• Anxiety and mood
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 2016

Objective : The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between subjective sleep problems and various types of traumatic events of patients with depressive disorder. Methods : A total of 411 patients diagnosed with depressive disorders were recruited in this study. The participants filled out Life Time Events Checklist (LEC), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). We used the independent t-test and analysis of covariance to compare each component of PSQI between depressive patients with and without traumatic experiences. Results : The groups of patients who experienced a serious accident at work, home or during recreational activity, sexual assault, other unwanted or uncomfortable sexual experience, life-threatening illness or injury, and sudden, unexpected death of a near and dear one showed lower scores in a few components of PSQI. Sleep disturbance was a common problem in all five groups. Lower subjective sleep quality and longer sleep latency was observed in three groups. There were no differences in the other components of PSQI among groups. Conclusion : This study showed that various types of traumatic events may have different effects on subjective sleep quality as a consequence of the traumatic event which they had experienced.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.1684-1688
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• 2007

This study examined the caponization effects on the muscle characteristics (quality and quantity) of caponized male chickens fed before or after sexual maturity. Healthy and uniform Single Comb White Leghorn chickens were caponized at 3-week-old. Feeding was conducted until 16-week-old in trial 1 or from 12-week-old to 26-week-old in trial 2. Ten sham operated male chickens (Sham) were also assigned to each trial as the control group. Chickens used in both trials were housed in individual cages with each chicken representing one replicate. The results showed that early caponization (3-week-old) significantly increased (p<0.05) body weight and pectoral major muscle weight and percentage at 16-week-old compared to the Sham in trial 1. Caponization significantly increased (p<0.05) the protein content of the pectoral major muscle, but decreased (p<0.05) the ash content. Late caponization (12-week-old) significantly decreased (p<0.05) the ash content, myofibrillar ATPase activity and emulsification capacity of the pectoral major muscle in mature capons (26-week-old) compared to the Sham in trial 2. Early caponization (3-week-old) only increased the weight and protein content of the pectoral major muscle with decreased ash content in 16-week-old capons. Late caponization (12-week-old) showed no affects on pectoral major muscle quantity, while it decreased the ATPase activity and enhanced the emulsification capacity in mature (26-week-old) capons. Hence, the muscle quality improvement was shown as capons were fed to sexual maturity.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.4163-4167
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• 2016

Background: Cervical cancer is the second most common in Thailand, but the mortality rate may be rising yearly. It is a cancer that can be prevented by early screening for precancerous lesions, several methods being available. Objective: To identify the prevalence of abnormal Papanicolaou (Pap) smears and lesions with visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) in pregnant women and assess risk factors for this group. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was performed at Prapokklao Hospital, Thailand during April-July 2016. All pregnant women of gestational age between 12-36 weeks who attended an antenatal clinic were recruited. All participants were screened for cervical cancer by Pap smear and VIA. If results of one or both were abnormal, colposcopic examination was evaluated by gynecologic oncologist. Results: A total of 414 pregnant women were recruited. Prevalence of abnormal Pap smear and VIA were 6.0 and 6.7 percent, respectively. The most common abnormal Pap smear was low grade intraepithelial lesion (LSIL, 44%). Factors associated with abnormal Pap smear in pregnant women were low BMI, multiple partners and being a government officer. In pregnancy, Pap smear had higher sensitivity and specificity than VIA for detection of precancerous cervical lesion. Patients with young coitarche or more than 25 years of active sexual activity were high risk groups. Conclusions: Prevalence of abnormal Pap smear and VIA in pregnant women was 6.0 and 6.7 percent, respectively. Factors associated with abnormal Pap smear were coitarche, years of sexual activity, low BMI, multiple partners and being a government officer.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.40-45
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• 1985

