• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.127-139
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to find out the relationships among the elderly's self-esteem and life-adjustment according to decision-making power in their family. Interview survey was conducted and were selected. 296 over age 60 who lived in Jeonju. Frequencies, Percentiles, Pearson's correlation, t-test, ANOVA and Duncan's method were utilized for data analysis. The findings of this study were as follows ; 1) Decision-making power of the elderly in family had significant differences according to sex, coresiding with married children, and the sum of monthly personal expenses. 2) Elderly's self-esteem had significant differences according to sex, the present job, the situation of a spouse, and the sum of the monthly personal expenses. 3) Elderly's life-adjustment had significant difference according to residence type, the present job, the situation of a spouse, religion, education, and the sum of the monthly personal expenses. 4) Clothing and food in family had significant differences according to sex. 5) The elderly men's self-esteem had positive relationship with housing, sons and daughters guidance, grandchildren care, and family event and etc. But the elderly women's self-esteem had positive relationship with food, grandchildren care, and family event and etc. 6) The elderly men's life-adjustment had positive relationship with clothing, food, housing, family economy, sons and daughters guidance, grandchildren care, and family event and etc. But the elderly women's life-adjustment had positive relationship with food, housing, sons and daughters guidance, grandchildren care, and family event and etc.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.294-304
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between dietary behavior and the nutrient intake status in the youth of rural areas, based on their personal characters such as their sex, age, family type, number of family members, mother's age, occupation, and school career. This study was made by use of a self-administrated questionnaire with a 24-hour recall for 5days as an instrument with 439 randomly selected students. Statistical methods applied to analyze the data were frequency, percent, Willcoxon Rank-sum test, Kruskal-wallis test, x2-test by contingence table, and Spearman's correlation coefficient in non parametric statistical cases. Some of the interesting results are as follows : 1) The correlation between sex and breakfast is highly significant. That is, over 80% of male students had breakfast every day, whereas only about 60% of female students had breakfast every day. Bad table manners and some other problems are insignificant with respect to the personal characters in the relations between the personal characters and eating behaviors. However, the regularity of every meal, the frequency of having meals with other family members, and the frequency of meals eaten out and snacks show significant differences. 2) The mother's occupation does not have any influence on the nutrient intake of their students when the relationship between personal characters and nutrient intake was analysed. On the other hand sex, the mother's school career, the numbers of family members, the type of family, and the income of the family showed significant differences nutrient intakes. 3) The regularity and the frequency of having meals, meals eaten out with their family members, and the table manners during meals showed significant differences in the intake of nutrient elements such as calorie, protein, fat, fiber, calcium, iron, phosphorus, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, niacin and vitamin C. However some consideration during meals and problems in eating habit are insignificant with regard to nutrient intake.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.106-114
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• 2020

Background: Determining patterns of habitat use is key to understanding of animal ecology. Approximately 1% of bird species use brood parasitism for their breeding strategy, in which they exploit other species' (hosts) parental care by laying eggs in their nests. Brood parasitism may complicate the habitat requirement of brood parasites because they need habitats that support both their host and their own conditions for breeding. Brood parasitism, through changes in reproductive roles of sex or individual, may further diversify habitat use patterns among individuals. However, patterns of habitat use in avian brood parasites have rarely been characterized. In this study, we categorized the habitat preference of a population of brood parasitic lesser cuckoos (Cuculus poliocephalus) breeding on Jeju Island, Korea. By using compositional analyses together with radio-tracking and land cover data, we determined patterns of habitat use and their sexual and diurnal differences. Results: We found that the lesser cuckoo had a relatively large home range and its overall habitat composition (the second-order selection) was similar to those of the study area; open areas such as the field and grassland habitats accounted for 80% of the home range. Nonetheless, their habitat, comprised of 2.54 different habitats per hectare, could be characterized as a mosaic. We also found sexual differences in habitat composition and selection in the core-use area of home ranges (third-order selection). In particular, the forest habitat was preferentially utilized by females, while underutilized by males. However, there was no diurnal change in the pattern of habitat use. Both sexes preferred field habitats at the second-order selection. At the third-order selection, males preferred field habitats followed by grasslands and females preferred grasslands followed by forest habitats. Conclusions: We suggest that the field and grassland habitats represent the two most important areas for the lesser cuckoo on Jeju Island. Nevertheless, this study shows that habitat preference may differ between sexes, likely due to differences in sex roles, sex-based energy demands, and potential sexual conflict.

