• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 1998년도 터널.암반역학위원회 박사학위 논문집
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• pp.83-114
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• 1998

The most widely accepted method for understanding the deformation mechanism of rock is from the use of computer simulation. However, if the changes in rock properties after excavation are significant this will prevent the computer simulation kent predicting the deformation with acceptable accuracy. If the deformations are, however, carefully measured in situ, the resulting data can be more useful far predicting the deformational behavior of underground openings, since the effect of the parameters which influence the deformational behavior are included in the measurement. In this study, extensive data analyses were carried out using the deformation measurements from the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP), which is a permanent nuclear waste repository The results from computer simulations were compared with field measurements to evaluate the assumptions used in the computer simulations, For better description of the deformational behavior around underground excavations, several techniques were developed, namely: (a) the calculation of the zero strain boundary; (b) the evaluation of the influence of adjacent excavations on the deformational behavior of pre-excavated openings; (c) the description of the deformational behavior using in situ measurements; (d) the calculation of the shear stress distribution; and (e) the application of a Neural Network for the prediction of opening deformation.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제19권7호
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• pp.1432-1440
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• 2005

High-temperature rupture behavior of 5083-Al alloy was tested for failure at 548K under multiaxial stress conditions: uniaxial tension using smooth bar specimens, biaxial shearing using double shear bar specimens, and triaxial tension using notched bar specimens. Rupture times were compared for uniaxial, biaxial, and triaxial stress conditions with respect to the maximum principal stress, the von Mises effective stress, and the principal facet stress. The results indicate that the von Mises effective and principal facet stresses give good correlation for the material investigated, and these parameters can predict creep life data under the multiaxial stress states with the rupture data obtained from specimens under the uniaxial stress. The results suggest that the creep rupture of this alloy under the testing condition is controlled by cavitation coupled with highly localized deformation process, such as grain boundary sliding. It is also conceivable that strain softening controls the highly localized deformation modes which result in cavitation damage in controlling rupture time of this alloy.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.386-393
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 궤도 하부 노반상에서 다짐도 확인 및 강화노반 두께 결정을 위하여 사용되는 변형계수 $E_{v2}$ 측정방법의 적절성과 측정값의 유효성을 검토하였다. 이를 위하여 반복평판재하시험(RPBT)을 실시하고 평판직하부에서 발생하는 압축변형률을 파악하였다. 동일 흙노반재료에 대한 공진주시험으로부터 획득된 전단탄성계수감소곡선과 $E_{v2}$를 비교하였다. 실 현장 RPBT의 발생변형률 수준과 변형계수의 크기가 합리적인지를 분석하기 위하여 응력조건과 대표 평균변형률계수($I_z$) 보정에 의해 반복평판재하시험 변형계수($E_{v2}$)를 재평가하였다. PLAXIS 프로그램을 이용하여 깊이에 따른 변형률 영향계수($I_z$)를 재산정하여 반복평판재하시험 결과($E_{v2}$) 해석에 미치는 변형률 영향계수의 영향을 분석하였으며 ABAQUS를 이용하여 3D궤도구조에서 노반이 받는 변형률수준을 확인하였다. 궤도하부구조가 경험하는 변형률수준에서의 변형계수 $E_{v2}$를 획득하기 위해서는 노반의 비선형성을 구현할 수 있도록 현 반복평판재하시험의 하중단계를 세분화할 필요성을 확인하였다.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.88-97
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 비내진 교각의 내진성능과 휨-전단 거동을 파악하고자 형상비 4.5인 정사각형의 중실 및 중공단면 철근콘크리트 교각실험체를 제작하여 일정한 축력하에서 변위비 등급을 증가시켜 가면서 횡하중을 가력하는 실험을 수행하였다. 본 연구는 철근콘크리트 교각의 한정연성 내진설계를 위한 실험적 기초자료의 제공과 함께 성능단계별 교각성능 및 손상평가를 위한 정량적 수치와 경향을 제공하기 위한 것이며, 파괴거동, 극한변위, 극한드리프트비율, 변위연성도, 응답수정계수, 등가점성감쇠비, 잔류변형지수, 유효강성, 철근 변형률 등의 주요 내진성능 인자들에 대한 분석결과와 비선형 해석 결과를 나타내었다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제29권6A호
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• pp.577-585
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• 2009

이 논문은 원전 격납건물의 극한내압능력 평가와 비선형해석을 수행하기 위하여 개발된 해석프로그램인 9절점 퇴화 쉘 유한요소에 대하여 기술하였다. 개발된 쉘 유한요소는 퇴화 고체기법과 구조물에서 발생하는 횡전단변형도를 고려하기 위하여 Reissner-Mindlin(RM)가정을 도입하였다. 콘크리트의 재료모델은 등가응력-등가변형률의 관계를 이용하여 콘크리트의 응력과 변형률의 수준을 결정하고, 콘크리트에 균열이 발생하면 부착응력을 고려하는 인장강성모델과 균열면에서의 전단전달 메카니즘 그리고 균열면에서 압축강도 감소모델 등으로 재료적 거동을 나타내었다. 또한 균열발생기준으로 압축-인장영역에는 Niwa가 제안한 응력포락선을 도입하였고, 인장-인장영역에는 Aoyagi-Yamada가 제안한 응력포락선을 사용하였다. 개발된 프로그램의 성능은 다양한 수치예제를 통하여 검증하였다. 검증예제 결과로부터 개발된 쉘 유한요소를 이용한 해석결과는 실험결과 또는 다른 해석결과와 유사한 결과를 도출하였다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제26권3C호
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• pp.201-207
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• 2006

