• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 2014

The age and growth of Neptunea (Barbitonia) arthritica cumingii sampled from the West Sea of Korea were determined from 1,062 operculums from October 2007 to September 2008. Age of Neptunea (Barbitonia) arthritica cumingii was determined from the rings on the operculum. The relationship between shell height (SH; mm) and shell width (SW; mm) was expressed by the following equation : SW = 0.5757 SH + 0.222 ($R^2$ = 0.8723), and shell height (SH; mm) and total weight (TW; g) was highly correlated by the equation : TW = 0.0002 $SH^{2.8162}$ ($R^2$ = 0.9121). The main spawning periods was estimated June to July through fatness index analysis. The relationship between shell height and ring radius of operculum in each ring group was expressed as a regression line. Therefore, there is a correspondence in each ring formation. Based on the monthly variations in the marginal index (MI) of the operculum, it is assumed that the ring of this species was formed once a year during the period of July to August. Growth curves for shell height (SH) and total weight (TW) fitted to the von Bertalanffy's equation were expressed as follows : $$SH_t=173.964(1-e^{-0.164(t+1.173)})$$ $$TW_t=407.952(1-e^{-0.164(t+1.173)})^{2.8162}$$

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.79-108
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• 2021

Information retrieval in the health field has several challenges. Health information terminology is difficult for consumers (laypeople) to understand. Formulating a query with professional terms is not easy for consumers because health-related terms are more familiar to health professionals. If health terms related to a query are automatically added, it would help consumers to find relevant information. The proposed query expansion (QE) models show how to expand a query using MeSH terms. The documents were represented by MeSH terms (i.e. Bag-of-MeSH), found in the full-text articles. And then the MeSH terms were used to generate LDA (Latent Dirichlet Analysis) topic models. A query and the top k retrieved documents were used to find MeSH terms as topic words related to the query. LDA topic words were filtered by threshold values of topic probability (TP) and word probability (WP). Threshold values were effective in an LDA model with a specific number of topics to increase IR performance in terms of infAP (inferred Average Precision) and infNDCG (inferred Normalized Discounted Cumulative Gain), which are common IR metrics for large data collections with incomplete judgments. The top k words were chosen by the word score based on (TP *WP) and retrieved document ranking in an LDA model with specific thresholds. The QE model with specific thresholds for TP and WP showed improved mean infAP and infNDCG scores in an LDA model, comparing with the baseline result.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.1420-1425
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• 2005

Purpose: We try to disclose how much the keywords of the papers from the Journal of the Korean Academy of Nursing coincide with MeSH terminologies and to understand the major subjects of the recent nursing research in Korea from keywords. Methods: Keywords of journals were extracted and compared with MeSH terms. The frequency of the appearance of each keyword was sorted by a descending order. Results: Coincidence rate of 1,235 keywords with MeSH terms was $51.6\%$. Out of them, depression, elderly, stress, self efficacy, quality of life, exercise, middle-aged women, and women appeared most frequently in descending order. Conclusion: Coincidence rate of the keywords with MeSH terms was at an acceptable level, however to improve it, the education of submitters and editorial board members are required, as well as the copy editor, to take a role in checking keywords. To infer the subjects of the research from keywords might well represent the recent topics of research work.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.47-52
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• 2011

An electromagnetic acoustic transducer(EMAT) is a non-contact transducer which can transmit the ultrasonic guided waves into specimens without couplant. And it can easily generate specific guided waves such as SH(shear horizontal) or Lamb waves by altering the design of coil and magnet. In this study, the SH wave, which is generated by EMAT, has been applied to estimate the thickness-reduction in a steel plate. Especially, the interesting feature of the dispersive behavior in selected wave modes is used to detect the thickness-reduction. Experimental results show that the reduction-level can be quantified by the measurement of the group velocity of the wave which passes though the thinning area.

