• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.483-494
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• 1993

Cell surface antigenic relationships between pathogenic mycobacteria have been investigated by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using phenolkilled cells and their rabbits antisera. Homologous and heterologous reactions of Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare antisera before and after homologous and heterologous absorption revealed a close antigenic relationship between strains of the same species and between species if they were members of M. avium(MA)-intracellulare(MI)-scrofulaceum(MG) complex. MAI sera showed a considerable reaction with M. kansasii(MK) and tuberculosis(MTB), but not with the other species. MA(K40004) antiserum reacted with other mycobacteria except few strains of MI and 50~89% of homologous reaction was reduced by heterologous absorption with cells of MI or MS. Intraspecific reaction of MI antisera was natural1y stronger than interspecific reaction and different in extent due to a magnitude of antigenic sharing. Antigenic relationships between N-260D, N-260R, N-260T, and K41014 was somewhat closer than that with N-242D, N-257T, N-28ID, and N-275T. M. nonchromogenicum(MNC) antisera showed a strong interspecific reaction with exception of M. chelonei(MC) and triviale(MTV) to which they reacted weakly or none. Antigenic sharing with M. terrae(MTR) and MG(K30003) was next to intraspecific sharing. NC-3 shared antigens considerably with MA, MC, and M. fortuitum(MF) while NC-11 did not. MTR antisera showed a strong cross-reaction with MI but their homologous reaction was not reduced by MI absorption indicating a paucity of shared antigen of MTR surface. Intraspecific antigenic sharing of course was large with on exception between T-8 and T-13. A considerable amount of antigenic sharing was also found with MNC, MC and MF. Unlike T-8 serum, T-13 antiserum strongly cross-reacted with MA, MG, MK, and MTB. In general, antigenic relationships of mycobacteria, that have been elucidated in this study, well conformed to taxons delineated by the various biological and biochemical means.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.274-286
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• 2016

This paper presents a 4-channel multi-rate vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) driver. In order to keep the output power constant with respect to the process, voltage, temperature (PVT) variations, this research proposes automatic power and magnitude. For the fast settling time, the high-speed 10-bit time-interleaved Flash-successive approximation analog to digital converter (Flash-SAR ADC) is proposed and shared for automatic power and magnitude calibration to reduce the die area and power consumption. This chip is fabricated using $0.13-{\mu}m$ CMOS technology and the die area is $4.2mm^2$. The power consumption is 117.84 mW per channel from a 3.3 V supply voltage at 10 Gbps. The measured resolution of bias /modulation current for APC/AMC is 0.015 mA.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.54.2-54.2
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• 2016

Korea Microlensing Telescope Network (KMTNet) is the first optical survey system of its kind in a way that three KMTNet observatories are longitudinally well-separated, and thus have the benefit of 24-hour continuous monitoring of the southern sky. The wide-field and round-the-clock operation capabilities of this network facility are ideal for survey and the physical characterization of small Solar System bodies. We obtain their orbits, absolute magnitudes (H), three dimensional shape models, spin periods and spin states, activity levels based on the time-series broadband photometry. Their approximate surface mineralogy is also identified using colors and band slopes. The automated observation scheduler, the data pipeline, the dedicated computing facility, related research activity and the team members are collectively called 'DEEP-South' (DEep Ecliptic Patrol of Southern sky). DEEP-South observation is being made during the off-season for exoplanet search, yet part of the telescope time is shared in the period between when the Galactic bulge rises early in the morning and sets early in the evening. We present here the observation mode, strategy, software, test runs, early results, and the future plan of DEEP-South.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.9
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• pp.89-99
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• 2019