유효응력의 산정을 위해 간극수압의 측정이 필수인 지반공학 분야의 실험에서는 멤브레인을 사용하여 구속압과 간극수압의 계측을 실시하지만 구속압의 변화 등에 의해 멤브레인이 공시체 쪽으로 관입하는 현상이 발생하여 체적변형률과 유효응력의 계측치에는 오차가 포함되게 된다. 본 연구에서는 중공비틀림 전단시험장치를 사용하여 등방제하과정과 반복전단과정 및 액상화 후의 재압밀 과정에 있어서의 멤브레인 관입량 및 관입 보정식에 대한 고찰을 실시하였다. 실험 결과, 반복전단에 의해 모래의 유효응력이 20kPa 이하의 낮은 유효응력 조건에서는 보정식에 의한 멤브레인 보정량이 과대평가 되고 있음을 알 수 있으며, 이러한 보정식의 한계는 유효응력이 0에 가까워질 수록 보정량이 급격히 증가하는 것이 원인이다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 점을 감안하여 보정량의 급증을 방지하기 위한 상수의 도입에 대해서도 검토하였다. 이와 더불어 초기 상대밀도가 높거나 액상화 후의 입자 재배열 등의 밀도 변화가 일어나는 경우에도 보정식의 적용에 대한 신중한 검토가 필요하다는 점도 확인하였다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.141-159
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• 2016

Commonly in steel frames, steel beam and concrete slab are connected together by shear keys to work as a unit member which is called composite beam. When a composite beam is subjected to positive bending, flexural strength and stiffness of the beam can be increased due to "composite action". At the same time despite these advantages, composite action increases the strain at the beam bottom flange and it might affect beam plastic rotation capacity. This paper presents results of study on the rotation capacity of composite beam connected to Rectangular Hollow Section (RHS) column in the steel moment resisting frame buildings. Due to out-of-plane deformation of column flange, moment transfer efficiency of web connection is reduced and this results in reduction of beam plastic rotation capacity. In order to investigate the effects of width-to-thickness ratio (B/t) of RHS column on the rotation capacity of composite beam, cyclic loading tests were conducted on three full scale beam-to-column subassemblies. Detailed study on the different steel beam damages and concrete slab damages are presented. Experimental data showed the importance of this parameter of RHS column on the seismic behavior of composite beams. It is found that occurrence of severe concrete bearing crush at the face of RHS column of specimen with smaller width-to-thickness ratio resulted in considerable reduction on the rate of strain increase in the bottom flange. This behavior resulted in considerable improvement of rotation capacity of this specimen compared with composite and even bare steel beam connected to the RHS column with larger width-to-thickness ratio.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.319-327
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• 2019

This paper describes an experimental study of steel beam-column connections with or without expanded beam flanges with different geometries. The objectives of this study are to elucidate the cyclic behavior of these connections, identify the location of the plastic hinge zone, and provide useful test data for future numerical simulations. Five connection specimens are designed and tested under cyclic load. The test setup consists of a beam and a column connected together by a connection with or without expanded beam flanges. A constant axial force is applied to the column and a time varying point load is applied to the free end of the beam, inducing shear and moment in the connection. Because the only effect to be studied in the present work is the expanded beam flange, the sizes of the beam and column as well as the magnitude of the axial force in the column are kept constant. However, the length, width and shape of the expanded beam flanges are varied. The responses of these connections in terms of their hysteretic behavior, failure modes, stiffness degradation and strain variations are experimentally obtained and discussed. The test results show that while the influence of the expanded beam flanges on hysteretic behavior, stiffness degradation and energy dissipation capacity of the connection is relatively minor, the size of the expanded beam flanges does affect the location of the plastic hinge zone and strain variations in these beam-column joints. Furthermore, in terms of ductility, moment and rotational capacities, all five connections behave well. No weld fracture or premature failure occurs before the formation of a plastic hinge in the beam.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제22권12호
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• pp.149-155
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• 2005

The rotating components such as turbine rotors in service are generally subjected to multiaxial cyclic loading conditions. The prediction of fatigue lift for turbine rotor components under complex multiaxial loading conditions is very important to prevent the fatigue failures in service. In this paper, axial and torsional low cycle fatigue tests were preformed for 3.5NiCrMo steels serviced low pressure turbine rotor of nuclear power plant. Several methods to predict biaxial fatigue life such as Tresca, von Mises and Brown & Miller's critical plane approach were evaluated to correlate the experimental results for serviced NiCrMoV steel. The fracture mode and fatigue characteristics of NiCrMoV steel were discussed based on the results of fatigue tests performed under the axial and torsional test conditions. In particular, the Brown and Miller's critical plane approach was found to best correlate the experimental data with predictions being within a factor of 2.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.625-633
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• 2003

For the construction of open-topped steel box girder bridges, prefabricated concrete slab could offer several advantages over cast-in-situ deck including good quality control, fast construction, and elimination of the formwork for concrete slab casting. However, precast decks without reinforcements at transverse joints between precast slabs should be designed to prevent the initiation of cracking at the joints, because the performance of the joint is especially crucial for the integrity of a structural system. Several prestressing methods are available to introduce proper compression at the joints, such as internal tendons, external tendons and support lowering after shear connection. In this paper, experimental results from a continuous composite bridge model with precast decks are presented. Internal tendons and external tendons were used to prevent cracking at the joints. Judging from the tests, precast decks in negative moment regions have the whole contribution to the flexural stiffness of composite section under service loads if appropriate prestressing is introduced. The validity of the calculation of a cracking load fur serviceability was presented by comparing an observed cracking load and the calculated value. Flexural behavior of the continuous composite beam with external prestressing before and after cracking was discussed by using the deflection and strain data.