• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.60 no.4
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• pp.504-509
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• 2015

This research carried out to figure out the effect of the green manure crop cultivated at a preparation field and the shading net on the growth, development, and quality of ginseng. Followings are results obtained from the research. Leaf width of ginseng under the shading net of a two-layered blue and two-layered black polythylene net (TBTBPN) was good at rye and hairy vetch cultured group. Leaf length of ginseng under the shading net of a three-layered blue and one-layered black polyethylene net (TBOBPN) was good at barley and hairy vetch cultured group. Meanwhile, leaf width was good at hairy vetch cultured group. Leaf length of ginseng under a blue polyethylene sheet (BPS) was good at a barley and barley + hairy vetch cultured group, but stem length was shorter compare to other shading net cultivations. Root weight of ginseng was good under the shading net of a two-layered blue and two-layered black polyethylene net (TBTBPN) at a rye and hairy vetch cultured group, and was good under the shading net of a three-layered blue and onelayered black polyethylene net (TBOBPN) at a barley + hairy vetch cultured group, but there was no significant difference under blackout screen according to manure crop varieties. Ratio of rusty root was 10.2% at the barley cultured group under the shading net of a two-layered blue and two-layered black polyethylene net (TBTBPN), and was 23.1% at hairy vetch cultured group under shading net of a three-layered blue and one-layered black polyethylene net (TBOBPN). Ratio of rusty root was the lowest at a rye cultured group regardless the shading nets. Content of the ginsenoside was the highest at the rye cultured group under the shading net of two-layered blue and two-layered black polyethylene net (TBTBPN), was the highest at the barley cultured group under the shading net of a three-layered blue and one-layered black polyethylene net (TBOBPN), and was the highest at the rye cultured group under the blackout screen.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.152-156
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• 2007

The Condonopsis lanceolata Trautv. was planted in field to investigate the effect of afterwards shading in the condition of sun light of fifty six percent on the characteristics of photosynthesis according to leaf position at flowering stage. The vine length and leaf area were increased with shading treatment in comparison with that of non-shading. Dry weight of leaf and vine indicate opposite tendency with the result above. SLA (specific leaf area) was much more increased in shaded leaves than that obtained from non-shading treatment. The shaded leaves of plant show a higher SPAD value than that of non-shaded leaves. The net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance were increased as the PAR was increased. And it is the maximum valve (PAR of 700-1000 ${\mu}$mol/m$^2$/s of PAR) of all leaves. Overnurse and light saturation point of the Condonopsis lanceolata Trautv. shading-treated was improved in comparison with control as net photosynthetic rates of leaves positioned on each part of the stem was increased.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.37-41
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• 2011

This experiment was carried out to find an optimum shading level for the growth of root and shoot, and to find the effect of shading level after August on the induction and growth of inflorescence of Phalaenopsis hybrid. The shading levels were 50%, 60%, 70%, 80% and 90% of natural light($1200{\mu}molm^{-2}s^{-1})$. The $CO_2$ uptake, transpiration rate, carbohydrate content, fresh weight and dry weight of Phalaenopsis hybrid were higher at 50-60% level than the others. But, it was diminished when the shading level was increased from 70% to 90%. Inflorescence length, the number of inflorescence and flower per plant all increased under 50-60% shading level and the day needed for the flowering after treatment decreased. Especially, the induction of inflorescence was depressed and flowering is not occurred under 90% during experiment period. These results suggest that the optimal shading level for the growth of Phalaenopsis including inflorescence was founded to be 50-60% in the season of light intensity and amount of sunshine decrease after august.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.342-348
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• 2014

This study was carried out to determine the effects of temperature and shading on germination and early growth of Pimpinella brachycarpa. Experiment was performed by temperature controls ($5^{\circ}C$, $10^{\circ}C$, $15^{\circ}C$, $20^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$, and $30^{\circ}C$) and shading treatments (control, 35% shading, 50% shading, and 75% shading). Seed pre-treatment before the germination experiment was carried out by temperature (with low temperature and wetting treatments for 0day, 20days, and 40days). Seeds of P. brachycarpa were, 20days of seed pre-treatment, germinated well at $5^{\circ}C$ and the more temperature went up, the more germination rate went down. As a result of surveying shading treatments, the height, leaf area, leaf length, leaf width etc were the highest (7.3cm, $12.8cm^2$, 5.4cm, and 2.3cm, respectively) under 50% shading. Specially, the root was grown well under 35% and 50% shading. Fresh weight of shoot (leaves+stem) was the highest under 50% and 75% shading and dry weight of shoot (leaves+stem) was the highest under 35% and 50% shading. As a result of surveying the whole experiment, it is concluded that the production of P. brachycarpa seedling is more effective under 50% shading.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.78-83
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• 2024

