• The Journal of Korean Society of Virology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1996

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) replication and $Ca^{2+}$ response in human cell lines of neuronal origin were investigated. SK-N-SH (neuroblastoma cells) and A172 cells (glioblastoma cells) were used. SK-N-SH cells were permissive for HCMV multiplication with a delay of one day compared to virus multiplication in human embryo lung (HEL) cells. The delay of HCMV multiplication in SK-N-SH cells appeared to be correlated with a delay in the $Ca^{2+}$ response. The cytoplasmic free $Ca^{2+}$ concentration ($[Ca^{2+}]_i$) began to increase at 12 h p.i. in HCMV-infected SK-N-SH cells, while $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ increase in HCMV-infected HEL cells was observed as early as 3 h p.i. On the whole, the level of the increase in $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ in SK-N-SH cells was about 30% of that in HEL cells. On the other hand, in A172 cells infected with HCMV, neither production of infectious virus nor detectable increase in $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ was observed. Treatment with TPA of HCMV-infected SK-N-SH cells resulted in $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ increase at 6 h p.i. The stimulatory effect of TPA on HCMV- induced $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ increase continued until 12 h p.i., but TPA failed to stimulate the $Ca^{2+}$ response in SK-N-SH cells at 24 h p.i., suggesting that the effect of TPA had disappeared in SK-N-SH cells at that time point. In conclusion, SK-N-SH cells are permissive for HCMV replication and the delay in $Ca^{2+}$ response may be a consequence of the lower responsiveness of SK-N-SH cells than HEL cells to HCMV infection.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.93-111
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• 2010

Objectives: The present study was performed to evaluate the potential effects of Bupleuri radix (SH) on regenerative activities in the peripheral sciatic nerve after crushing injury in rats. Methods: Axonal regeneration after crush injury in rats was analyzed by immunofluorescence staining using anti-NF-200 antibody and retrograde tracing of DiI-axons. Changes in protein levels in the sciatic nerve axons and DRG tissue were analyzed by Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining. Effects of SH extract treatment on neurite outgrowth was examined by immunofluorescence staining for cultured DRG neurons. Results: Major findings on the effects of SH extract treatment on axonal regeneration are summarized as follows. 1. SH-mediated enhancement in axonal regeneration was identified by immuno- fluorescence straining of NF-200 protein and retrograde tracing of DiI-labeled axons. 2. Axonal GAP-43 protein levels were upregulated by SH not only in the injured axons but also in the DRG sensory neurons corresponding to sciatic sensory axons. 3. Phospho-Erk1/2 protein levels were increased in both injured axonal area and DRG sensory neurons by SH. Phospho-Erk1/2 was also found in non-neuronal cells in the injured axons. 4. SH elevated levels of Cdc2 protein produced in Schwann cells in the distal portions of injured sciatic nerves. 5. The neurite outgrowth of DRG sensory neurons in culture was augmented by SH, and these changes were positively associated with GAP-43 production levels in the DRG neurons. Conclusions: These data suggest that SH extract improves the regenerative responses of injured peripheral neurons, and thus may be useful for understanding molecular basis for the development of therapeutic strategies.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.60-66
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• 1994

Among the various bacterial isolates from municipal sewages which utilized linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) as a sole source of carbon. 3 potent strains - KL-3, SH-2 and EN-1 - were selected. The strains were classified: KL-3 as a strain belong to the genus Klebsiella; SH-2 Shigella; and EN-1 Enterobacter, respectively. They were grown in a broth containing 200 ppm of LAS, using a laboratory scale fermentor: the bacterial growth reached stationary phase after 2 days with a maximum viability of $10^8cfu/mL$ of the culture; initial rates of LAS degradation were high during the first 24 hours of cultivation (KL-3 and SH-2, approx. 50%; EN-1, 20%); after 1 day a lag period of about 24 hours was observed for all the strains, and thereafter break-down proceeded rapidly; final rates after 7 days were approximately 85% by KL-3, 82% by SH-2 and 75% by EN-1. Adsorption of LAS by the bacterial cell mass was high for the strain SH-2, as Freundlich equation: Y= 0.030X + 0.95 was calculated.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.146-150
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• 2013

In this study, we investigated the effects of longterm exposure to ionic liquid (IL) on Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 (MR-1). MR1 was acclimated through repeated exposure to IL. The acclimated strain was named as S. oneidensis SH-1 (SH-1) and compared with MR-1 in various aspects including morphology, cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH), motility, and fatty acid. Compared to the MR-1, SH-1 showed elongated cell shape on scanning electron microscopy. Upon exposure to IL, hydrophobicity of SH-1 (28.2%) was higher that of MR-1 (3.3%). In contrast, motility of SH-1 (7 mm) was lower than that also of MR-1 (22 mm), and branched chain fatty acid of SH-1 was lower than that of MR-1, 27.6% and 41.1%, respectively.