In the representation of buildings with continuous changes in the curved shape of the surface, countless plans or sections are required, or none of the traditional drawings can explain the geometry of it. In other words, in no case can an ordinary drawing achieve the efficient and clear communication capability which is inherent function of the drawings. As a result, the current architects are introducing their own way of drawing technique which is developed in accordance with a specific curved shape, construction method or company resources, but this is not what can be applied to other cases because it has not been ever shared or agreed in the industry. In this process, the drawing or construction of curved building has been recognized as the exclusive property of a specific expert, or the design and construction without the in-depth understanding of the technology have resulted in the appearance of poor buildings. Therefore, this study aims to present an elements and method that can convey shape information more effectively and clearly in the drawing representation of non-linear buildings and, thus, contributes to lowering the barriers to entry into the field by providing the information to be easily applied to related projects. In order to attain this goal, the drawings of recently completed projects of free form building are analyzed to reveal the method used to effectively express the shape information of the building and to derive new drawing elements that have not been applied to the existing drawings.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.177-185
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• 2024

We developed a regional ocean climate model using dynamic downscaling in the Northwest Pacific Ocean to build a climate model for the Korean Peninsula. The past marine environment was reproduced through historical simulations, and the future marine environment in 2100 was predicted according to the shared socioeconomic pathways (SSP) climate change scenario. The future sea surface temperature of the Korean seas is predicted to rise about 1-4℃, and the increase in water temperature in the East Sea is expected to be the largest. The National Institute of Fisheries Science has monitored abnormal seawater temperatures such as high and low seawater temperatures in coastal and inland waters, and predicted that the number of high seawater temperature days in the East, West, South Sea, and the coast of Jeju Island will increase in the future. In addition, the occurrence of Ciguatera fish poison plankton around Jeju Island was projected to increase. This study is expected to provide accurate forecasting information for fishery issues. The aim of this study was to analyze future ocean environment changes around the Korean Peninsula using climate change SSP scenarios and predict fisheries issues through future projections of the regional ocean climate model.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.288-298
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• 2015

A distribution study of glitter was conducted from a local university building. The potential recipient surfaces chosen were the 1,000 chairs kept in 16 separate classrooms of the building. The surface of chairs contacting with buttocks and back of users were tape lifted with commercial adhesive tapes, and the surface of adhesive tapes were examined with a stereomicroscope to locate the glitters. 12 glitter particles were found from 11 chairs kept in 16 classrooms of a building. This result indicates that the possibility of glitter finding from Korean violent crime scene is high. The 12 glitters found from the chairs were analyzed with a stereomicroscope and an FTIR spectrophotometer to find the matching glitter. The stereomicroscope was used for the observation of the shapes, dimensions, colors and holograms of each glitter, and the FTIR spectrophotometer was used for the analysis of the chemical composition of the coating material of each glitter. The examination results revealed that 8 glitters out of 12 glitters were not sharing the common origin each other. Also, two glitters found from two separate classroom chairs share common microscopic and FTIR spectroscopic characteristics which indicating two glitters share common origin. The record of the students who had used the classrooms was traced and the authors could find that the classrooms where the same glitters were found were shared by a group of students who listen to the same class. This result implies that the path of the involved people should be considered while assessing the value of trace evidence.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.427-436
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• 2020

It is uncertain how global climate change will influence future drought characteristics over the Korean peninsula. This study aims to project the future droughts using climate change and land use change scenarios over the Korean peninsula with the land surface modeling system, i.e., Weather Research and Forecasting Model Hydrological modeling system (WRF-Hydro). The Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) 2.6 and 8.5 are used as future climate scenarios and the Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSPs), specifically SSP2, is adopted for the land use scenario. The using Threshold Level Method (TLM), we identify future hydrological and ecological drought events with runoff and Net Primary Productivity (NPP), respectively, and assess drought characteristics of durations and intensities in different scenarios. Results show that the duration of drought is longer over RCP2.6-SSP2 for near future (2031-2050) and RCP8.5-SSP2 (2080-2099) for the far future for hydrological drought. On the other hand, RCP2.6-SSP2 for the far future and RCP8.5-SSP2 for the near future show longer duration for ecological drought. In addition, the drought intensities in both hydrological and ecological drought show different characteristics with the drought duration. The intensity of the hydrological droughts was greatly affected by threshold level methods and RCP2.6-SSP2 for far future shows the severest intensity. However, for ecological drought, the difference of the intensity among the threshold level is not significant and RCP2.6-SSP2 for near future and RCP2.6-SSP2 for near future show the severest intensity. This study suggests a possible future drought characteristics is in the Korea peninsula using combined climate and land use changes, which will help the community to understand and manage the future drought risks.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.1 no.1_2
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• pp.73-82
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• 1989