This study was carried out to analyze the effect of changes in the light environment caused by the daylight disturbance on the growth, flowering, and cut flower quality of spray chrysanthemums. The spray chrysanthemum 'Yellow Cap' and 'Pitch PangPang' cultivars for cut flowers were artificially shaded to interfere with 66% of sunlight compared to the non-shading, and then the growing and flowering characteristics, and cut flower yield were investigated accordingly. There was no significant difference in the cut flower yield per unit area between the shading and the non-shading treatments. However, the number of days to flowering was 72.1 days for the 'Yellow Cap' and 65.2 days for the 'Pitch PangPang', which were delayed by 14.1 and 8.9 days, respectively, compared to the non-shading light. In the shading treatment, the flower diameter and the number of flowers also decreased by 10% and 15%, and 30% and 28% for both 'Yellow Cap' and 'Pitch PangPang', respectively. The stem length also decreased by 10% and 20%, the stem diameter by 23% and 37%, and fresh weight by 32% and 33%, respectively. The shading treatment delayed the flowering of chrysanthemums and reduced the growth such as flower diameter, number of flowers, and the length and weight of cut flowers. Based on these results, the daylight disturbance by artificial buildings is expected to reduce the productivity and quality of cut flowers by limiting the light intensity needed for chrysanthemum growth, flower bud differentiation, and flower development. Therefore, further research is needed on the rate of decrease in yield and market value according to the degree of shading to relieve damage to chrysanthemum growers caused by the daylight disturbance.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.9-13
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• 2008

The wasabi was planted in glasshouse to investigate the effect shade level (0, 10, 30, 70%) on growth and photosynthetic response. The net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance were the highest under 10% shading rate in greenhouse. The lowest transpiration rate was in the non-shading treatment. 70% shading rate significantly reduced in photosynthetic characteristics. The number of leaf was decreased with increasing of shading rate. Leaf and petiole weight was the highest 10% shading and then followed by the non-shading treatment. Number of leaves, leaf, petiole and total weight were severely declined in 70% shading treatment. Shading rate (0%, 10%, and 30%) did not significantly influenced on the leaf length, leaf width and root growth. 10% shading level was the most effective for wasabi leaf production in hydroponics.

• Plant Resources
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.103-109
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• 2005

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is known to contain water-soluble substances that improve antioxidant status due to the richness in antioxidants. Greenhouse experiment was carried out under different shading conditions during spring lettuce growing season. Shade significantly reduced shoot weight, number of leaves and chlorophyll content, while it increased shoot length of lettuce plants. The antioxidant potential of the individual fraction was in order of n-butanol > ethyl acetate > water > n-hexane fraction, although was less than that of commonly used antioxidants, BHT and ascorbic acid. Fractions from lettuce plants dose-dependently increased DPPH free radical scavenging activity, in vitro test. By means of HPLC analysis, BuOH fraction of cultivar 'Hwahyang' (57.93 mg $100g^{-1}$) had the highest amount of antioxidant chi orogenic acid. Shading treatment increased average amount of chlorogenic acid of all cultivars in BuoH, EtOAc, hexane and water fractions by 33, 120, 144, and $58\%$, respectively. These results suggest that lettuce plants had potent antioxidant activity, and their activities were differently exhibited depending on cultivar and fraction.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.136-146
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• 1993

In order to study flowering of Chrysanthemum coronarium, several investigations on the daylength, shading, irrigation and plant growth regulator treatment were carried out. As daylength was treated for 12, 14 and 16hrs, flowering was accelerated and plant height was increased. Leaf number, length and width were decreased by the increased daylength. Sensitivity to daylength and flower development were accompanied by the plant growth, especially the effect of long day treatment was appeared remarkably when the number of leaves was more than 8 leaves. The minimum days of long day treatment for flowering was more than 10 days. Flowering was delayed by 65% shading treatment, over irrigation.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 1974.09a
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• pp.137-146
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• 1974

This experiment was on the purpose to study the effects of different shading of Mulching treatments on the quality and yield of ginseng root. This experiment were conducted at Mei-Feng for one year, from July, 1972 to July, 1973. The variety been used was introduced Korea Panax ginsvng. Three different Shading of Mulching treatments have been studied. The results were summerized as follows: 1. The growth of ginseng plant is good under around 4,300 Lux of light intensity. Fig . showed the shadow treatment of straw had a better effect than that of black or grey plastic film. The differences between treatments were significant. 2. The adequate soil temperature for ginseng culture was in the range of $16-18^{\circ}C$. Fig 2. showed that there were significant differences among treatments, of which the straw shadow treatment had the best effect. 3. The growth of ginseng plant was greatly affected wth various shadow treatments. Fig 1. showed both straw and black plastic film treatments had a better effects on growth of stem, leaf area and leaf numbers. 4. Fig. 2. 3. 4. 5 indicated there were distingished differences among all treatments. The straw and black plastics film mulching treatments had a better effects on root length, root diameter, root weight and leaf weight than the grey plastic film. 5. The amount of plant alkaloids and panacene content had related to the shadow treatment, as showed in Fig. 6 and 7 that straw shadow treatment had greatly increased the procuction of plant alkaloids and panacene content. 6. The quality and yield of roots of ginseng greatly affected by different shading of mulching treatments.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.185-189
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of shading (50% or not) and pruning height (3cm, 6cm, and 9cm) of remained above-ground plant part on shoot emergence aspect, mortality rate, flowering and cut flower characteristics of two years old Gypsophila paniculata plants. Days to shoot emergence (80%) advanced, emerged shoot number increased and mortality rate surveyed on late October decreased in 50% shading treatment. In addition to, mortality rate decreased, as above-ground plant part was highly pruned. Blooming was earlier with highly pruning the remained above-ground pan and under non-shading condition than shading. Growth traits such flower stalk length, primary branches number, stem diameter, and cut flower yield were the best and also non-particulate rate and rosette formation rate were the lowest in pruning height of 9cm under non-shading condition.