• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.78-86
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• 1992

The induction of hepatic cytochromes P450 and metabolic effects have been examined in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats following treatment with either phenobarbital or 3-methylcholanthrene. Hepatic cytochrome P450 levels were higher in males than in females by ~40%. Treatment of male and female rats with phenobarbital or 3-methylcholanthrene resulted in an ~1.6 and 2-fold increase, respectively, in heptic microsomal cytochrome P450 levels in both sexes, relative to untreated animals. Immunoblot analyses were performed to compare sex-related changes in P450 levels. Hepatic P45IIB1 levels in males were greater than those in females following phenobarbital treatment. 3-Methylcholanthrene-induced male hepatic microsomes exhibited greater levels of P450 females failed to exhibit a band. Mab PCN 2-13-1 against P-45-IIIA recognized an intense in uninduced microsomes from female rats. The levels of P450IIIA in males were increased 2 to 3-fold following treatment with phenobarbital, while the increase of IIIA levels in females by phenobarbital was minimal, as monitored by immunoblot analysis. Solid phase radiommunoassay using monoclonal antibodies supported the results of immunoblot analysis. Phenobarbital treatment caused a 6.5-fold increase in the monoclonal iantibody binding to IIBI in males, whereas treatment of females with phenobarbital resulted of IA levels by 3-methylcholanthrene was also greater in females than in males (10-vs. 8-fold) although the levels of induced IA were comparable inboth sexes, as assessed by radiommunoassay. Radioimmunoassay also showed that hepatic IIEI level was 1.5-fold higher in males than in females and that either phenobarbital or 3-methylcholanthrene treatment caused 80% to 40% decrease in IIEL levels, relative to control, in both sexes. Sex-related metabolic activities were examined in hepatic microsomes. Hexobarbital hydroxylase activity was 2-to 3-fold higher in uninduced microsomes from males than that from females. This hydroxylase activity was increased 2-and 3-fold in males and females, respectively, following phenobarbital treatment, as compared to controls. Addition females produced 64% and 84% inhibition of hexobarbital oxidation, respectively. Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity was increased -12 and 26-fold in males and females respectively. Following phenobarbital treatment, as compared to controls. Addition of anti-P450IIB1 antibody to phenobarbital-induced hepatic microsomes from males and females produced 64% and 84% inhibition of hexobarbital oxidation, respectively. Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity was increased -12 and 26 fold in males and females, respectively, following 3-methylcholanthrene treatment relative to controls. The anti-P-450IA antibody inhibitable rate of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity was comparable in both sexes following 3-methylcholanthrene treatment relative to controls. The anti-P450LA antibody inhibitable rate of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity was comparable in both sexes following 3-methylcholanthrene treatment (-70%). These results demonstrate that levels of hepatic P450IIB1 or P450IA are greater in male than in female for untreated, phenobarbital-or-3-methylcholanthrene treated rats. In addition, the relative for untreated phenobarbital-or 3-methylcholanthrene treated rats. In addition, the relative increase of phenobarbital-or 3-methylcholanthrene treated rats. In addition, the relative increase of phenobarbital-or 3-methylcholanthrene treated rats. In addition, the relative increase of P450IIB1 or IA phenobarbital or 3-methylcholanthrene is more significant in females.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.29-37
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• 2005

13-week orally repeated dose toxicity was investigated to ascertain the toxic effects of Aristolochiae radix in F344 rats at dose levels of 0, 1 (0.003 AA, aristolochic acid, mg/kg), 5 (0.014 AA mg/kg), 25 (0.068 AA mg/kg), 125 (0.34 AA mg/kg), and 500mg/kg (AA 1.36 mg/kg). No mortalities were found in any of the dose groups including vehicle control groups of both sexes during the study period. Hematologic and serum biochemical examinations revealed no changes related to the test item in any of the dose groups of both sexes. However, gross findings at necropsy implicated thickening of the stomach wall. In histopathological examinations, prominent findings related to the test item treatment were observed in the stomach and urinary bladder. There were squamous cell papilloma, squamous cell hyperplasia, ulceration and erosion observed in the non-glandular stomach. Squamouse cell hyperplasia was observed at dose levels of more than 125 mg/kg in both sexes and squamous cell papilloma was observed at dose level of 500 mg/kg in both sexes. The incidence and severity of these proliferating lesions including squamous cell hyperplasia and squamous cell papilloma increased with dose dependency. Transitional cell hyperplasia was also observed in the urinary bladder at dose levels of more than 25 mg/kg in both sexes and the incidence and severity of the lesion increased with dose dependency. In conclusion, the toxic changes related to the test item treatment were observed in the stomach and urinary bladder, and the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) was estimated to be 5 mg/kg/day for both males and females in F344 rats.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.115-123
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• 2001

The crossover in fashion refers to the coordination of different items, each with a different atmosphere. In a broad sense, it is the mutual exchange across the existing areas, that is, the creation of a new style by disparate and opposite elements coexisting in a look. This paper studies typical features of the crossover shown in modern fashion based on sub-culture by examining the concept and formation factors of the crossover through social aspects rather than particular art modes to predict the current fashion and suggest a new direction. Crossover fashion appeared in social and cultural environments, has four characteristics : the visual discordance of sexes, the appearance of the lingerie look, the mixture of folk style, and the appearance of the reactionary mode. The crossover, appeared in sub-cultures and diffused into the public, may be considered the creation of a new sense of beauty and a possibility for the future. It is expected to keep expanding ifs range in fashion, since it is an expression of human will to restore liberal sensibility not confined to formality.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.73-76
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• 1968

