• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.381-390
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• 2018

Shape memory alloys(SMAs) have revolutionized the material engineering sciences as they exhibit exclusive features i.e. shape memory effect(SME) and super-elasticity. SMAs are those alloys that when deform return to their predeformed shape upon heating, they also restore their original shape by removing the load. Research on properties of newly advent of several types of ferrous based shape memory alloys(Fe-SMAs), shows that they have immense potential to be the counterpart of Nitinol(NiTi-SMA). These Fe-SMAs have been used and found to be effective because of their low cost, high cold workability, good weldability & excellent characteristics comparing with Nitinol(high processing cost and low cold workability) SMAs. Some of the Fe-SMAs show super-elasticity. Fe-SMAs, especially Fe-Mn-Si alloys have an immense potential for civil engineering structures because of its unique properties e.g. two-way shape memory effect, super elasticity and shape memory effect as well as due to its low cost, high elastic stiffness and wide transformation hysteresis comparative to Nitinol. Further research is being conducted on SMAs to improve and impinge better attributes by improving the material compositions, quantifying the SMA phase transition temperature etc. In this research pre-existing Fe-SMAs are categorised and collected in a tabulated form. An analysis is performed that which category is mostly available. Last 50 years data of Fe-SMA publications and US Patents is collected to show its importance in terms of increasing research on such type of alloys to invent different compositions and applications. This data is analysed as per different year groups during last 50 years and it was analysed as per whether the keywords exist in title of an article or anywhere in the article. It was found that different keywords related to Fe-SMAs/categories of Fe-SMAs, almost don't exist in the title of articles. However, these keywords related to Fe-SMAs/categories of Fe-SMAs, exist inside the article but still there are not too many publications related to Fe-SMAs/categories of Fe-SMAs.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.328-332
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• 2006

Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) copolymers cross-linked with pentaerythritol, a four-way cross-linker, are prepared to compare their mechanical and shape memory properties with the one cross-linked by glycerol. Composition of PEG and pentaerythritol is varied to search for the one with the best mechanical and shape memory properties. The highest shape recovery rate is observed for the copolymer composed of 30 mol% PEG-200 and 2.5 mol% pentaerythritol. Four-way cross-linking by pentaerythritol significantly improves shape recovery rate and retention of high shape recovery rate after repeated use compared to the one cross-linked by glycerol, a three-way cross-linker, and difference and advantage of additional cross-linking point are discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.328-338
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• 2007

One of main advantages of composite using smart material as reinforcement can be controlled cracks behavior inside the composite. If the smart composite is applied as part of the structure, the use of the shape memory effect of the smart material is the best way to protect the propagation of cracks generated in the structure while use. In this study, the optical manufacturing conditions for the smart composite were derived. In order to evaluate the shape memory effect by shape memory alloy, the tensile load was applied to the smart composite and stress distribution was inspected. And then, the smart composite was heated to a certain temperature and the shape memory alloy would shrink to the original shape. Finally, at this point the recovering status of stress using photoelastic instrument was discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.11-16
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• 2007

The fatigue properties of Ti-Ni shape memory alloy wires were investigated. In Ni-rich Ti-Ni shape memory alloys, $Ti_3Ni_4$ precipitates formed by aging treatments are believed to vary the shape memory and mechanical properties. In this study, the effect of aging temperature and aging time on shape memory properties and fatigue life were investigated using Ti-50.9 at% Ni alloy wires. The specimens were solution-treated at 1073 K for 3.6 ks followed by aging at 573 K, 673 K and 773 K for periods between 3.6 ks and 3600 ks. It was found that the fatigue life under a constant stress decreased with increasing aging temperature. When the specimens were aged at 573 K for periods between 36 ks and 360 ks, superior shape memory and fatigue properties were obtained. The fatigue life also decreased when the test temperature and strain amplitude increased. It was concluded that the fatigue life exhibited a linear relationship with the critical stress for slip.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.42-46
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• 1999