• Bulletin of the Korean Space Science Society
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• 2010.04a
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• pp.39.1-39.1
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• 2010

We have investigated interplanetary (IP) structures of 82 intense geomagnetic storms (Dst $\leq$ -100 nT) that occurred from 1998 to 2006. According to their interplanetary origins, we classified them as four groups: 20 sMC events (IP shock and MC), 19 SH events (sheath field), 12 SH+MC events (Sheath field and MC), and 8 nonMC events (non-MC type ICME). For each group, we examined the relationships between Dst index and solar/IP parameters, namely, direction parameter (DP), CME speed ($V_{CME}$), solar wind speed ($V_{SW}$), minimum of IMF $B_z$ component($Bz_{min}$), and maximum of $E_y$ component ($Ey_{max}$).We found that the relationships strongly depend on their IP source. Our main results can be summarized as follows: 1) The correlation between Dst and DP is the best for the SH+MC events (r = -0.61). 2) The relationship between Dst and $V_{CME}$ gives the best correlation for the sMC events (r = -0.56). 3) There is the best correlation between Dst and $V_{SW}$ for the sMC events (r = -0.61), while there is a very weak correlation (r=-0.17) for the SH events. 4) The relationship between Dst and $Bz_{min}$ gives the best correlation (r = -0.87) for the SH+MC events. 5) The correlation between Dst and $Ey_{max}$ is the best for the SH+MC events (r = -0.87). Summing up, the sMC and SH+MC events give us good correlations, but the SH events, weak correlations. From this study, we suggest that this tendency should be caused by the characteristics of IMF southward components, e.g., smooth field rotations for the MC events and highly IMF fluctuations for the SH events.

• BMB Reports
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.303-307
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• 1997

Grb2, which is composed of a Src homology 2 (SH2) domain and two Src homology 3 (SH3) domains, is known to serve as an adaptor protein in signaling for Ras activation. Thus, a blocker of the Grb2 interactions with other proteins can be a potential candidate for an anticancer drug. In this study, we have developed a high throughput screening method for SH3 domain binding ligands and blockers. Firstly, we made and purified the glutathione S-transferase (GST)-fusion proteins with the Grb2 SH2 and SH3 domains, and the entire Grb2. This method measures the binding of a biotin-labeled oligopeptide, derived from a Grb2/SH3 binding motif in the hSos, to the GST-fusion proteins, which are precoated as glutathione S-transferase fusion protein on a solid phase. When $1\;{\mu}g$ of each fusion protein was used to coat the wells, both N- and C- terminal SH3 the domains as well as the whole of Grb2 were able to interact with the biotin-conjugated ligand peptide, while the SH2 domain and GST alone showed no binding affinity. Although N- and C- terminal SH3 domains showed an increase of binding to the ligand peptide in proportion to the amount of peptide, the GST fusion protein with Grb2 demonstrated much higher binding affinity. GST-Grb2 coating on the solid phase showed a saturation curve; 66 and 84% of the maximal binding was observed at 100 and 300 ng/$100\;{\mu}l$, respectively. This binding assay system was peptide sequence-specific, showing a dose-dependent inhibition with the unlabeled peptide of SH3 binding motif. Several other peptides, such as SH2 domain binding motifs and PTB domain binding motif, were ineffective to inhibit the binding to the biotin-conjugated ligand peptide. These results suggest that our method may be useful to screen for new anticancer drug candidates which can block the signaling pathways mediated by SH3 domain binding.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.1273-1279
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• 2015