The author analyzed 51 Korean male adults and 53 female adults with normal occlusion roentgenocephalometrically and following conclusions were obtained. 1. The angle between the Camper line and the maxillary occlusal line was $-6.22^{\circ}$ in male and $-4.76^{\circ}$ in female. There was not a considerable difference between male and female. 2. The angle formed by the Camper line and the Frankfort Horizontal line was $18.01^{\circ}$ in male and $17.3^{\circ}$ in female. Not a significant difference was found in both sexes. 3. The angles of NSL-$OL_s$, NSL-FH and $OL_s$-FH showed no considerable differences in both sexes.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.49-55
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• 1993

Neurofibromatosis is an autosomal deminant neurocutaneous systemic disease characterized by multiple Cafe-au-lait spots. generalized cutaneous neurofibromatosis. central nervous system tumors. skeletal defects and a myriad of somatic and endocrinologic abnormalities. It occurs in about 1:3000 live births and both sexes are equally affected. From 1989 to 1992, 21 patients who admitted to our department were evaluated in clinical aspects. Then we conclude as follows: 1) The onset was usually before 10 years of age. and the incidence between the sexes was approximately the same. 2) The familial tendency was approximately 48%. 3) The head and neck were the usual sites of the disease. 4) Bone changes occurred in about 24%. 5) Most of the tumor could be removed through early diagnosis to prevent recurrence. bone changes and malignant changes. And at the same time, trough reconstructive surgery, results both functionally as well as aesthetically satisfactory could be achieved.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.109-116
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• 1995

Single intravenous and oral administration to SD rats and ICR mice of both sexes were performed to investigate the acute toxicity of DWC-751, a new parenteral cephalosporin. $LD_50$ values for ICR mice and SD rats administered intravenously with DWC-751 were as follows; 1151.1 mg/kg (male SD rat), 1183.5 mg/kg (female SD rat), 2698.1 mg/kg (male ICR mouse), 2833.0 mg/kg (female ICR mouse). It is suggested that $LD_50$ values in rats and mice of both sexes would be 5000 mg/kg in oral route. Major general symptoms induced by injection intravenously with DWC-751 are decreased motor activity, increased respiratory rate, tremor and convulsion. In oral route, piloerection and soft stool are observed to 4 day after administration. No significant body weight changes were observed at any level in the groups administered with DWC-751. The gross finding of rats administered intravenously was observed cecum distension.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.63-68
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• 1987

상품보존 차원에서 활용할 수 있는 생리적 기초자료를 얻고자 재래오골계를 대상으로 혈액상 및 혈액화학치를 조사하였던 바 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 적혈구상 및 백혈구수에 있어서는 암수 모두 성장에 따른 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았고, 성간에도 역시 유의성이 인정되지 않았다. 2. 혈액화학치에 있어서 총단백량과 혈당치는 암수 각각 주령에 따라 다소 증가하였고, 콜레스테롤의 함량은 암수 모두 주령에 관계없이 일정한 수준을 나타내었으나 전반적으로 수컷에서 높은 경향이었다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.25-31
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• 1975

A study of the effects of multibanded orthodontic appliances on the oral lactobacilli was conducted on 41 multibanded group and 41 caries free group. The following conclusions were obtained. 1. In multibanded group, the average count of lactobacilli per milli-liter of saliva showed about 219,300 in male and 254,100 in female. In caries free group, the mean count of lactobacilli per milli-liter of saliva showed about 66,700 in male and 68,500 in female, Therefore, the average of lactobacilli in multibanded group was much higher than that of the caries free group in both sexes. 2. The average of all the types of lactobacilli colonies (Disk-type, Bell-type, Y-type) in multibanded group was much more than that of caries free group. 3. Multibanded orthodontic appliances were found to sufficiently alter oral environment to significantly affect disk-types and total counts in both sexes and bell-type in female, at $1\%$ level of confidence. But changes in bell-type and y-type, in male, were considered to be significant at $5\%$ level of confidence.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.97-102
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• 2001

This study was performed to evaluate the actue sbucutaneous toxicity of hydroxyapatite sinter produced from tuna bone in Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats. Hydroxyapatite sinter was administrated at dose levels of 5000, 2500, 1250, 625, 312.5 and 0 mg/kg. After single subcutaneous adiminstration to both sexes to both sexes SD rats, we observed rats for 14 days. Hydroxyapatite sinter did not induce any toxic signs inmortalities, clinical findings, body weights and gross findings of the rats. In view of result, it was impossible to estimate LD/ sub 50/ values in SD rats. In conclusion, these results suggest that hydroxyapatite sinter produced from tuna bone has no effect on acute subcutaneous toxicity in SD rats.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제9권1호통권17호
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• pp.131-144
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• 1991

The present study investigated childrens' self-perceived competence as related to(1) home environment variables (2) school grades and sexes of children. The subjects were 297 fourth-and sixth grade-children selected from two elementary schools on Seoul. The instruments were a children's self-perceived competence scala and the HOME scale. Frequences, correlation, two way-ANONA and multiple regression were used for data analysis. There were correlations between home environment variables and children's self-perceive competence partially. Fourth grade children perceived themselves higher than sixth grade children in global self-worth. Boys perceived themselves higher than girls in physical competence. The variables that influence on children's self-perceived competence very with their grades and sexes.