Eight 2-yr old bulls from Artificial Breeding Center, NLCF were used to determine the effectof collection frequency on semen characteristics and sexual activity. Two successive ejaculates per day were collected by artificial vagina for 4 weeks on weekly or twice a week. Total ejaculate volume included 2nd ejaculates for one time and two time bulls was 6.8ml and 6.0ml, but there was no significant difference between collection intervals. Sperm concentration of one time and two time bulls averaged 0.79$\times$109/ml and 0.89$\times$109/ml, respectively. Total sperm per ejaculate was 5.14$\times$109 for one time bulls and 5.45$\times$10 for two time bulls. Two time bulls had slight more sperm per ml and ejaculate than one time bulls, but there were no significant differences between two group bulls. Sperm motility and semen pH of two time bulls was slightly better than that of one time bulls. In changes of bulk minerals in semen, solium concentration of two time bulls was similar to that of one time bulls. Potassium and calcium was more concentrated in one time bulls than in two time bulls, but these concentrations did not differ significantly. Libido score for two time bulls was higher than that for one time bulls. However, there was no difference between two groups and these scores did not change for 4 weeks in two goups. Total time to 2nd ejaculation was 16.3 sec for one time bulls and 20.5 sec for two time bulls.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.3993-4003
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• 2013

Scientific evidence for the primary prevention of cancer caused by physical activity of regular moderate-intensity or greater is rapidly accumulating in this field. About 300 epidemiologic studies on the association between physical activity and cancer risk have been conducted worldwide. The objectives of this paper were three-fold: (i) to describe briefly the components of physical activity and its quantification; (ii) to summarize the most important conclusions available from comprehensive reports, and reviews of the epidemiologic individual and intervention studies on a role physical activity in cancer prevention; (iii) to present proposed biological mechanisms accounting for effects of activity on cancer risk. The evidence of causal linked physical activity and cancer risk is found to be strong for colon cancer - convincing; weaker for postmenopausal breast and endometrium cancers - probable; and limited suggestive for premenopausal breast, lung, prostate, ovary, gastric and pancreatic cancers. The average risk reductions were reported to be 20-30%. The protective effects of physical activity on cancer risk are hypothesized to be through multiple interrelated pathways: decrease in adiposity, decrease in sexual and metabolic hormones, changes in biomarkers and insulin resistance, improvement of immune function, and reduction of inflammation. As there are several gaps in the literature for associations between activity and cancer risk, additional studies are needed. Future research should include studies dealing with limitations in precise estimates of physical activity and of a lack of consensus on what defines sedentary behavior of individuals and those linked with the proposed biomarkers to cancer risk and controlled exercise intervention trials.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.35 no.4 s.139
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• pp.364-367
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• 2004

Cordyceps militaris (CM) has been used as antidiabetics, anticancer, endocrine and sexual functions enhancement in the traditional medicine. Water soluble fractions of CM showed cytotoxic activities on the three kinds of human cancer cell lines, stomachic adenocarcinoma(SNU-1), colorectal adenocarcinoma (SNU-C4), and hepatocellular carcinoma(SNH-354). Cytotoxic activity guided isolation and identification of active fractions afforded cordycepin as an active component.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.13
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• pp.5137-5141
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• 2015

Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy among males worldwide, and is the second leading cause of cancer death among men in United States. According to GLOBOCAN (2012), an estimated 1.1 million new cases and 307,000 deaths were reported in 2012. The reasons for the increase of this disease are not known, but increasing life expectancy and modified diagnostic techniques have been suggested as causes. The established risk factors for this disease are advancing age, race, positive family history of prostate cancer and western diet (use of fat items). Several other risk factors, such as obesity, physical activity, sexual activity, smoking and occupation have been also associated with prostate cancer risk, but their roles in prostate cancer etiology remain uncertain. This mini-review aims to provide risk factors, disease knowledge, prevalence and awareness about prostate cancer.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.147-163
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• 1995

The unionid family Unionidae contains several genera in Korea, among which occru considerable variations in life histories and sexual conditions. Seven species from the Korea(Anodonta arcaeformis flavotincta, A. woodiana, Unio douglaseae, U. douglasiae sinuolatus, Lamprotula gottschei, Lanceolaria acrorhyncha, Solenaia triangularis)were stueide in order to identify and describe the seasonal gonadal activity and the visceral sex. The gonads of seven species were histologically examined by using the paraffin block technique for sectioning. All seven species were uniformly dioecious and testicular activity in six species except one species, S. triangularis, generated sperm-morulae(multinucleated cell). The annual reproductive cycle of the seven species could be classified into five successive stages; multicative, growing, mature, spent, deginerative and resting stages. The breeding season of six species was the summer and that of A. a. flavotincta was the winter.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.43-63
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• 1981

