• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.271-289
• /
• 2007

Regional festivals had not been for regional economy in the past. However, they have recently become an important way for place marketing, and regional festivals to improve regional economy have been increasing rapidly. In this context, the work proposes to examine the types of regional festivals and the features of territorial assets utilizing for the regional festivals in Kyungbuk province, Korea. In Kyungbuk, regional festivals have rapidly increased with the conduction of local autonomy since 1996. While their number was only 14 until 1995, it increased to 66 as of 2006. The regional festivals can be classified into traditional folk-type cultural art-type, industrial spatiality-type and tourism event-type. All of the regional festivals that have emerged since the late 1990s are industrial spatiality-type or tourism event-type. Both of these types share about two-thirds of total regional festivals in Kyungbuk. The most serious problem in the regional festivals of Kyungbuk is that they are becoming similar each other in the period of festivals and territorial assets. Near 90% of festivals hold for 5 months, in April, May, July, August, September, October and over 40% only for 2 months, in May and September. In addition, 27 of total 66 festivals utilize similar territorial assets. Especially, the trend of duplication is stronger in natural ecological assets and industrial specialty assets. Place marketing strategy needs to be more focused on cultural assets.

• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.35-44
• /
• 2013

Purpose - This study aims to (a) analyze local citizens' perception of a local company, the Gwangyang Steel and Iron Company (GSIC); (b) compare the perception toward the local company with that of national citizens' perceptions towards many other unspecified companies, which were surveyed biannually by The Korea Chamber of Commerce and Industry (KCCI); and (c) analyze how such companies evaluate perceptions towards them, in relation to citizens' socioeconomic position, such as their education status. Research design, data, methodology - The data were collected using a questionnaire, which was given to a sample of local citizens in cities. To test the hypotheses, factor analyses, a t-test, and an ANOVA were conducted. The total number of respondents was 1798. The data gathered from the respondents of the sample were analyzed using SPSS Win 19.0 software. Perception towards the company was evaluated on the corporate favorite index (CFI). The CFI index shows how positive citizens feel towards a company. It is calculated using five leading factors, consisting of the following: contribution to the economy, productivity, international competitiveness, social contribution, and ethical management. The higher the level of positive feelings exhibited, the closer the index will come to 100. Results - As a result of the analysis, the CFI index towards the GSIC stood at 67.3. The CFI index towards the company is 16.5 points higher than that of the index towards the many other unspecified companies, which were surveyed by the bi-annual KCCI study in the first half of 2011. The other five indexes stood as follows: contribution to the economy, productivity, social contribution, and ethical management was 69.2, 71.2, 64.6, and 58.6, respectively. These indexes are 18.3, 4.6, 27.6, and 35.6, respectively, higher than those found by the KCCI study. However, international competitiveness is 73.0 (9.8 points lower than that of the KCCI study). This survey thus shows that the CFI of the local citizens towards the global company GSIC is very high when compared with the CFI index towards the many other unspecified companies that was determined by the KCCI survey. Conclusions - This survey shows that local citizens have high expectations of economic activity, increasing working opportunities, and regional cooperation projects from the local company, GSIC. In addition, the CFI index towards GSIC evaluates results depending on the respondent's relationship with the company, and their educational status. Respondents, whose family or relatives were working as employees of GSIC, have relatively positive perceptions of GSIC, and respondents with a relatively higher educational status also share positive perceptions. Local citizens expect the profit-making of the company to operate in accordance with management activities, and at the same time, they expect that the wealth generated by the company will return to wider society.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.165-175
• /
• 1994

An emergy analysis of the main energy flows driving the economy of humans and life support systems was made including environmental energies, fuels, and imports, all expressed as solar emjoules. The total emergy use (4, 373 E20 sej/yr) is 90 per cent from imported sources, fuels and goods and services. The emergy flows from the environment are modest, because the share of global inputs such as ruin and geological uplift flux is modest. Consequently, the ratio of outside investment to attracting natural resources is already large, like other industrialized countries. The population level is already in excess of carrying capacity. The emergy use per person in Korea indicates a moderate emergy standard of living, even though the indigenous resource is very poor. If the present economy were running entirely on stored reserves of fuels, soils, woods, etc., it would last about 2 years. Its carrying capacity for steady state on its renewable sources is only 3.3 million people, compared to 43.3 million in 1991. Continued availability of foreign oil at a favorable balance of emergy trade, currently about 7 to 1 net emergy, is the basis for present economic activity and must decrease as the net emergy of foreign oil purchased goes down. Close economic integration with Middle East may determine how long this is possible in the future.

