F_1$ boars produced by No. 11 had higher semen volume, sperm concentration and total sperm per ejaculate than the negative siblings, although the differences did not reached statistical significance. Transgene-positive $F_1$ sows had similar litter size performance to the negative siblings, and more data are needed to adequately assess the litter size performance. In conclusion, we obtained 24 cloned transgenic pigs with the modified porcine BMPR1B CDS using HMC. cDNA sequencing and western blot indicated that the exogenous BMPR1B CDS was successfully expressed in host pigs. The transgenic pigs showed normal litter size performance. However, no significant differences in litter size were found between transgene-positive and negative sows. Our study provides new insight into producing cloned transgenic livestock related to reproductive traits.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.175-185
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• 1982

소백혈병(白血病)바이러스 봉입체단백(封入體蛋白)을 항원(抗原)으로 이용한 면역확산법(免疫擴散法)으로 전국에 산재해 있는 164개 목장(牧場)에서 사육중인 2003두(頭)의 유우(乳牛)에 대한 소백혈병(白血病)바이러스항체(抗體) 조사결과, 양성율(陽性率)은 충청도(忠淸道)가 41.8%로 가장 높았고, 전북(全北)은 24.4%로 가장 낮았다. 지역별(地域別) 양성율(陽性率)은 중부지역(中部地域)이 37.8%, 호남지역(湖南地域)이 27.2%, 영남지역(嶺南地域)이 28.0%, 그러고 영동지역(嶺東地域)이 25.2%였다. 전국의 평균 양성율(陽性率)은 29.8%였다. 혈청학적(血淸學的) 검사결과(檢査結果)를 분석(分析)하였던 바 양성율(陽性率)은 소의 연령(年齡)이 높을수록, 사육규모(飼育規模)가 클수록 높은 경향이 있었고, 소의 연령군(年齡群)이 6내지 8세에서, 사육규모(飼育規模)가 20내지 50두(頭)의 우군(牛群)에서 양성율(陽性率)이 가장 높였다. 중부지역(中部地域)에 사육중인 117두(頭)의 종모우(種牡牛)에 대해 조사한 결과 한우(韓牛)에서는 5.7%(4/70), 홀스타인 종모우(種牡牛)에서는 35.9% (14/39)의 양성율(陽性率)을 나타냈다. 우군별(牛群別)로는 혈청검사(血淸檢査)를 한 164개 우군(牛群)중에 양성우(陽性牛)가 전혀 없는 우군(牛群)이 17개군(個群)(10.4%), 20~40%의 양성우(陽性牛)가 있는 우군(牛群)이 42개(個)(25.6%)였고, 80%이상의 양성우(陽性牛)가 있는 우군(牛群)은 10개군(個群)(6.1%)이었다. 소백혈병(白血病)바이러스항체(抗體) 양성우(陽性牛)에서 분리(分離)한 임파구(淋巴球)를 phytohemagglutinin을 첨가한 배지(培地)에 단기배양(短期培養)한 후 BLV 형광항체(螢光抗體)를 이용하여 임파구(淋巴球)내의 BLV항원(抗原) 증명(證明)을 시도한 바, 양성우(陽性牛) 11두(頭)중 8두((頭)(72.7%)에서 특이(特異)한 BLV항원(抗原)이 규명(糾明)되었다. BLV 항체양성우(抗體陽性牛) 7두(頭)와 음성우(陰性牛) 4두(頭)에서 분리한 임파구(淋巴球)의 우태아비장세포(牛胎兒脾臟細胞)에 대한 syncytium 형성능(形成能)을 시험한 바, 양성우(陽性牛) 7두(頭) 중 5두(頭)(71.4%)의 임파구(淋巴球)가 syncytium을 형성(形成)하였다. 배양(培養)된 임파구(淋巴球)를 전자현미경(電子顯微鏡)으로 검사한 결과 6두(頭)의 양성우(陽性牛) 중 2두(頭)에서 90~110nm. 크기의 전형적(典型的)인 C형(型) 소백혈병(白血病)바이러스가 증명(證明)되었다.