The development of eggs and larvae, and minute scale-like tubercles on the skin surface of the larval Acanthorthodeus asmussi from Korea were observed in the laboratory. The egg was nearly ovoid-shaped. The number of egg averaged 195 per an oviposition. The morphological character of larval development was relatively similar to those of Acheilognathus tabira tabira, A. tabira subsp. (a), A. yamatsutae, A. moriokae, A. cyanostigma and A. rhombeus. The larvae of this species had many scale-like tubercles ellipsoided in a diagonal cross section on the skin surface of the body. And also this species moved like incessant wiggly movement pattern as that of fly maggot duing the larval development. As regards the tubercles and larval movement pattern, the larvae of A. asmussi shared similar characters with those of Acheilognathus rhombeus, A. longipinnis and Pseudoperilampus typos. Hence A. asmussi may be closely related to these species. The latter three species are autumn-spawning bitterlings and the larval development always retard in a certain stage, while A. asmussi is a spring-summer spawning species and the larval development never retards. Judging from these facts, it should be considered that there are close relations in evolutionary trend between the two spawning species.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.268-276
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• 2010

Earthquake Hazard Mitigation Law was activated into force on March 2009. By the law, the obligation to monitor the effect of earthquake on the facilities was extended to many organizations such as gas company and local governments. Based on the estimation of National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA), the number of free-surface acceleration stations would be expanded to more than 400. The advent of internet protocol and the more simplified operation have allowed the quick and easy installation of seismic stations. In addition, the dynamic range of seismic instruments has been continuously improved enough to evaluate damage intensity and to alert alarm directly for earthquake hazard mitigation. For direct visualization of damage intensity and area, Real Time Intensity COlor Mapping (RTICOM) is explained in detail. RTICOM would be used to retrieve the essential information for damage evaluation, Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA). Destructive earthquake damage is usually due to surface waves which just follow S wave. The peak amplitude of surface wave would be pre-estimated from the amplitude and frequency content of first arrival P wave. Earthquake Early Warning (EEW) system is conventionally defined to estimate local magnitude from P wave. The status of EEW is reviewed and the application of EEW to Odesan earthquake is exampled with ShakeMap in order to make clear its appearance. In the sense of rapidity, the earthquake announcement of Korea Meteorological Agency (KMA) might be dramatically improved by the adaption of EEW. In order to realize hazard mitigation, EEW should be applied to the local crucial facilities such as nuclear power plants and fragile semi-conduct plant. The distributed EEW is introduced with the application example of Uljin earthquake. Not only Nation-wide but also locally distributed EEW applications, all relevant information is needed to be shared in real time. The plan of extension of Korea Integrated Seismic System (KISS) is briefly explained in order to future cooperation of data sharing and utilization.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.122-126
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• 2016

In June 2015, an exhibited typical signs and symptoms of brown rot was observed on fruit of Apricot cvs. Modern and Alexander at an incidence of 5% of fruit in Jeonju, Korea. Early symptoms on fruit showed small, circular, light brown spots that eventually destroyed the entire fruit. Small sporodochia appeared on the fruit surface. Fruit susceptibility to brown rot increases during the 1 to 2 weeks period prior to harvest. The conidia were one-celled, hyaline, lemon-shaped, $14.6-18.0{\times}8.5-11{\mu}m$, and borne in branched monilioid chains. Based on the morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of internal transcribed spacer (ITS), the fungus was identified as Monilinia fructicola. A BLAST search revealed that sequences of the fungus shared 100% identity to those of M. fructicola. Pathogenicity of a representative isolate was proved by artificial inoculation, fulfilling Koch's postulates. To our knowledge, this is the first confirmed report on the occurrence of M. fructicola on apricot in Korea.