• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to find differences in the demographics of toxic exposed patients and substance between call based poison information data and hospital based poison information data. Methods: Seoul 1339 call-response data were used as call based poison data and toxic related injury surveillance data of the Korean center for disease control and prevention (KCDC) were used as hospital based poison data. Age, sex, the kind of exposed substance, reasons for exposure, and exposure routes were compared between two data sets. We analyzed the presence or not of documentation on the name and amount of exposed substance, symptoms after exposure in call based poison data. Results: Seoul1339 poison data included a total of 2260 information related to toxic exposure and KCDC poison data included 5650 poison cases. There was no difference in sexual distribution. Pediatric exposure and accidental exposure were more common in call based poison data. The most common exposed substances were household products in call based poison data and medicines in hospital based poison data, respectively. Documents regarding amount and time of toxic exposure and symptoms after toxic exposure were not recorded exactly in call based poison data. Conclusion: There were significant differences in age, reasons for toxic exposure, and the kinds of exposed substances. Poison information data from both pre-hospital and hospital must be considered.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.806-821
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• 2000

Each and everything named fashion together with clothes were limited in the boundary of women and men's wear has been slow and narrow in changing speed compared to women's, even there are some differences in accordance time. But maintaining the basic features, men's wear in the latter 20th century has undergone diverse change in the part of materials such as various synthetic fiber, glass, metal, artificial leather and the see-through fabric able to seeing the body wearing the clothes. Therefore, the aim and definition of this study is to present the systematic framework giving help to develop men's wear design newer and more various by considering moulding of materials which existing men's wear could not show up and by grasping material trend of men's clothes in 1990s. The results of the study were summarized as follows : (1) Material containing lustering is categorized as Velvet, Silk, Lustering materials by synthetic fiber and Lustering materials by additional substance. The Velvet generally acknowledged having something to feel womanly image shows the bisexual character coexisting feature of men and women after grafting with men'fashion. The Silk was endowed the role as means of pleasure to express beyond boundary of sex breaking the existing consciousness which men should wear male clothes, not considering differences between men and women. The lustering made by synthetic fiber expressed modern sensitivity aesthetically to the suit. The lustering materials made by additional substance is seen mixed masculine character with womanly character. (2) See-through materials are acknowledged as decadence beauty caused by expanding subjective awareness in beauty. (3) Materials by the sorts of Net is categorized as Lace, Knit The Lace expression seemed to emphases the human liberation of men and women and the humanity from liberation of subjecthood. The Knit can be felt both woman's image and man's image as bisexual image, not raising only one side sex. (4) Elastic materials offered the opportunity to approve exposure in a time when exposure of men's body was not granted ethically. (5) Leather was shown as indication of social status and inferiority and expression of collective resistance against sexual stagnation of men and women.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.197-216
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to compare beliefs about social rule, differential peer association, perceived behavioral control, intention of smoking, and self efficacy for rejecting smoking among smokers, reformed smokers, and non smokers in adolescence. The subjects were 576 adolescents in middle and high school, living in K city. The data was collected through questionnaires from December 1st to 18th, 2002 was analyzed using descriptive statistics, x²-test, and ANOVA. 1) The general characteristics and characteristics related to smoking among smokers, reformed smokers, and non smokers in adolescence showed differences as follows： sex, mother's education, monthly allowance, thinking about teacher's smoking, feelings about the smoking scene, thinking about father's smoking, drinking, satisfaction of school, and sexual experience. 2) Belief about social rule, differential peer association, perceived behavioral control, intention of smoking, and self efficacy for rejecting smoking among the three groups showed differences as follows： smokers have a lower belief about social rule, lower perceived behavioral control, lower self-efficacy for rejecting smoking, but higher differential peer association and higher intention of smoking than those of reformed smokers and non smokers. We recommend the development of a nursing program for anti-smoking behavior including the research factors affecting attitudes of smoking adolescents.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.326-336
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• 2014

본 연구는 한국인 성인을 대상으로 습관성 코골이와 대사증후군 구성 요소들과의 관련성에 대해 알아보고 또한 성별에 따른 차이점을 알아보고자 연구를 시행하였다. 2012년 3월부터 2012년 12월까지 일개 대학병원에 내원한 40세 이상 69세 이하까지 성인들 중 연구에 참여하기로 동의한 2,007명(남자 434명, 여자 1,573명)을 대상으로 하였다. 연구 대상자들에 대하여 구조화된 설문지를 작성하였고 신체 계측, 생활 습관 및 임상검사결과를 비교분석하였다. 연구 조사대상자들의 대사증후군의 유병률은 17.4% (남성 20.7%, 여성 16.5%)였으며, 연령이 증가할수록 대사증후군의 유병률도 같이 증가하였다. 연구 대상자에 대해 연령, 흡연, 음주, 수면시간, 규칙적 운동 변수를 보정한 후 다변량 로지스틱 회귀분석 결과 습관성 코골이에 의한 대사증후군의 위험이 여전히 유의하게 높았다(교차비: 1.96, 95% CI=1.45-2.66). 성별에 따라 연령, 음주, 흡연 요인을 보정한 후 다변량 로지스틱 회귀분석을 한 결과 여자에서 고밀도지질단백콜레스테롤, 혈당, 허리둘레의 발생 위험이 유의하게 높았으며(p<0.05), 대사증후군의 발생 위험도 유의하게 높았으나(교차비: 2.36, 95% CI= 1.64-3.40), 남자에서는 대사증후군 구성 요소 및 대사증후군 발생 위험이 높아지지 않았다.

