• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.123-129
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• 2006

The limited number of roads and the increasing number of vehicles demand the automatic regulation of overspeed vehicles, illegal vehicles, and overloaded vehicles and the automatic charge calculation depending on the type of the vehicle. To meet such requirements, it is important to remove the shadow of the vehicle as processing and recognizing an image captured by a camera. The shadow of the vehicle is likely to cause misclassification of the vehicle type due to diverse errors and mistakes occurring when detecting geometrical properties of the vehicle. In case that shadows of two different vehicles are overlapped, not only the type of the vehicles may be misclassified but also it is difficult to accurately identify the type of the vehicles. In this paper, we propose a robust algorithm to remove the shadow of a vehicle by calculating the luminance, the chrominance, the gradient density of the cast shadow from information acquired using the image subtraction of the background, and to recognize the substantial vehicle figure. Even when it is hard to detect and split a target vehicle from its shadow as shadows of vehicles are attached to each other, our robust algorithm can detect the vehicle figure only. We implemented our system with a general camera and conducted experiments on various vehicles on general roads to find out our vehicle shade removal algorithm is efficient when detecting and recognizing vehicles.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권11호
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• pp.41-46
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between unemployment and shadow economy for 7 selected ASEAN countries using panel data from 2000-2017. This study uses a sample of 7 ASEAN countries including Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam covering the 2000-2017 period. The stationarity of the variables is determined by Pesaran panel unit-root tests. The Westerlund panel co-integration technique is used to examine the long-run relationship among the variables. In addition, dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) and fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) methods are also employed. The DOLS and FMOLS results indicate that unemployment acts as an important driver for the increase in the shadow economy. In addition, the study results also reveal that GDP per capita has a negative impact on the shadow economy. Moreover, government expenditure, bank credit, and inflation are positively related to the shadow economy. The empirical results indicate that the size of the shadow economy is boosted by unemployment in the selected ASEAN economies. In addition, it is also evident that an increase of GDP per capita in the sample countries results in a lower shadow economy. Besides, government expenditure, bank credit, and inflation play a crucial role in the shadow economy.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.31-49
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• 2023

Due to the outbreak of the COVID-19, self-service technology is widely used in Korea, and demand for disposable cups is increasing significantly. Waste and recycling of disposable cups have become a social concern for Koreans and Korea implemented the "Disposable Cup Deposit Systems" again in December 2022. Whether the emergence of this system can change the way people behave in environmental protection is a question to be examined in this study. Companies participating in the disposable cup deposit system are hoping that customers will actively recover cups through self-service in the process of collecting disposable cups. The government, along with businesses, transfers recovery work to customers through self-service technologies and schemes. Due to the increase in Shadow Work and the strengthening of consumer environmental protection consciousness, this paper focuses on how unmanned service types such as self-service technology can affect people's environmental protection behavior. An empirical analysis with 477 samples examined how the characteristics of shadow work, perceived efficacy, environmental awareness, and ecological guilt affect user's environmental protection behavior. Perceived efficacy that acts as a mediator and ecological guilt that plays as a moderator are investigated. Although there have been many studies on the effects of shadow work on customer behavioral intentions before, it has been very rare to study the effects of shadow work perceived by people on environmental behavioral intentions from an environmental protection perspective. This study shows that the higher the perceived efficacy of consumers, the more people prefer self-service technology and the stronger the environmental protection behavior. Also, consumers' ecological guilt significantly moderates the relationship between environmental consciousness and eco-friendly behavior. It is expected that companies and governments will be able to understand the impact of shadow work on consumers' environmental protection behavior and further promote environmental protection by appropriate policies and marketing strategies.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제19권11호
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• pp.89-95
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• 2002

A shadow mask inside the Braun tube of a TV is sustained by springs attached to the glass panel, its vibration cause the picture image to discolor, which is called the microphonic phenomenon. It is found that it results from resonance when the natural frequency of the shadow mask coincides with that of built-in speaker sound. This paper describes experimental and analytical investigations by using FEM on the vibration problem of the shadow mask assembly. The simulation scheme may be efficiently used to develop a new design for a large-screen flat TV.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2003년도 Proceedings of ACRS 2003 ISRS
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• pp.727-731
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• 2003

ASTER image has some advantages for classification such as 15 spectral bands and 15m ${\sim}$ 90m spatial resolution. However, in the classification using general remote sensing image, shadow areas are often classified into water area. It is very difficult to divide shadow and water. Because reflectance characteristics of water is similar to characteristics of shadow. Many land cover items are consisted in one pixel which is 15m spatial resolution. Nowadays, very high resolution satellite image (IKONOS, Quick Bird) and Digital Surface Model (DSM) by air borne laser scanner can also be used. In this study, mixed pixel analysis of ASTER image has carried out using IKONOS image and DSM. For mixed pixel analysis, high accurated geometric correction was required. Image matching method was applied for generating GCP datasets. IKONOS image was rectified by affine transform. After that, one pixel in ASTER image should be compared with corresponded 15×15 pixel in IKONOS image. Then, training dataset were generated for mixed pixel analysis using visual interpretation of IKONOS image. Finally, classification will be carried out based on Linear Mixture Model. Shadow extraction might be succeeded by the classification. The extracted shadow area was validated using shadow image which generated from 1m${\sim}$2m spatial resolution DSM. The result showed 17.2% error was occurred in mixed pixel. It might be limitation of ASTER image for shadow extraction because of 8bit quantization data.

