• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.4
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• pp.43-59
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to examine whether the gender, grade and school type of middle school students made any differences to their sexual awareness and sexual behaviors in an effort to lay the groundwork for providing more efficient sex education. The research questions were posed as follows: First, what is the sexual awareness of middle school students? Second, what are the sexual behaviors of middle school students? Third, are their gender, school year and school type related to their sexual awareness and behaviors? The subjects in this study were 976 middle school students from Gyeonggi province. After a survey was conducted with questionnaires prepared by this researcher based on earlier studies to suit the purpose of the study, the collected data were analyzed with SPSS 10.0 program. The frequency analysis, x2 test and correlational analysis were implemented, and basic statistical data were obtained. The conclusions were as follows: First, regarding their sexual awareness, the largest group of them agreed that one must report in case of being raped(4.36), and the smallest number of them thought that one might have a sexual relationship with a person other than his or her spouse after marriage(1.56). Second, as for experience of indecent materials, part of sexual behaviors, 67.4 percent had ever contacted such materials. The most common medium through which they contacted them was the Internet(56.5%). The above-mentioned findings suggested that the sexual awareness of the middle school students wasn't influenced by gender or school type. But that varied with grade, as the third graders had the best sexual consciousness. Their sexual behaviors were different according to gender. The boy students contacted more indecent materials, and their experience of such materials varied with grade, since the third graders contacted the most obscene materials. And that also varied with school type, and the non-engineering students contacted more obscene materials. As for sexual drives, their masturbation experience was different according to gender, grade and school type. The number of the boys who practiced masturbation was four-fold larger than that of the girls, and the second graders had more such experience. By school type, the non-engineering students practiced more masturbation, but there was no significant gap between their kissing, caressing and dating experiences.

• Child Studies in Asia-Pacific Contexts
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.15-26
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• 2017

The aim of this study was to retrospectively estimate the prevalence of childhood emotional abuse (CEA), childhood physical abuse (CPA), and childhood contact sexual abuse (CCSA) in relation to adult poor mental health, addictive behavior, and other health-risk behaviors among university students in five ASEAN countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam). In a cross-sectional survey, 3,240 undergraduate university students were randomly selected (M age = 20.5 years, SD = 1.6 years) to respond to a questionnaire including the Abuse section of the World Health Organization (WHO) Version 1 "Adverse Childhood Experiences International Questionnaire" (ACE-IQ) and other measures. The students reported 17.9% CEA, 28.2% CPA, and 22.4% CCSA, with the highest prevalence of CEA in Myanmar (30.9%) and CPA and CCSA in Vietnam (55.8% and 41.6%, respectively). In logistic regression models, adjusting for sociodemographic and social variables, the separate and cumulative effects of three types of child abuse (emotional, physical, and sexual) were found to increase the risks for poor adult mental health, addictive, and other health-risk behaviors.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.55-66
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• 1999

To evaluate the status of the contact to lascivious computer programs and sexual attitude and behaviour by the grades of middle school boy students, the questionnaire survey was done on 715 students of five middle schools in Pusan and Kimhae area from December 15 to December 24, 1997. The data were analyzed by PC SAS; $X^2$ -test. The level of significance was 0.05. 404 students (56.5%) had a personal computer in their home. 516 students(72.2%) have experienced of using a computer program. 294(57%) of them usually played a game with computer. 514 students(71.9%) had experiences of the contact to a lascivious computer program, which increased with the grades of the students(p〈0.05). The first exposure to a lascivious program was when they were elementary school students in 24.6% of first grade middle school student, 13.8% of second grade, and 11.3% of 3rd grade students. 92% of the students was introduced to first contact through their friends. 63.7% of them watch the program at their friends home. The most common drives to contact to a lascivious programs were curiosity (53%). Sexual desire was a higher drive in third grade students (20.6%) than lower grades. After contacting to a computer lascivious program, desire of masterbation was more frequent in lower grade students. and feeling disgust was more frequent in higher grade students (p〈0.05). Frequence of masterbation or sexual intercourse was higher in high grade students(p〈0.05) In conclusion, distribution and popular use of computer attributes to the increased exposure to lascivious programs and lowering the age of first exposure. There was the difference according to the grades in the feeling and sexual behaviour after contacting to computer lascivious program. Appropriate methods to protect young students to contact a lascivious program should be sought. The use of computer should be educated in elementary school students accompanied by proper sex education.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.66-75
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore violent experiences of home visiting health care workers in Korea. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional survey. Data were collected using self-report questionnaires from 1,640 health care workers. Data collection was done between September 1, 2009 and June 30, 2010. Results: Of the respondents, 70.6% had experienced work-related violence. Shouting (51.9%) was the most common verbal violence, followed by verbalizing sexual remarks to the health care workers (19.0%) and touching the hands (16.5%), the most common acts relating to sexual harassment. Of the respondents who had experienced violence, 50.9% told their peers about the incidents. However, the major reasons why they did not report these incidents was due to the fact that they felt it was useless to file reports and that they expected such incidents to occur as part of their job. The majority of the respondents (86.4%) wanted education on how to deal with such violence at work. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that efforts should be made to increase awareness and to minimize violence in the workplace. Also, educational programs should be designed to improve knowledge and to prevent workplace violence.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.717-725
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• 2003

