• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.1221-1229
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• 1996

This paper proposes a heuristic algorithm for low power implementation of combinational circuits. Selecting an input variable for a given function, the proposed algorithm performs Shannon exansion with respect to the variable to reduce the number of gates in the subcircuit realizing the coffactor function, reducting the power dissipation of the implemented circuit. experimental results for the MCNC benchmarks show that the proposed algorithm is effective by generating the circuits consuming the power 48.9% less on the average, when compared to the previous algorithm based on precomputation logic.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.353-365
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• 2017

In this article, we proposed a new three-parameter distribution called generalized half-logistic Poisson distribution with a failure rate function that can be increasing, decreasing or upside-down bathtub-shaped depending on its parameters. The new model extends the half-logistic Poisson distribution and has exponentiated half-logistic as its limiting distribution. A comprehensive mathematical and statistical treatment of the new distribution is provided. We provide an explicit expression for the $r^{th}$ moment, moment generating function, Shannon entropy and $R{\acute{e}}nyi$ entropy. The model parameter estimation was conducted via a maximum likelihood method; in addition, the existence and uniqueness of maximum likelihood estimations are analyzed under potential conditions. Finally, an application of the new distribution to a real dataset shows the flexibility and potentiality of the proposed distribution.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제27권12호
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• pp.2089-2093
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• 2017

The past decades have been a golden era during which great tasks were accomplished in the field of microbiology, including food microbiology. In the past, culture-dependent methods have been the primary choice to investigate bacterial diversity. However, using culturein-dependent high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes has greatly facilitated studies exploring the microbial compositions and dynamics associated with health and diseases. These culture-independent DNA-based studies generate large-scale data sets that describe the microbial composition of a certain niche. Consequently, understanding microbial diversity becomes of greater importance when investigating the composition, function, and dynamics of the microbiota associated with health and diseases. Even though there is no general agreement on which diversity index is the best to use, diversity indices have been used to compare the diversity among samples and between treatments with controls. Tools such as the Shannon-Weaver index and Simpson index can be used to describe population diversity in samples. The purpose of this review is to explain the principles of diversity indices, such as Shannon-Weaver and Simpson, to aid general microbiologists in better understanding bacterial communities. In this review, important questions concerning microbial diversity are addressed. Information from this review should facilitate evidence-based strategies to explore microbial communities.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.204-217
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• 2022

Background: Increasing land demands for food production have led to biodiversity loss and land degradation in the Madhupur Sal forest. Reforestation activities such as agroforestry and woodlot plantation support the conservation of diversity, restoration of forest and prevention of soil erosion in degraded natural Sal forest. Knowing about these reforestation activities, this study is needed to compare the species composition, richness, and soil nutrients of these two plantation activities to the natural Sal forest in the degraded Madhupur Sal forest in Bangladesh. Results: The analysis showed that in between the reforestation activities, the highest Shannon-Wiener index (1.79), evenness (0.60) and Simpson's index (0.79) were found in the agroforestry site compared to the woodlot plantation site. On the contrary, the highest species richness (n = 14), tree basal area (19.56 m² ha^-1), Margalef's index (1.96) were recorded in woodlot plantation than in the agroforestry site. We observed that at 0-15 cm depth, soil organic matter (2.39%), total nitrogen (0.14%), available phosphorous (62.67 ㎍ g^-1) and exchangeable potassium (0.36 meq/100 g) in agroforestry plots were significantly higher compared to other forest sites. At topsoil (15-30 cm depth), soil organic matter (1.67%) and available phosphorous (21.09 ㎍ g^-1) were found to be higher in agroforestry site. Conclusions: Both reforestation approaches improved soil function, although woodlot plantation had the higher species richness. Therefore, plantation activities by the sustainable implementation of these two practices are the best alternative to restore the biodiversity, richness and conserve soil fertility in the Madhupur Sal forest of Bangladesh.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.21-26
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• 1982