• Korea Real Estate Review
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.51-61
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study is to find out the implications for the activation of the real estate industry by comparing the structure of production and distribution, as well as the industrial linkage, of Korean real estate industry with that of the US through an input-output analysis. This study employed the World Input-Output Database (WIOD) provided by the EU in 2016. The results are as follows. First, while the share of the Korean real estate industry in the national economy has been steadily decreasing since the year 2000, the real estate industry of the United States is increasing. Second, both Korean and US real estate businesses have higher value added rates than the industry average, but the intermediate demand rate is lower than the industry average. Furthermore, the intermediate input rate and intermediate demand rate of the Korean real estate industry were lower than that of the US. Third, the change in the final demand for the Korean real estate industry has a lower production and value added effect on the national economy than that of the United States. Fourth, the industrial linkage of the US real estate industry is larger and broader than that of Korea. Finally, it is suggested that a policy to increase the industrial linkage of real estate industry with high value-added industries is needed in order to revitalize Korea's real estate industry.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.1-20
• /
• 2019

This study aims to establish a method for activating Korean ship finance through an analysis on the development of Chinese ship finance market, which has grown rapidly in recent years. It focuses on its main institutions, laws and policies, strengths and weaknesses, market share, and development status. Because 80.7% of South Korea's economy depends upon foreign trade and 99.7% of the South Korea's traded volume is transported by ships, shipping has assumed an important role in Korean economy. However, since the global financial crisis, Korean shipping and shipbuilding industry has been facing difficulties and Hanjin, the biggest Korean shipping company, went bankrupt in 2017. One of the key aspects of the competitiveness of the shipping and shipbuilding industry is acquiring competitive shipping assets; therefore, stable and smooth supply of ship finance is crucial for the development of the shipping and shipbuilding industry. Given this background, the study analyzed how the Chinese ship finance market has grown rapidly in the past 30 years and identified the problems, strengths, and weaknesses of the Chinese ship finance. The analysis on the status of the Chinese ship finance market is expected to suggest a direction for establishing methods for activating the Korean ship finance market, which is facing scarcity of finance, even as the global ship finance market has remained depressed since the global financial crisis. Although this study focused exclusively on the Chinese market, future research can draw conclusions from a comparative analysis that includes the Japanese ship finance market; the conclusions obtained would contribute to the establishment of long-term policies and plans for Korean ship finance.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
• /
• v.36 no.2
• /
• pp.13-24
• /
• 2020

In modern society, the number of one-person households is increasing significantly. In particular, one-person households have rapidly increased around local small and medium-sized cities. This study examines the characteristics of local small and medium-sized cities by factor and cluster analysis. Analysis of variance are applied to the characteristics of one-person household in different local cities to find the relationship between different types of cities and the characteristics of one-person households. As a result of the study, local small and medium-sized cities are classified into growth stagnation cities, industrial leading cities, regional base cities, and population outflow cities. It is also found that there are several different types of local cities based on the characteristics of one-person households. The growth stagnation city is a city where the regional economy is revitalized due to the development of regional industries in the past. One-person households have a small age group in their 30s and 40s, which are the basis of industrial activities. They have a high proportion of older generation living in more than three rooms in their homes. It is necessary to supply long-term public rental housing and share houses for older generation. The leading city of the industry is a city where the local economy is revitalized as workers are concentrated. One-person households are evenly distributed among all age groups, and the apartment occupancy rate is the highest compared to other types. It is necessary to provide happy housing for youth generation and reconstruction or renovation housing of manhood generation. The regional base city leads the regional base function and the regional economy, but it has reduced workers. Many of one-person households are younger than 30 years old and college educated. They are also high rate of unmarried and live at one room as rental houses. It is needed to expand the supply of small houses such as apartments, officetels and rented houses for youth generation. The population outflow city has a slow local economy and a rural residential environment. It is found that the households of one-person households have high rate of bereavement and the age. They live more than four rooms in single-family homes. It is necessary not only to provide welfare housing but also to create a sound residential environment where cultural exchange is possible.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.147-175
• /
• 2006