Purpose: In an attempt to measure the changes in gender-egalitarianism after sexuality education based on the gender-egalitarianism in middle school students, this study was carried out. Methods: The subjects were 137 students (67 boys and 70 girls) in 4 classes that were randomized from among 8 classes of first graders in a coeducational middle school, in Seoul. By the school nurse with the assistance of an advisory committee on sex education by the MOE, sexuality education was implemented based on gender-egalitarianism. The content was presented over 18 hours during 16 weeks, from September, 2001 to December, 2001. For the pre and post check on gender-egalitarianism, a Gender Egalitarianism Scale modified by the researcher was used. Results: After the sexuality education based on the gender-egalitarianism, there was a significant elevation in gender-egalitarianism(t=4.378, p=0.000). There were no significant differences in the mean changes in gender-egalitarianism according to religion, economy level, educational level of parents, and openness of parents. And little experiences in adult video, no experience in masturbation, and being without the opposite sex were related to significant elevations in gender-egalitarianism. The case of the having the positive sexual attitudes showed a significant elevation in gender-egalitarianism as compared with the case of having negative sexual attitudes. Conclusions: Based on these results, sexuality education based on gender-egalitarianism for youth was effective in elevating gender-egalitarianism scores. Because the case of the wide experiences with sexual behaviors showed a tendency to make low gender-egalitarianism, the education program would be effective to implement early in the school as childhood is a period in which children have a non-established sex-role.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.268-283
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the trends related to nursing students' experiences of violence and to propose a method to build a practice environment safe from violence in nursing students' practicums. Methods: Using three databases, data on the experiences of violence in nursing student practice recorded in domestic studies from 2011 to 2022 were collected and analyzed. Results: In this study, 23 studies were analyzed, of which 19 were quantitative, four were qualitative study. In a survey conducted on the experiences of violence among nursing students during practice, verbal and physical violence, sexual harassment, and physical threats were found, and the perpetrators of the violence were patients, guardians, nurses, doctors, and hospital staffs. It was also found that the experiences of violence in nursing students' practice were negatively related to occupational identity, depression, burnout, and stress. Conclusion: It is necessary to develop an intervention program to reduce depression and increase self-esteem in order to better establish a student's career identity and to prepare a plan to build safe practices for nursing students.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.43-56
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• 2022

Purpose: This study was conducted to explore male nurses' experiences of gender discrimination at the workplace using qualitative research methods. Methods: Participants responded to a survey using an online link, and were asked to describe their overall experiences by responding to the question "Please freely describe your experiences of workplace gender discrimination". The qualitative data collected from 118 participants were analyzed using Krippendorff's technique. Data collection was caried out from June 11, 2019, to August 3, 2020. Results: Eleven themes and 24 subthemes were extracted from a total of 277 meaningful statements. Male nurses' experiences of workplace gender discrimination, reasons of gender discrimination, and improvement strategies were presented through the key themes. Conclusion: Male nurses experienced workplace gender discrimination from patients, colleagues, and institutions. Furthermore, strategies to improve gender stereotypes and to emphasize the strengths of male nurses are necessary in order to increase the number of male nurses in the female-dominant nursing field and to reduce job turnover. These strategies will help expand the social role of nurses as professionals and improve the work environment and benefits for all nurses.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.71-80
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• 2016

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify sexual experiences and associated factors among middle and high school students in Korea. Methods: Data were analyzed from 74,186 participants who completed the 2012 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey. Descriptive statistics were used to identify the condition of sexual behavior, and a complex sample logistic regression was used to examine the factors related to sexual behavior. Results: Data showed that 4.3% of adolescents had engaged in sexual intercourse (5.9% of males and 2.6% of females). According to the logistic regression analysis for complex samples, the school level, socioeconomic status, experience of part time work, and living with parents, were all factors associated with the decision to engage in sexual intercourse among boys and girls. In particular, sex education in schools was associated with a reduced risk of sexual intercourse. Conclusion: The results of this study highlight the importance of developing a program that focuses on enhancing sex education and promoting refusal and better decision-making skills in order to effectively reduce the likelihood of sexual experience among adolescents in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.47
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• pp.178-205
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• 2001

This article investigates 295 social workers in order to find out how much they believe that each behavior related to dual relationships is ethical and with how many clients they engaged in these behaviors. This article, based on the literature, explores three areas of dual relationships which are sexual, bartering, and private dual relationships. The results from the research were 1) The social workers tend to believe that while sexual and bartering dual relationships are less ethical, private dual relationships are more ethical. Meanwhile, they have little experience to engage in all areas of dual relationships; 2) Compared to beliefs and experiences, the social workers believe that each behavior is ethical, but they have less experienced the same behavior. However, the result of strong correlations between beliefs and experiences shows that the more the social workers believe that the behaviors are ethical, the more they tend to engage in the behaviors; 3) Based on socio-demographic characteristics, male social workers tend to accept dual relationships as ethical behavior than their female counterparts do. And those who are practicing in health settings tend to believe that the behaviors related to dual relationships are less ethical than those who are practicing in the other areas of the profession do. Finally, the research recommends that enhancing social worker's self-awareness and professional maturity is needed in order to prevent the occurrence of dual relationship engagement. Also, social work professional associations and agencies should provide education, training, and institutional restrictive devices for dealing with unethical dual relationships.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.235-266
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• 2012

This study has surveyed 379 social workers to recognize how much they believe their behaviors are ethical related to dual relationship and how many they have experienced dual relationships with their clients. In addition, we also examined if there were significant differences in social workers' beliefs and experiences according to their socio-demographic characteristics and organizational properties. To accomplish this purpose, we conducted frequency analysis, single sample t-test and one-way analysis of variance focusing on sexual, bartering and private relationships. Respondents tend to have a little permissive attitude about dual relationships while they little experienced of them. Social workers's beliefs and experiences are different depending on gender, education level, work experience, position, training experience of ethics and service target. From these results, it suggested that code of ethics for social workers and the curriculum of social work ethics should be revised reflecting on present field situation and inspiring ethical sensitivity.