• Journal of the Korean Geophysical Society
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.67-74
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• 2005

Two-dimensional S-wave velocity sections from SH-wave refraction tomography and surface wave dispersions were obtained by inverting traveltimes of first arrivals and surface wave dispersions, respectively. For the purpose of comparison, a P-wave velocity tomogram was also obtained from a P-wave refraction profiling. P and Rayleigh waves generated by vertical blows on a plate with a sledgehammer were received by 100- and 4.5-Hz geophones, respectively. SH-waves generated by horizontal blows on both sides of a 50 kg timber were received by 8 Hz horizontal geophones. The shear-wave signals were enhanced subtracting data of left-side blows from ones of the right-side blows. Shear-wave velocities from tomography inversion of first-arrival times were compared with ones from inverting dispersion curves of Rayleigh waves. Although the two velocity sections look similar to each other in general, the one from the surface waves tends to have lower velocities. First arrival picking of SH waves is troublesome since P and PS-converted waves arrive earlier than SH waves. Application of the surface wave method, on the other hand, is limited where lateral variation of subsurface tructures is not mild.

• Korean Journal of Exercise Nutrition
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.7-12
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• 2020

[Purpose] This study was performed to investigate the acid-base and ion balance at rest and after exercise in healthy males under normoxia, moderate hypoxia, and severe hypoxia. [Methods] Ten healthy Korean males completed three different trials on different days, comprising exercise under normoxia (F_iO₂ = 20.9%, N trial), moderate hypoxia (F_iO₂ = 16.5%, MH trial), and severe hypoxia (F_iO₂ = 12.8%, SH trial). They undertook endurance exercise for 30 min on a cycle ergometer at the same relative exercise intensity equivalent to 80% maximal heart rate under all conditions. Capillary blood samples were obtained to determine acid-base and ion balance at rest and after exercise. [Results] Exercise-induced blood lactate elevations were significantly increased as hypoxic conditions became more severe; SH > MH > N trials (P = 0.003). After exercise, blood glucose levels were significantly higher in the SH trial than in the N and MH trials (P = 0.001). Capillary oxygen saturation (S_CO₂) levels were significantly lowered as hypoxic conditions became more severe; SH > MH > N trials (P < 0.001). The pH levels were significantly lower in the MH trial than that in the N trial (P = 0.010). Moreover, H_CO_3^- levels were significantly lower in the SH trial than in the N trial, with significant interaction (P = 0.003). There were no significant differences in blood Na⁺, K⁺, and Ca²⁺ levels between the trials. [Conclusion] MH and SH trials induced greater differences in glucose, lactate, S_CO₂, pH, and HCO_3^- levels in capillary blood compared to the N trial. Additionally, lactate, S_CO₂, and HCO_3^- levels showed greater changes in the SH trial than in the MH trial. However, there were no significant differences in Na⁺, K⁺, and Ca²⁺ levels in MH and SH trials compared to the N trial.

• Koreanishche Zeitschrift fur Deutsche Sprachwissenschaft
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• v.5
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• pp.203-221
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• 2002

Die Unterklassifikation von Sprechakttypen stellt einen wichtigen Forschtmgs­gegenstand der Sprechakttheorie dar. Mit den Kriterien, die Searle (1969) vorgeschlagen hat, $k\"{o}nnen\;zwar\;die\;f\"{u}nf$ Haupttypen der Sprechakte voneinander unterschieden werden, aber $f\"{u}r$ deren Unterklassifikation $m\"{u}ssen$ weitere Kriterien herangezogen werden, und zwar solche, mit denen die Untertypen des zu unterklassifizierenden Sprechakttyps deren Handlungscharakter $gem\"{a}{\ss}$ klassifiziert werden $k\"{o}nnen$. Es ist aber nicht einfach festzustellen, was man als Kriterien $f\"{u}r$ die Unterklassifikation eines bestimmten Sprechakttyps nehmen soll. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird versucht, die $f\"{u}r$ die Unterklassifikation der sogenannten $begr\"{u}ndenden$ Sprechhandlungen (= bSH) wie $ERKL\"{A}REN-WARUM,\;BEGR\"{U}NDEN$, RECHTFERTIGEN und ARGUMENTIEREN angemessenen Kriterien festzustellen und mit diesen die vier Untertypen der bSH zu klassifizieren. Dabei werden zwei Kriterien herangezogen: $n\"{a}mlich$, Gegenstandstyp und Strittigkeit. Je nachdem, urn welchen Gegenstandstyp es bei der bSH geht und ob Strittigkeit vorliegt, wird ein anderer Untertyp der bSH vollzogen. Die Gegenstandstypen der bSH sind wie folgt darzustellen: Gegenstandstypen der bSH Gegenstandstypen im subjektiven Bereich Gegenstandstrypen im objektiven Bereich Einstellungen des Sprechers Handlungen des Sprechers Tatsachen Ereignisse Naturprozesse Handlungen eines Dritten Einstellungen eines Dritten Strittigkeit kann nur in Bezug auf die Gegenstandstypen im subjektiven Bereich entstehen, und zwar in Bezug auf die Richtigkeit der Handlungen und Einstellungen und die Wahrheit der Einstellungen des Sprechers. Mit den beiden Kriterien 'Gegenstandstyp' und 'Strittigkeit' $k\"{o}nnen$ die Untertypen der bSH wie folgt klassifiziert werden:

