• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.123-127
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• 2003

The cold rolling conditions for the ultra thin steel for tension mask are very important because the residual stress that affects the flatness of strip is generate during the cold rolling. The residual stress in the sheet causes etching curls when it suffers perforation process. The residual stress through the thickness. To estimate the residual stress and deformation due to etching curl. FEM analysis is performed. Numerical simulation employ a ANSY5 5.6 and an elastic-plastic constitutive equation. The simulation results indicate the distribution of residual stress in the rolled sheet can be controlled by selecting the rolling conditions properly.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.22-30
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• 2009

Recently, energy efficiency is important in Korea. This paper reviews shadow amount to perform economic analysis for CHP that converts existing equipment in industrial area. It is verified that shadow amount analyze effects of gas and electric demand.

• Journal of KSNVE
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.123-132
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• 1995

The microphonic phenomenon in TV(television) is a phenomenon that a stained pattern locally appears in the screen or moves like waves. This can be observed when audio signal of TV has specific frequencies under loud volume of sound. In this study, microphonic phenomenon has been investigated, and two practical ways of circumventing this has been proposed. Based on modal analysis of several TV parts(Cathod Ray Tube, shadowmask, etc.), it was proved that the microphonic phenomenon is caused by the resonance of the shadow mask. One of the proposed ways to circumvent this phenonenon is increasing the thickness of the frame, the other is removing the middle welding points between the frame and the shadow mask. The effects of these modifications are evaluated by the finite element analysis, and the results show that the magnitude of vibration of shadow mask reduced by 10 - 20dB, which is large enough to provent microphonic phenomenon even under maximum level of sound volume.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.39 no.12
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• pp.75-91
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• 2023

In this study, we explore the use of ground penetrating radar (GPR) for the nondestructive survey of subsurface conduits, focusing on the challenges posed by multichannel environments. A key concern is the shadow regions created by conduits, which significantly impact survey results. The shadow regions, which are influenced by conduit position and diameter, hinder signal propagation, thereby making detection within these regions challenging. Using finite-difference time-domain numerical analysis, we examined the characteristics of conduit signals, which typically manifest in hyperbolic patterns. Particularly, we investigated three conduit arrangements: horizontal, vertical, and diagonal. Automatic gain control was applied to amplify the signals, enabling the analysis of variations in shadow regions and signal characteristics for each arrangement. In the horizontal arrangement, the proximity of the two conduits resulted in the emergence of a new hyperbolic pattern between the existing conduits. In the vertical arrangement, the lower conduit could be detected using hyperbolic signals on either side, but the detection was challenging when the upper conduit diameter exceeded that of the lower conduit. In the diagonal arrangement, signal characteristics varied based on the position of shadow regions relative to the detection range of the equipment. Asymmetrical signal patterns were observed when the shadow regions fell within the detection range, whereas the signals of the two conduits were minimally impacted when the shadow regions were outside the detection range. This study provides vital insights into accurately detecting and characterizing subsurface multichannel conduits using GPR-a significant contribution to the field of subsurface exploration and management.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.509-519
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to present important guidelines for effective eye-shadow color coordination according to T.P.O. such as 'Day time to Night', 'Special Occasions', 'Holiday Accents', 'Seasonal Looks' and 'Animated Characters'. The method is as follows; This study examined the 100 works of her published in the?500 EYE MAKEUP DESIGNS?. For this research analysis, three specialists selected a total of 100 photo-works through 3 rounds of evaluation. This study analysis was conducted based on the colors and tones of eye-shadows identified under Munsell's basic color chart. The study findings are as follows; First, 'Day time to Night' was found to have similarity coloration most frequently, presenting a more stable look in the Natural makeup. Second, 'Special Occasions' showed similarity, accent, and complex colorations mainly. Third, 'Holiday Accents' showed diverse types of colorations such as accent, complex, similarity and contrast. Forth, 'Seasonal Looks' was found to use a variety of colorations including similarity, contrast, accent, gradation and complex. Fifth, 'Animated Characters' showed contrast coloration the most for dramatic effect along with accent and complex colorations to give a unique and symbolic look. The color scheme database(DB) obtained in this study will be present important guidelines for future in eye-shadow makeup design.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.727-745
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• 2015

