• 한국공작기계학회논문집
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.127-132
• /
• 2001

By the use of a similar numerical method as the forming limit strain by coating method of coated sheet metals is investigated, in which the FEM is applied and J2G(J2-Gotohs Corner Theory) is utilized as the plasticity constitutive equa-tion. Circular bonded sheet metals with dissimilar sheets on both surface planes are stretched in a plane -strain state, with various work-hardening exponent n-values and thicknesses of each layer. Processes of shear-band formation in such com-posite sheets are clearly illustrated. It is concluded that, it the bonded state, the higher limiting strain of one layer is reduced due to the lower limiting strain of the other layer and vice versa, and does not necessarily obey the rule of linear combination of the limiting strain of each layer weighed according thickness.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.39-45
• /
• 2003

보강토 지반에서 가장 중요한 부분은 보강재와 흙사이의 접촉부분으로서 이 부분의 전단강도 및 전단거동은 보강효과에 직접적인 영향을 미친다. 보강토 지반에서 접촉부분의 전단특성을 얻는 방법으로서 인발시험방법과 직접전단시험방법 등이 있다. 실제 보강토 구조물내에서 보강재와 흙사이에 인발이 되는 부분, 전단이 되는 부분 등이 존재한다. 전단이 되는 경우에도 보강재가 전혀 변형을 하지 않는 경우와 보강재 자체가 변형이 되는 경우 등으로 나눌 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 대형 전단시험기를 이용하여, 부직포/모래, 지오그리드/모래 등의 접촉면을 갖는 2종의 토목섬유를 이용하여, 토목섬유의 인장변형이 허용되는 자유조건과 인장변형이 억제되는 고정조건 등 두가지 방법으로 직접전단시험을 실시하였다. 실험결과 자유조건에 비해 고정조건으로 시험을 행한 경우가 마찰각이 더 컸다. 그리고 전단응력이 피크가 되는 전단변형의 크기는 자유조건의 경우가 더 큰 값을 가졌다. 잔류응력의 경우는 고정법의 경우가 컸지만 잔류응력비는 자유법의 경우가 더 큰 값을 가졌다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제28권5호
• /
• pp.603-633
• /
• 2008

A four-node plate finite element for the analysis of laminated composites which is developed using strain gradient notation is presented. The element is based on a first-order shear deformation theory and on the equivalent lamina assumption. Strains and stresses can be calculated at different points through the thickness of the plate. They are averaged values due to the equivalent lamina assumption. A shear correction factor is used as the transverse shear strain is taken to be constant over the plate thickness while its actual variation is parabolic. Strain gradient notation, which is physically interpretable, allows for the detailed a-priori analysis of the finite element model. The polynomial expansions are inspected and spurious terms responsible for modeling errors are identified in the shear strains polynomial expansions. The element is corrected by simply removing the spurious terms from the shear strains expansions. The element is implemented into a FORTRAN finite element code in two versions; namely, with and without spurious terms. Results are compared to show the effects of the spurious terms on the solutions. It is also shown that a refined mesh composed of corrected elements provides solutions which approximate very well the analytical solutions, validating the procedure.

• International Journal of Railway
• /
• 제6권3호
• /
• pp.112-119
• /
• 2013

A mid-size RC test apparatus (MRCA) equipped with a program is developed that can test samples up to D=10 cm diameter and H=20 cm height which are larger than usual samples used in practice. Using the developed RC test apparatus, two types of crushed trackbed foundation materials were tested in order to get the shear modulus reduction curves of the materials with changing of shear strain levels. For comparison purpose, large repetitive triaxial compression tests (LRT) with samples of height H=60cm and diameter D=30 cm were performed also. Resilient modulus obtained from the LRT was converted to shear modulus by considering elastic theory and strain level conversion and were compared to shear modulus values from the MRCA. It is found from this study that the MRCA can be used to test the trackbed foundation materials properly. It is found also that strain levels of $E_{v2}$ mostly used in the field should be verified considering the shear modulus reduction curves and proper values of $E_{v2}$ of trackbed foundation must be used considering the strain level verified.