One of the biggest problems of Korean economy is polarization of firms for export and domestic demand and that of conglomerates and SME's achievement. One of the culprits lies weakness of intermediate industry such as machine tool. Since intermediate industry is important path where export performance affects domestic demand and whose actor usually is SMEs with high spill over effect in labor market. Especially, intermediate industry Is vulnerable because of industrial policy biased In backward linkage effect. However if a country fails to develop intermediate industry above some critical point, that country would fall in low-tech equilibrium without growth. In case of benign circle where final goods industry growth leads growth of intermediate industry and again it leads that of final goods industry, it can reach high-tech equilibrium. By contrast, in opposite case where in industrialization latecomer fails to link industries likewise above some critical point that country would fall in low-tech equilibrium without growth. Moreover, for several reasons, machine tool firms of Korea have difficulty in catching up technology above critical point. Firstly. Conglomerate demander neglects their product. Secondly, even after success of development overcoming difficulties they fail to get market share for response of dumping of foreign competitors. And the last one is patent litigation of foreign competitors that incapacitate the technology development. For these, Korean machine tool firms fell in 'middle-income country trap' itself, since they stuck in some extent when they technologically catch up. Consequently, for latecomer country in machine tool industry to leapfrog meaningfully policy support is necessary, Weak intermediate industry does not Induce domestic firms and remained fragile. Therefore, localization, policy should reflect condition of technological catch up more than before, in order to be effective and fruitful. There should be turning point over relationship between conglomerates, major demander of machine tool and SME's, for only with active purchasing of conglomerate Korean machine industry can grow.

• World Technopolis Review
• /
• v.1 no.3
• /
• pp.192-205
• /
• 2012

Globalization has fuelled the desire for simplicity and flexibility in rules and processes within nations. de Soto (2000) calls for the simplification of rules to enable people to join the formal economy. Friedman (2005) echoes the need for simpler rules, to attract business and capital. Market-based approaches to governing have been adopted in many nations due to globalization. Recent developments demonstrate that such approaches fail. Globalization may lead to impoverishment in the absence of proper forms of governance (Cooney 2000). That is why it has the tendency to become a "race to the bottom." Regulatory measures can be costly, and the costs of doing business are uneven across nations. This unevenness is being used as a comparative advantage. Others call this regulatory competition (Smith-Bozek 2007) or competitive governance (Schachtel and Sahmel 2000), which is similar to the model of Charles Tiebout. Collaborative governance is an approach that governments could use in lieu of the competitive method. Mechanisms that enable stakeholders to exchange information, harmonize activities, share resources, and enhance capacities (Himmelman 2002) are needed. Philippine public policy encourages a shift in modes of realizing labor market governance outcomes from command to collaboration (Sale and Bool 2010B; Sale 2011). Is labor market governance and regional development in the Philippines collaborative? Or is the opposite - competitive governance (Tiebout model) - more evident? What is the dominant approach? This preliminary research tackles these questions by looking at recent data on average and minimum wages, wage differentials, trade union density, collective bargaining coverage, small and bigger enterprises, employment, unemployment and underemployment, inflation, poverty incidence, labor productivity, family income, among others, across regions of the country. The issue is studied in the context of legal origins. Cultural explanations are broached.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.355-362
• /
• 2013

Korean construction companies has maintained stable market share based on high technology and cost competitiveness although international construction market has been stalled due to increasingly global economy uncertainties. In order to promote the continuous growth and development of overseas construction, Korean construction companies need to secure overseas market information, and to be strongly competitive. Therefore, this study aims to analysis of competitiveness for international construction by business types, in order to enter the Vietnamese infrastructure market, which presents abundant development potential. According to the IPA results, Korean construction industry has weaknesses in its ability to obtain business information and experience, which are the most important factors in entering the overseas construction market, and also presents a lack of feasibility study for creating new construction business. However, this work is still considered to provide the basic data that can help Korean construction companies who plan to enter the Vietnamese infrastructure market strengthen their medium and long-term capabilities.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.18 no.6
• /
• pp.65-79
• /
• 2020

With the rapid development of China's economy, the aviation industry, as an important part of transportation services, has undoubtedly achieved rapid development. However, there is hardly any academic work that was based on the development of the top airlines in the Chinese airline industry. Hence, this study provides empirical research that takes into account the longitudinal development of the top 20 airlines in China from 2009 to 2018. The throughput volumes (cargo and passenger) of the airlines were analyzed by concentration indicators, namely the concentration ratio (CR), the Herfindahl- Hirschman index (HHI), the Gini coefficient, and the shift-share analysis (SSA). In this paper, the top 20 airlines have been analyzed in terms of the passenger and cargo throughput from 2009 to 2018. The calculation results of CR6, HHI and the Gini coefficient show that the airlines were extremely deconcentrated. In addition, by comparing the ABSGR of passenger and cargo throughput, it is shown that China's aviation industry is dominated by four airlines- Air China, China Eastern Airlines, China Southern Airlines and Hainan Airlines. In the future study, it is necessary to explore growth strategies to find niche markets for passenger and cargo transportation.