• 대한수학교육학회지:학교수학
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.61-75
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• 2013

본 연구는 수학 학습에서 우리나라 학생들의 정의적 특성을 요인 분석과 인지 진단이론을 바탕으로 학교급과 성별에 따라 분석하였다. 이종희 외 6명(2011)이 개발한 정의적 성취 검사도구를 학교급별로 적용했을 때 요인 분석과 인지 진단 이론의 모델은 적합한 것으로 판명되었으며, 이에 따라 학교급과 성별 차이를 살펴보았다. 요인 분석에 의해 수치화된 정의적 성취는 학교급별로 평균의 차이가 있었는데, 중학교와 고등학교는 차이가 없었으나 초등학교와 중등학교 간에는 차이가 있었다. 또한 학교급 내에서 남녀 차이가 있었는데, 대체로 남학생의 정의적 성취가 여학생보다 더 긍정적이었다. 인지 진단 이론에 의해 학생들이 성취한 정의적 속성의 비율을 학교급과 성별로 살펴보았을 때, 중학생이 자기 통제와 불안을 가장 많이 성취하고 있었고, 모든 학교급에서 가장 많이 성취한 속성은 수학에 대한 가치 인식이었다. 학교급 내 남녀 학생들이 성취한 속성의 수를 살펴보면, 모든 학교급에서 남학생이 학습지향성, 흥미, 자신감을 성취한 비율이 여학생보다 높았고, 여학생들은 불안이 있는 경우의 비율이 남학생에 비해 높았다. 학생들의 개인별 프로파일을 보면, 불안은 없으면서 나머지 5가지 속성을 모두 성취한 학생들의 비율이 가장 높았다.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2013

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship of internet use time and health risk behaviors among adolescents and provide data to set up a strategy for preventing internet addiction. Methods: The data of the 2011 Youth Health Risk Behavior web-based Survey Collected by Korean Center for Disease Control was analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Chi-square test for this study. Results: There were significant differences between boys and girls in internet use time. Boy's internet use time was different according to city size(F=13.20, p<.001), grade(F=35.85, p<.001), school record(F=298.95, p<.001), economic state(F=326.75, p<.001), living with parents(t=11.60, p<.001), father's education level(F=147.92, p<.001), and mother's education level(F=110.93, p<.001). Girls' internet use time was also different according to school grade(t=-8.68, p<.001), grade(F=61.03, p<.001), school record(F=233.32, p<.001), economic state(F=185.78, p<.001), living with parents(t=10.81, p<.001), father's education level(F=86.54, p<.001), and mother's education level(F=92.64, p<.001). Regarding the health risk behaviors, present smoking, present alcohol drink, drug use skipping breakfast, eating fast food, drinking soda, sexual behavior, suicidal attempt, engagement time in physical education classes, severe exercise, and sleeping satisfaction made differences in the internet use time. Conclusions: The results suggest that health risk behaviors are influenced by internet use time of adolescents. Thus, these results may be contribute to development of programs to prevent internet addiction.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.267-278
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• 2018

Purpose: This study is to investigate working conditions including job stress among visiting nurses in public health centers in Korea. Methods: An social network based mobile survey was conducted in May 2017 (N=936, response rate: 47.0%). Results: The visiting nurses in this study had their average total career as a nurse is 13.7 years. The 68.3% of them were employed in an indefinite term, 17.0% were hired in a fixed term, and 11.0% came from outsourcing. They responded as high job-stress level including inadequate compensation (71.22/100) and job demands (71.91/100). They experienced down-talk (63.4%), swearwords (32.9%), being made a dirty face (39.9%), sexual jokes (30.8%), or being likened or evaluated with their appearance sexually (14.3%). Among the causes of job related conflicts and discrimination, deprived salary level was the most frequent reason (83.4%). The conflicts and discrimination were incurred by government officers (52.4%). There were no significant differences in overall job stress, emotional labor, organizational commitment, violence, and discrimination experience based on their employment types. Conclusion: The differences in working conditions among the non-regular nurses were trivial, and their overall working conditions were poor. It is necessary to improve non-regular nurses' working conditions in order to make up the limitations of the Korean healthcare system which is centered on hospitals.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.154-159
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• 2007