The strengthening of a metal matrix composite(MMC) by the shape memory effect(SME) of dispersed TiNi particles was theoretically studied. An analytical model was constructed for the prediction of the average residual stress(<$\delta$>m) on the base of the Eshelby's equivalent inclusion method. The analysis was performed on the TiNi particle/Al metal matrix composites with varying volume fractions and prestrains of the particle. The residual stress caused by the shape memory of predeformed fillers has been predicted to contribute significantly to the strengthening of this composite.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.32 no.12
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• pp.1153-1160
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• 2008

In this paper, the algorithm of Abaqus UMAT is introduced to analyze the shape memory alloy. The SMA has two main effects which show non-linearity. Due to this, it is hard to analyze SMA using analysis tools and to describe all of two effects. Therefore, in this study, the program using Abaqus UMAT based on Modified Brinson model is used to analyze SMA. The martensite fraction, the most important factor which defines SMA motion, is also calculated by Fortran program in UMAT. In addition, the tensile test of SMA specimen is conducted. The availability of algorithm is proved by comparing analysis to experimental result.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers Conference
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• 1999.05a
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• pp.147-152
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• 1999

The strengthening of a metal matrix composite(MMC) by the shape memory effect(SME) of dispersed TiNi particles was theoretically studied. An analytical model was constructed for the prediction of the average residual stress(<$\sigma$>/sub/m) on the base of the Eshelby's equivalent inclusion method. The analysis was performed on the TiNi particle/Al metal matrix composites with varying volume fractions and prestrains of the particle. The residual stress caused by the shape memory of predeformed fillers has been predicted to contribute significantly to the strengthening of this composite.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.424-429
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• 1996

Thin films of Ti-Ni alloy were formed by sputtering under various Ar gas pressures and r. f. powers to investigate the optimum sputtering conditions and to demonstrate their shape memory effect. The composition and structure of the films were examined by electron micro-probe analysis and scanning electron microscope. These films were annealed in order to crystallize them. The mechanical property of the annealed films was evaluated by a conventional bending test. The transformation tmeperatures were determined by differential scanning calorimetry. The shape memory behaviour was examined quantiatatively by changing in sample temperature under various constant loads. It was found that the Ar gas pressure had a critical effect on the mechanical property of the thin film,s although the r.f. power also affected it. The films formed at a high Ar gas pressure were too brittle to be bent successfully. However, the films formed at a low Ar gas pressur could be bent and their shape memory behavior was found to be comparable with that of bulk Ti-Ni alloys.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.58-66
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• 1989

The effect of heat treating temperature and ${\alpha}$ phase In the ${\beta}$ phase matrix were investigated for ${\beta}-CuZnAl$ shape memory alloys by tension test, fatigue test, and shape memory effect test. After heat treatment at $677^{\circ}C$, $750^{\circ}C$, $800^{\circ}C$ and $850^{\circ}C$ for 10 min. respectively, static fracture stress(${\sigma}_f$), fatigue fracture stress(${\tau}_{max}$) at $10^6$ cycle, and elongation(${\epsilon}_f$) was $24.2kg/mm^2$, $17.21kg/mm^2$ and 11.8%, respectively. As heat treating temperature decreased, fracture surfaces of the specimens were changed from the intergranular to the transgranular fracture mode. Especially, the a phase precipitated in the ${\beta}$ phase matrix had an effect on crack propagation and the fracture surface was characterized by dimple-like pattern when crack propagated in transgranular cracking mode. Precipitation of the ${\alpha}$ phase in the ${\beta}$ phase matrix lowered the transformation temperature by $10^{\circ}C$, and about 2.5 vol.% ${\alpha}$ phase did not affect the shape memory effect examined by the bending test.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.353-365
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• 2023

Shape memory alloys (SMAs) have emerged as a novel functional material that is being increasingly applied in diverse fields including medical, aeronautical and structural engineering to be used in the active, passive and semi-active structural control devices. This paper is mainly aimed at evaluating the ductility and response modification factor of the steel plate shear wall (SPSW) frames with and without the Ni-Ti shape memory alloys. To this end, different configurations were utilized, in which the walls were used in the first, third, middle, and all stories. The models were numerically analyzed using OpenSees Software. The obtained results indicate that improving the shape memory properties of alloys can greatly enhance the ductility and response modification factor. Furthermore, the model whose first and third stories are equipped with the SMA shear wall was found to be 290% more ductile, with a greater response modification factor compared to the unequipped frame.