• 대한금속재료학회지
• /
• 제47권7호
• /
• pp.397-405
• /
• 2009

The high strain rate deformation behavior of ultra-fine grained 5083 aluminum alloys prepared via equal channel angular (ECA) extrusion was investigated in this study. The microstructure of ECA extruded specimens consisted of ultra-fine grains, and contained a considerable amount of second phase particles, which were fragmented and distributed homogeneously in the matrix. According to the dynamic torsion test results, the maximum shear stress and fracture shear strain of the route A (no rotation) specimen were lower than those of route C ($180^{\circ}$ rotation) specimen since that adiabatic shear bands of $100{\mu}m$ in width were formed in the route A specimen. The formation of adiabatic shear bands was addressed by concepts of critical shear strain, deformation energy required for void initiation, and microstructural homogeneity associated with ECA operations.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.126-126
• /
• 2002

지진에 의한 지반거동 및 지반-구조물 상호작용 등 지반동역학적 문제분석을 위해서는 정확한 동적 토질전단탄성계수의 획득이 필수적이다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 자료를 조사분석하여 어떤 변형율에서도 활용할 수 있는 사질토 전단탄성계수 감소곡선을 위한 경험식을 제안하였다. 비소성 토질의 전단탄성계수 감소곡선의 위치와 모양은 평균유효구속압에 주로 영향을 받으므로 본 연구에서는 이 영향요소 및 최대전단탄성계수를 이용하여 변형을 증가에 의한 전단탄성계수 감소를 산정할 수 있는 방정식을 형성하였다. 최대전단탄성계수가 측정되면 제안된 식을 이용하여 특정 변형을 및 구속압에서 감소된 전단탄성계수를 산출할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.127-138
• /
• 2002

지진에 의한 지반거동 및 지반-구조물 상호작용 등 지반동역학적 문제분석을 위해서는 정확한 동적 토질전단탄성계수의 획득이 필수적이다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 자료를 조사분석하여 어떤 변형율에서도 활용할 수 있는 사질토 전단탄성계수 감소곡선을 위한 경험식을 제안하였다. 비소성 토질의 전단탄성계수 감소곡선의 위치와 모양은 평균유효구속압에 주로 영향을 받으므로 본 연구에서는 이 영향요소 및 최대전단탄성계수를 이용하여 변형을 증가에 의한 전단탄성계수 감소를 산정할 수 있는 방정식을 형성하였다. 최대전단탄성계수가 측정되면 제안된 식을 이용하여 특정 변형을 및 구속압에서 감소된 전단탄성계수를 산출할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.77-85
• /
• 2003

This paper presents a truss model that can predict the shear behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) beams subjected to the combined actions of shear and flexure. Unlike other truss models, the proposed truss model, TATM, takes into account the effect of the flexural moment on the shear strength of RC beams with different shear span-to-depth ratios. To check the successfulness of the proposed model experimentally obtained stress shear strain curves were compared to the predicted ones using the proposed truss model. Furthermore, the shear strengths of 170 RC test beams with variable shear span-to-depth ratios were compared to the shear strengths as given by the truss model reported in this paper.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국추진공학회 2011년도 제37회 추계학술대회논문집
• /
• pp.528-535
• /
• 2011

본 논문에서는 변형율 독립 탄-소성 구성방정식을 이용, 전단 변형 하에서의 국부적 소성변형 집중현상이 분석되었다. 또한 변형량 기울기 (strain gradient) 항이 포함된 비구역적 (non-local) 구성방정식이 유도되었으며 이는 다시 이중후방응력 경화 모델로 표현되었다. 더욱이 본 모델은 연속체 파손역학과 조합되었다. 국부적 변형집중 현상은 수치해석을 통해 분석되었으며 변형량 기울기 항이 구성방정식에 포함될 때 본 항의 크기가 증가할수록 전단 밴드의 크기는 감소하는 것으로 밝혀졌다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• 제32권2호
• /
• pp.157-171
• /
• 2019

In this research, the dynamic instability region (DIR) of the sandwich nano-beams are investigated based on nonlocal strain gradient elasticity theory (NSGET) and various higher order shear deformation beam theories (HSDBTs). The sandwich piezoelectric nano-beam is including a homogenous core and face-sheets reinforced with functionally graded (FG) carbon nanotubes (CNTs). In present study, three patterns of CNTs are employed in order to reinforce the top and bottom face-sheets of the beam. In addition, different higher-order shear deformation beam theories such as trigonometric shear deformation beam theory (TSDBT), exponential shear deformation beam theory (ESDBT), hyperbolic shear deformation beam theory (HSDBT), and Aydogdu shear deformation beam theory (ASDBT) are considered to extract the governing equations for different boundary conditions. The beam is subjected to thermal and electrical loads while is resting on Visco-Pasternak foundation. Hamilton principle is used to derive the governing equations of motion based on various shear deformation theories. In order to analysis of the dynamic instability behaviors, the linear governing equations of motion are solved using differential quadrature method (DQM). After verification with validated reference, comprehensive numerical results are presented to investigate the influence of important parameters such as various shear deformation theories, nonlocal parameter, strain gradient parameter, the volume fraction of the CNTs, various distributions of the CNTs, different boundary conditions, dimensionless geometric parameters, Visco-Pasternak foundation parameters, applied voltage and temperature change on the dynamic instability characteristics of sandwich piezoelectric nano-beam.