This paper analyzes the firms' optimization behavior in response to rising demand for non-priced renewable energy in the manufacturing industries by using an input distance function. The annual estimates of the shadow price of renewable energy is derived and the trend of its shadow price over time is analyzed. The degree of substitution of renewable energy for fossil-fuels is examined. The input-based Malmquist productivity index, defined as a composite of the technical efficiency and technical change measures, is measured. The contribution of renewable energy input growth to the Malmquist index is analyzed. Empirical results indicate that the shadow price of renewable energy declined at an average annual rate of 17% over the period 1992-2012. Substitutability between renewable energy and fossil-fuels was limited. On average, a 1% increase in renewable energy would decrease Malmquist index by 0.04% per year.

• Informatization Policy
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.86-108
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• 2023

This study attempts to explain phenomenologically the shadow work that occurs among Kwangju·Jeonnam business support counselors as video consultation increases due to the counseling management systems used in business consulting for SMEs and digital transformation since COVID-19. Since digital shadow work is widespread, it has been considered basic and mandatory work, not recognized as shadow work itself, assuming that it is continuously used for a long time. We found that, in the case of the newly expanded video consulting systems, most of the users complain of burden and inconvenience and tend to choose face-to-face despite the time and cost savings associated with the former. These study results practically suggest that, in order to implement such digital systems successfully, a well-prepared system, an elaborate way of reducing the burden and inconvenience, and an adaptation period are considered critical as they can minimize the shadow work of users.

• Informatization Policy
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.62-88
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• 2023

While the introduction of kiosk has become an essential element, enjoying the effect of labor cost reduction, it has not been able to embrace the senior population due to the digital divide. This study investigated which factors have relationships with conflict over use for kiosk from the viewpoint of shadow work that appears during self-service kiosk use. An analysis of 159 seniors through survey revealed that both technostress and subjective norms had significant relationships with conflict over use for kiosk, and that the perception of shadow work had a partial mediating effect on these relationships. Further, user experience showed a moderating effect on the relationship between technostress and perception of shadow work. These results suggest theoretical and practical implications related to digital shadow work, providing the relevant policy regarding digital inclusion for seniors.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.20-29
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• 2021

During multi-stage fracturing in a low permeable shale formation, stress interference occurs between the stages which is called the "stress shadow effect(SSE)". The effect may alter the fracture propagation direction and induce ununiform geometry. In this study, the stress shadow effect on the hydraulic fracture geometry and the well productivity were investigated by the commercial full-3D fracture model, GOHFER. In a homogeneous reservoir model, a multi-stage fracturing process was performed with or without the SSE. In addition, the fracturing was performed on two shale reservoirs with different geomechanical properties(Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio) to analyze the stress shadow effect. In the simulation results, the stress change caused by the fracture created in the previous stage switched the maximum/minimum horizontal stress and the lower productivity L-direction fracture was more dominating over the T-direction fracture. Since the Marcellus shale is more brittle than more dominating over the T-direction fracture. Since the Marcellus shale is more brittle than the relatively ductile Eagle Ford shale, the fracture width in the former was developed thicker, resulting in the larger fracture volume. And the Marcellus shale's Young's modulus is low, the stress effect is less significant than the Eagle Ford shale in the stage 2. The stress shadow effect strongly depends on not only the spacing between fractures but also the geomechanical properties. Therefore, the stress shadow effect needs to be taken into account for more accurate analysis of the fracture geometry and for more reliable prediction of the well productivity.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.319-327
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• 1988

A new measuring method is proposed, which measures the atomization characteristics of a non-evaporating, axi-symmetric diesel spray by means of an image analysis of high speed shadow photographs. The instantaneous sauter mean diameter and the fuel concentration in the spray are calculated of the splay axis and in the radial direction and the data of the fuel injection rate, using an onion peeling model. Some examples of application of this method to eight different diesel sprays are demonstrated, and the results are compared to predicted results by the conventional immersion method and a quasi-steady one dimensional spray model.