Agarase from a novel agar-degrading bacterium isolated from seawater in Namhae at Gyeongsangnamdo province of Korea was characterized. The SH-1 strain was selected from thousands of colonies on Marine agar 2216 media. Almost full 16S rRNA gene sequence of the agarolytic SH-1 strain showed 99% similarity with that of bacteria of Simiduia genus and named as Simiduia sp. SH-1. Agarase production was growth related, and activity was declined from stationary phase. Secreted agarase was prepared from culture media and characterized. It showed maximum activity of 698.6 units/L at pH 7.0 and 30℃ in 20 mM Tris-HCl buffer. Agarase activity decreased as the temperature increased from an optimum of 30℃, with 90% and 75% activity at 40℃ and 50℃, respectively. Agarase was not heat resistant. Slightly lower agarase activity was observed at pH 6.0 than at pH 7.0, without statistical difference, and 80% and 75% activity were observed at pH 5.0 and 8.0, respectively. Neoagarotetraose and neoagarobiose were the main final products of agarose, indicating that it is β-agarase. Simiduia sp. SH-1 and its β-agarase would be useful for the industrial production of neoagarotetraose and neoagarobiose, which have a whitening effect on skin, delaying starch degradation, and inhibiting bacterial growth.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.1054-1065
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• 2010

SH21B is a natural composition composed of seven herbs: Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, Prunus armeniaca Maxim, Ephedra sinica Stapf, Acorus gramineus Soland, Typha orientalis Presl, Polygala tenuifolia Willd and Nelumbo nucifera Gaertner (Ratio 3:3:3:3:3:2:2). In our previous study, we reported that SH21B inhibited adipogenesis and fat accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells through modulation of various regulators in the adipogenesis pathway. The aim of this study was to analyze the transcriptome profiles for the anti-adipogenic effects of SH21B in 3T3-L1 cells. Total RNAs from SH21B-treated 3T3-L1 cells were reverse-transcribed into cDNAs and hybridized to Affymetrix Mouse Gene 1.0 ST array. From microarray analyses, we identified 2,568 genes of which expressions were changed more than two-fold by SH21B, and the clustering analyses of these genes resulted in 9 clusters. Three clusters among the 9 showed down-regulation by SH21B (cluster 4, cluster 6 and cluster 9), and two clusters showed up-regulation by SH21B (cluster 7 and cluster 8) during the adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells. It was found that many genes related to cell proliferation and adipogenesis were included in these clusters. Clusters 4, 6 and 9 included genes which were related with adipogenesis induction and cell cycle arrest. Clusters 7 and 8 included genes related to cell proliferation as well as adipogenesis inhibition. These results suggest that the mechanisms of the anti-adipogenic effects of SH21B may be the modulation of genes involved in cell proliferation and adipogenesis.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2004.10d
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• pp.82-89
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 한국어 의학 논문의 요약문으로부터 자동 영문 MeSH 키워드 제안 시스템을 소개하고, 띄어쓰기 변이(spacing variant) 문제를 해결할 수 있는 방법을 제안한다. 띄어쓰기 변이란 표준 한글 맞춤법에 비해 다르게 띄어쓰기된 것을 말한다. 이를 위해 시소러스에는 생성 가능한 모든 띄어쓰기 변이 대신에 최대 띄어쓰기 어구만을 저장하고, 문서에서 K-MeSH 용어를 찾기 위해 음절단위 부분문자열 검색을 사용한다. 이 방법으로 한국어 의학 논문의 요약문에서 K-MeSH 용어를 추출한 후, TF-IDF 순위 함수를 이용하여 상위 10위내의 키워드를 저자가 선정한 영문 키워드와 비교한 결과 58%가 일치하였다. 이는 기존 방법에 비해 42%정도의 시소러스 크기가 축소되었고, 상위 10위내에서 영문 MeSH 키워드 추천 재현률이 약 7.8% 증가한 것으로 효과적인 방법임을 보여주었다.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.165-170
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• 2014

Shear horizontal (SH) waves propagate as a type of plate wave in a thin sheet. The dispersion characteristics of SH waves can be used for signal analysis. Therefore, SH-waves are useful for monitoring the structural health of a thin-sheet-structure. An electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT), which is a non-contact ultrasonic transducer, can generate SH-waves easily by varying the shape and array of magnets and coils. Therefore, an EMAT can be applied to an automated ultrasonic testing system for structural health monitoring. When used as a sensor, however, the EMAT has a weakness in that electromagnetic interference (EMI) noise can occur easily in the automated system because of motors and electric devices. Alternatively, a fiber optic sensor works well in the same environment with EMI noise because it uses a light signal instead of an electric signal. In this paper, a fiber Fabry-P$\acute{e}$rot interferometer (FFPI) was proposed as a sensor to receive the SH-waves generated by an EMAT. A simple test was performed to verify the performance of the FFPI sensor. It is thus shown that the FFPI can receive SH-wave signals clearly.