Fourteen cases of funnel deformity, 11 were male and the others female, treated over a eleven-year period, are presented. The overall results with the methods described by the authors, Wada, Shannon, Adkins and Ravitch appear to be excellent. The symmetric depression was more common In children under the age of 12 years and asymmetric one Increased after the age of 12. Six cases of abnormal cardiac auscultatory findings revealed no consistent hemodynamic abnormalities. An 21-year-old female was associated with left lung agenesis and dextroversion of the heart, and a 6-year-old boy with congenital bronchogenic cyst who underwent right upper lobectomy. EKG changes associated with the anomaly were observed in all. Pulmonary function test showed the range from normal to moderate restriction which did not Improve in only one patient after operation, but the patient did not complain any restriction In activity. Some transient complications were developed which resulted in improvement.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.297-300
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• 2008

The capacity of ultra-wideband (UWB) systems in presence of narrowband interference (NBI) is studied. By appropriately modifying the Shannon capacity formula, an analytical expression for the capacity of M-ary pulse position modulation (PPM) signals in the presence of NBI is obtained. Performance evaluation results for the capacity of such signals as a function of the NBI carrier frequency and power are also presented.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.1390-1397
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• 1996

In this paper, in case of segmenting an image by a fuzzy entropy, an image segmentation algorithm is derived under an extended fuzzy entropy including the probabilistic including the probabilistic information in order to cover the toal uncertainty of information contained in fuzzy sets. By describing the image with fuzzysets, the total uncertainty of a fuzzy set consists of the uncertain information arising from its fuzziness and the uncertain information arising from the randomness in its ordinary set. To optimally segment all the boundary regions in the image, the total entropy function is computed by locally applving the fuzzy and Shannon entropies within the width of the fuzzy regions and the image is segmented withthe global maximum andlocal maximawhich correspond to the boundary regions. Comtional one by detecting theboundary regions more than 5 times.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.93-101
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• 2010

A true random number generator (TRNG) is widely used to generate secure random numbers for encryption, digital signatures, authentication, and so on in crypto-systems. Since TRNG is vulnerable to environmental changes, a deterministic function is normally used to reduce bias and improve the statistical properties of the TRNG output. In this paper, we propose a linear corrector for secure TRNG. The performance of a linear corrector is bounded by the minimum distance of the corresponding linear error correcting code. However, we show that it is possible to construct a linear corrector overcoming the minimum distance limitation. The proposed linear corrector shows better performance in terms of removing bias in that it can enlarge the acceptable bias range of the raw TRNG output. Moreover, it is possible to efficiently implement this linear corrector using only XOR gates, which must have a suitable hardware size for embedded security systems.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.73-80
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• 2019

In this paper, we propose an effective dynamic range compression (DRC) method of infrared images. A histogram of infrared images has narrow dynamic range compared to visible images. Hence, it is important to apply the effective DRC algorithm for high performance of an infrared image analysis. The proposed algorithm for high dynamic range divides an infrared image into the overlapped blocks and calculates Shannon's entropy of overlapped blocks. After that, we classify each block according to the value of entropy and apply adaptive histogram modification method each overlapped block. We make an intensity mapping function through result of the adaptive histogram modification method which is using standard-deviation and maximum value of histogram of classified blocks. Lastly, in order to reduce block artifact, we apply hanning window to the overlapped blocks. In experimental result, the proposed method showed better performance of dynamic range compression compared to previous algorithms.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.149-163
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• 2015

The aim of the present study was to assess the variation in species composition and diversity of woody species at different altitudes (900 to 2600 m asl) in Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary (KWLS) and its adjoining areas in Garhwal Himalaya, India. A total of 94 woody plant species (including 44 tree and 50 shrub species) belonging to 72 genera and 44 families were reported. Density varied from $235{\pm}9$ to $505{\pm}21trees\;ha^{-1}$ and $4,730{\pm}474$ to $9,530{\pm}700shrubs\;ha^{-1}$. Total basal cover varied from $10.49{\pm}0.66$ to $42.92{\pm}2.57m^2ha^{-1}$ (trees) and $0.36{\pm}0.024$ to $0.62{\pm}0.047m^2ha^{-1}$ (shrubs). Shannon-Wiener Index fluctuated between 2.30 to 3.53 (trees) and 2.74 to 3.78 (shrubs). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that altitude and aspect had significant effect on the distribution of woody species. Taxonomically, Rosaceae with 15 species emerged as the dominant family. Low value of maturity index and contiguous distribution of species denoted the early successional status of the studied forests. The conservation assessment based on altitudinal regimes and the information on species structure and function can provide baseline information for monitoring and sustaining the biodiversity.