• 스마트미디어저널
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.47-57
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• 2023

육각 그리드(hexagonal grid) 구조는 지리정보시스템에서 공간정보 데이터를 처리하고 표현하기에 우수하여 많은 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 육각 그리드를 이용한 시각화는 다른 그리드 표현 방법 대비 시인성이 높지만, 이에 표현된 공간정보 데이터에 따라 양적 정보와 그리드 간 데이터 차이를 효과적으로 전달하는 데 어려움이 있다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 육각 그리드 외곽에 그림자를 생성하여 시각적으로 육각 그리드를 강조하는 방법을 제안한다. 이를 위해 강조하고자 하는 육각 그리드들의 최외곽 선분들을 오프셋 시키고, 그 정보를 바탕으로 베지어 곡선을 생성하여 최종적인 그림자 형상을 결정한다. 그림자는 육각 그리드에서 멀어질수록 서서히 옅어진다는 특성을 활용하여, 그림자의 가장자리로 갈수록 투명도를 가변적으로 적용한다. 제안하는 방법을 이용하여 하나의 육각 그리드뿐만 아니라 여러 개의 육각 그리드가 주어지더라도 그림자 영역을 효과적으로 생성할 수 있음을 보였으며, 사용자 인터페이스의 입력에 따라 다양한 그림자 형상을 생성할 수 있다. 서울특별시의 행정구 중 용산구에 제안하는 방법을 활용하여 그림자를 생성한 후 시각적으로 강조한 결과를 보인다.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.380-385
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• 2016

그림자는 자연 영상에서 관찰되는 물리적인 현상이지만 위성 영상 분석에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 요소로 컴퓨터 비전의 전처리 과정에서 그림자 검출 과정은 매우 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 싱글 영상 기반의 위성 영상에서 효과적인 영상 분석을 위해 그림자를 검출하는 방법으로 크로스 엔트로피와 밝기 영상을 이용해 그림자를 검출하는 방법을 제안하였다. 칼라 영상을 그레이 레벨 영상으로 변환한 후 크로스 엔트로피를 기반으로 최적의 임계값을 추정하여 첫 번째 그림자 후보 영역으로 판별하였고, 칼라 영상의 밝기 영상을 이용해 최종 그림자 영역을 검출하였다. 제안하는 방법의 타당성을 위해 위성 영상들을 대상으로 실험하였고, 실험 결과 제안하는 그림자를 검출 방법이 효과적으로 수행됨을 확인하였다.

• 한국사회정책
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.233-260
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• 2013

이 글은 한국에서 사교육 억제정책이 시행되었음에도 불구하고 사교육이 확산되는 메커니즘을 사교육 공급자의 수요자 동원능력과 시장전략을 중심으로 분석한다. 사교육 정책의 성패는 사교육 시장의 정치에서 가장 중요한 행위자인 사교육 공급자가 수요자를 동원할 수 있는 힘을 얼마나 효과적으로 차단하느냐에 달려 있다. 최근 20여 년간 사교육 정책은 두 가지 지점에서 실패했다. 첫째, 정책의 방향이 사교육을 억제할 의도가 없었다. 헌법재판소 판결은 공급자에게 기회의 창을 제공하였고 외견상 사교육을 줄이고자 했던 5 31 교육개혁은 공급자의 동원능력에 중립적이었다. 자유주의적 신념윤리에 경도되어 책임윤리가 결여된 두 정책결정으로 사교육은 확산될 가능성을 잉태했다. 둘째, 사교육 공급자는 수요자의 욕망과 불안 심리에 호소함으로써 이들을 동원해 내는 데 성공했다. 사교육 공급자는 공교육 강화정책, 입시제도 조정정책, 사교육 수요충족 정책 등에 맞서 기존수요 관리전략, 대응 수요 창출전략, 신규수요 창출전략시장 등 시장전략을 채택했다. 이들은 사교육 억제정책의 유형에 따라 효과적인 전략을 구사함으로써 정책을 무기력하게 만들었다. 향후 사교육정책은 한국의 사회정치적 맥락, 특히 공급자의 수요자 동원능력에 주목하는 책임윤리를 바탕으로 결정해야 한다.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.211-219
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• 2007

Building extraction is one of the essential issues for 3D city modelling. In recent years, high-resolution satellite imagery has become widely available and it brings new methodology for urban mapping. In this paper, we have developed a semi-automatic algorithm to determine building heights from monoscopic high-resolution satellite data. The algorithm is based on the analysis of the projected shadow and actual shadow of a building. Once two roof comer points are measured manually, the algorithm detects (rectangular) roof boundary automatically. Then it estimates a building height automatically by projecting building shadow onto the image for a given building height, counting overlapping pixels between the projected shadow and actual shadow, and finding the height that maximizes the number of overlapping pixels. Once the height and roof boundary are available, the footprint and a 3D wireframe model of a building can be determined. The proposed algorithm is tested with IKONOS images over Deajeon city and the result is compared with the building height determined by stereo analysis. The accuracy of building height extraction is examined using standard error of estimate.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.102-107
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• 2023

Chinese shadow puppetry is an ancient form of drama with a long history. Known as the "mother of Chinese folk opera", it has rich cultural connotations and artistic value. At the same time, as a classic video game genre, side-scrolling games have many loyal fans around the world. However, in recent years, some previous entertainment cultures such as shadow puppetry are slowly disappearing. In contrast, video games play an increasingly important role in people's entertainment. Combining Chinese traditional culture with video games can be a great way to promote the preservation of these cultures. By making traditional culture more accessible and engaging, developers can help to ensure that these cultures continue to be enjoyed by future generations.The side-scrolling game is a classic game type, and it has many similarities with shadow puppetry. This paper will analyze the similarities and differences between Chinese shadow puppetry and horizontal version games, and try to explore how to organically integrate the two, so as to promote the inheritance and development of traditional culture, and promote cultural innovation and the development of creative industries.