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.404-408
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• 1999

SH2 domains and their associated catalytic or noncatalytic proteins constitute critical signal transduction targets for drug discovery. Grb2 associates with phosphotyrosine sites of the activated receptors or Shc via their SH2 domain to link receptor tyrosine kinases to ras signalling. Blocking of the Grb2-Shc complex may be to intervene the oncogenic signal transduction pathways and to develop a new antitumor drug. In the search for blockers of Grb2 SH2-Shc interaction, Lutein, a family of carotenoids, was isolated from the extract of the leaf of Agastache rugosa O. Kuntze as SH2 domain antagonists. The $IC_{50}$ of Lutein against Grb2-Shc binding was $6.8\;{\mu}M$.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.27 no.9
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• pp.1353-1358
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• 2006

We investigated in vitro T-cell inhibitory activity and bioavailability of small chemical inhibitors for Lck SH2 domain, which had a different scaffold such as an amide bond, reduced amide bond, N-methyl amide bond, thioamide bond, and urethane bond. Each of these compounds, with its particular scaffold, showed a different logP value, stability against serum enzyme, stability in buffer solution, and in vitro T-cell inhibitory activity. Overall results indicated that the SH2 inhibitor containing urethane bond can be a new lead compound because of its superior bioavailability, potent in vitro T-cell inhibitory activity, and facile synthesis.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.254-263
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• 2010

Objectives : The neuroprotective effects of bee venom (BV) have been demonstrated in many studies, but bee venom has many side effects. So we used sweet bee venom (SBV), which has high molecular elements removed to reduce the side effects. I examined the neuroprotective effect of sweet bee venom in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine ($MPP^+$)-induced human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Methods : To observe the possible toxicity of SBV itself, SH-SY5Y cells were treated with SBV in various concentrations for 3 h and $MPP^+$ in concentrations (1 and 5mM) for 24h. To investigate the protective effect of SBV against $MPP^+$ toxicity, SH-SY5Y cells were pretreated with vehicle or nontoxic concentrations of SBV for 3h and the cells were not washed, followed by incubation with respective concentrations of SBV and 1 mM $MPP^+$ for 24h. To investigate the protective effect of SBV against $MPP^+$ toxicity, SH-SY5Y cells were pretreated with vehicle or nontoxic concentrations of SBV for 3h and the cells were not washed, followed by incubation with respective of SBV(0.5%), 1 mM $MPP^+$, 5uM AKT inhibitor(LY984002) and 10uM ERK inhibitor(PD98059) for 24 h. The protective effect was measured by cell viability assay. To investigate the degree of apoptosis, caspase-3 enzyme activity was measured in control, $MPP^+$, SBV+$MPP^+$. Results : SBV (0.5%) pretreatment protected the SH-SY5Y cells against $MPP^+$-induced apoptotic cell death. The cell viability was higher in the SH-SY5Y cells that were pretreated with vehicle or nontoxic concentrations of SBV than those not pretreated. The caspase-3 activity was lower in the pretreated groups than these not pretreated. ERK and AKT enzymes have a role in the neuroprotective effects of the sweet bee venom. Conclusions : The results demonstrate that SBV has a protective effect on dopaminergic neurons against $MPP^+$ toxicity. This data suggest that SBV could be a potential therapeutic tool for neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease(PD).