This study aimed to determine the effects of adrenalectomy on the sexual gland, the thyroid gland and the serum components. A total of 192 Wister strain albino rats were evenly divided into 4 sexually equal groups for the comparisons. Each groups was divided into a control and a treatment group by sexuality. Each tissue of the sexual gland and the thyroid gland was microscopically examined, and at the same time body weight and serum components were also examined on the 1st, 7th, 14th, 28th, 42nd, 56th, 70th and 84th day respectively following adrenalectomy. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The body weight was sufficiently retarded in decreasingly after the adrenalectomy as compared to that of control. 2. The histological change of testis started atrophy of spermatogonia and degeneration of spermatocyte. There was a, pp.ared no cell division activity. Spermatozoa in the seminiferous tuble was not noticed but degeneration of interstitial cell was started and spermatozoa in the epididymal duct disa, pp.ared. 3. Degeneration of oocyte and follicular cell was noticed as the histological change of ovary. There was not a, pp.arance of primary follicle and corpus Iuteum but interstitial cell was proliferated. 4. For the effect of adrenalectomy on the histological change of the thyroid gland, the number of small follicle decreased and that of large follicle increased as the time passed following the adrenalectomy. And the follicular epithelial cell became squamous as typical condition of functional decreased. 5. It was shown that in the total contents of serum protein no difference with control occurred with in the 70th day for male and female adrenalectomized, respectively. But the differences in protein contents were significanly decreased on the 70th day. 6. No difference occurred in the total serum lipids on the 7th day, but they decreased significantly on the 42nd day, and (P<0.01) on the 56th, and 70th day. A tendency to decrease was noted as time elapsed following adrenalectomy. 7. Increase and decrease were intercrossed in the serum cholesterol contents between the control and th treatment groups on the 28th day. But the difference significantly decreased on the 42nd, 56th, and 70th day after adrelalectomized. The contents showed tendency to decrease as time elapsed following adrenalectomy. 8. The blood glucose contents rapidly decreased with time. The difference were significant on the 28th and 42nd day, and highly significant on the 56th and 70th day for male adrenalectomized. 9. In case of solium, there was no noticeable sexual distinction. There was slight in creasing or decreasing for the control group. But the treatment group tended continuously to decrease for male and female. 10. It was shown that potassium contents tended to increase on the 28th day for male and female, but the differences were small. 11. As for chlorine, it tended to decrease rapidly on 7th day for male and female adrenalectomized, and the tendency continued.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.412-423
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• 2002

This study was designed to evaluate the effect of pelvic floor muscle exercise using biofeedback and electrical stimulation after normal vaginal delivery. The data were collected from November 1999 to April 2000 at a university hospital located in Seoul, Korea. Out of 49 women with normal vaginal delivery, 25 of experimental group(with exercise) and 24 of control group(without exercise) were questioned about lower urinary symptoms, discomfort during sexual intercourse and daily life. The maximum pressure of pelvic floor muscle contraction(MPPFMC) and duration of pelvic floor muscle contraction(DPFMC) were measured at pre-treatment, the end of treatment and 8 weeks after a treatment program. The pelvic floor muscle exercise program(using biofeedback and electrical stimulation) was applied to the experimental group twice a week for 4 weeks at the incontinence clinic and the pelvic floor muscle exercise at home for that time and more 8 weeks. Data were analyzed by t-test, $x^2$-test, Fisher's exact test and the repeated measures ANOVA. The results were as follows; 1) MPPFMC(p=0.000) and DPFMC(p=0.021) were significantly increased in the experimental group. 2) In the lower urinary symptoms, daily frequency(p=0.001), nocturia(p=0.002), incontinence episode(p=0.016), stress incontinence(p=0.012), quantity of incontinence(p=0.026), straining(p=0.041), and strength of stream(p=0.009) were significantly decreased in the experimental group. 3) Discomfort during sexual intercourse had not a significant difference between the two groups, which was not significantly decreased as time passed. 4) In the discomfort during daily life, activity restriction(p=0.042), exercise restriction (p=0.008), interpersonal relationship restriction(p=0.046), and discomfort of general life(p=0.027) showed a significant difference between the two groups, which were not significantly decreased as time passed. In conclusion, it is suggested that the pelvic floor muscle exercise using biofeedback and electrical stimulation might be a safer and more effective program for the improvement of postpartum pelvic muscle contraction.