Manchurian trout (Brachymystax lenok) is an endangered fish species in East Asia including the Korean peninsula. To establish a method for artificial propagation and to improve our understanding of the reproduction in the species, we have produced recombinant gonadotropins, follicle-stimulating hormone (r-mtFSH) and luteinizing hormone (r-mtLH), which may play central roles in reproductive activities. In the present study, the biological activities of the recombinant hormones were analyzed by gonadosomatic index (GSI), ovarian follicle diameter, and sex steroid levels in mature rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). In the 6th day post-injection, FSH-injected fish were slightly decreased in the GSI value, although there were no significant differences among those of control, r-mtFSH, and r-mtLH treatments. Injection of the r-mtFSH increased follicle diameters significantly as compared with those of control- and r-mtLH-injected fish. The plasma steroid levels showed wide differences in the groups at 1, 3, or 6th day post-injection. Despite the variable steroid levels, three individuals receiving either r-mtFSH or r-mtLH showed a great increase in a maturation-inducing steroid, $17{\alpha},20{beta}$-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one, at 3 and 6 days. Taken together, these results suggest that biological efficacies of the recombinant FSH and LH should be further studied in the Manchurian trout.

• 복식
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.29-44
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to classify male consumer groups according to the fashion lifestyle, to examine characteristics, needs and wants of each group, and to find out differences of cosmetics purchasing behavior among each group segment. After surveying 19-50 year old males by making a visit to college, company and home, 584 samples were analyzed by using SPSS(7.0) package program. Factor analysis, cluster analysis, ANOVA, crosstabs and $X^2-test$ were used to analyse collected data. The results of this study were as follows; 1. Twenty-two questionnaires using AIO fashion lifestyle variables produced seven factors; oriented fashion, flaunting brand preference, active preference, information intention, strong personality, reasonable economy and others directivity. Three groups based on oriented seven factors: personality, fashion and economy. 2. The Personality group had strong personal characters in their fashion. Men in this group prefer casual style and were represented by singles and professionals in their 30's. The fashion group pursued fashion trends, formal wears, and high-priced fashions. They were represented by singles with high-income managerial positions in their 19-29 age group. The economy group represented the largest sample in this study(54.5%). Men in this group tended to purchase fashion goods during of good fabrics at discount stores. This group represented married man with average incomes in their 40's. 3. Each of these three groups showed significant differences in cosmetics purchasing behavior. The personality group mainly purchased cosmetics on-line market because of price. The Internet tended to be their primary source of informations. They spent under 10,000won and pursued a simple and clear image. The fashion group purchased cosmetics at department stores to benefit from the knowledge of sales personal and their source of informations in the mass media. They spent over 70,000won monthly and pursued also a simple and clear image. The economy group purchased cosmetics at discount stores because of their wide assortment of products. They spent under 30,000won monthly and pursued a simple and clear image. Each of these groups currently consume different products and have a different concept of future cosmetic products.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권13호
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• pp.5415-5420
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• 2015

Background: The present study was designed to ascertain knowledge about HPV, cervical cancer (CC) and the Pap test among female dental students of Panineeya Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Hyderabad, India. Materials and Methods: A self-administered questionnaire covering demographic details, knowledge relating to human papilloma virus (HPV) (8 items), cervical cancer (4 items) and the Pap smear (6 items) was employed. Responses were coded as "True, False and Don't Know". Mean and standard deviation (SD) for correct answers and levels of knowledge were determined. Results: Based on the year of study, significant differences in knowledge of HPV werenoted for questions on symptoms (p=0.01); transmission from asymptomatic partners (p=0.002); treatment with antibiotics (p=0.002); start of sexual activity (p=0.004); and recommended age for HPV vaccination (p=0.01). For knowledge regarding CC, significance was observed for the age group being affected (p=0.008) and symptoms of the disease in early stages (p=0.001). Indications for Pap smear tests like symptoms' of vaginal discharge (p=0.002), marital status (p=0.01) and women with children (p=0.02) had significant difference based on the year of study. Based on religion, transmission of HPV via pregnancy, HPV related diseases except CC and preventive measures except condom use and oral contraceptives showed significant differences. However, significant variation with religion was observed only for two preventive measures of CC (Pap test; p=0.004) and HPV vaccination (p=0.003). Likewise, only the frequency of Pap test showed a significant difference for religion (p=0.001). Conclusions: This study emphasizes the lack of awareness with regard to HPV, CC and screening with pap smear even among health professionals. Hence, regular health campaigns are essential to reduce the disease burden.