• 척추신경추나의학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.37-48
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• 2008

Objective : In treatment of lumbar spine herniation of nucleus pulpous, the different result in accordance with difference of sex, age, medical history, part, or type. Methods : After 49 patients who were diagnosed as HNP of L-spine were grouped by sex, age, medical history, part, or type, they were compared and analyzed on the basis of difference between measuring VAS and ODI as they were hospitalized and as they were discharged. Results : 1. In terms of differences by gender, males' average degree of VAS improvement was 63.92 and females' average degree of VAS improvement was 59.8. Also, Males' average ODI improvement index was 12.36 and females' average ODI improvement index was 12.5. 2. In terms of differences by age, Teens recorded highest degree of VAS improvement and ODI improvement index. 3. In terms of differences by medical history, Most acute or acute patients showed higher degree of VAS improvement and ODI improvement index than subacute or chronic patients. 4. There were no significant distinguishing markscomparing between one diseased part and other. 5. As the research that focused on different type, Extrusion type had better improvement by medical treatment than Protrusion type. Conclusion : This research drew the result as above, but recognizable statistical relation could not be found in the result. Therefore there needs much sustainable research to deduce meaningful result.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.618-627
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• 2004

Purpose: To investigate the dental health status of kindergarten children according to their oral health behavior. Method: The subjects were 172 kindergarten children aged 5. A structured questionnaire was used for dental health behavior and oral health status were examined by dentist and bacteria in salivary. Result: 1. Mean score of oral health behavior of children was 4.69 points (SD1.65) with the highest score being 13. No significant differences were observed according to sex, except using tooth paste. A total 71.5% of subjects brushed their tooth twice a day, 9.9% of them once a day, 18.6% of them three times a day, 19.2% of children brushed their teeth after breakfast and lunch, 89.5% of then after dinner, 5.8% of them before going to bed, 18.6% of children brushed correctly, 79.7% of them used tooth paste with fluorine, 3.5% of them regularly examined oral cavity, 84.4% of them took cariogenic food without any restrain, 67.1% of them were observed with oral cavity by their mother. 2. Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli in the saliva was $3.66({\times}106CFU/m{\ell})\;and\;1.05({\times}103CFU/m{\ell})$, respectively. No significant differences were observed according to sex, while lactobacilli were significantly lower in those children who had regular dental examinations. 3. The index of plaque was 1.56 and the boys were significantly higher than the girls. The mean dft was 4.99. No significant differences were observed according to sex, while the children whose oral cavity was observed regular were significantly lower than those who were not observed. Conclusion: As a whole the practice of oral health behavior of the kindergarten children was poor, and regular dental examinations and oral cavity observations affect their dental health status. These results suggest that intensive dental health education was needed not only for the pre-school children but also their parents and teachers.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.260-269
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• 2021

Objective: To identify the most favorable sites that optimize the initial stability and survival rate of orthodontic mini-implants, this study measured hard and soft tissue thicknesses in the median and paramedian regions of the palate using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and determined possible sex- and age-related differences in these thicknesses. Methods: The study sample comprised CBCT images of 189 healthy subjects. The sample was divided into four groups according to age. A grid area was set for the measurement of hard and soft tissue thicknesses in the palate. Vertical lines were marked at intervals of 0, 1.5, and 3.0 mm lateral to the midpalatal suture, while horizontal lines were marked at 2-mm intervals up to 24 mm from the posterior margin of the incisive foramen. Measurements were made at 65 points of intersection between the horizontal and vertical lines. Results: The palatal hard tissue thickness decreased from the anterior to the posterior region, with a decrease in the medial-to-lateral direction in the middle and posterior regions. While the soft tissue was rather thick around the lateral aspects of the palatal arch, it formed a constant layer that was only 1-2-mm thick throughout the palate. Statistically significant differences were observed according to sex and age. Conclusions: The anterolateral palate as well as the midpalatal suture seem to be the most favorable sites for insertion of orthodontic mini-implants. The thickness of the palate differed by age and sex; these differences should be considered while planning the placement of orthodontic mini-implants.

• 무역학회지
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.255-283
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• 2016

본 연구는 EU와 한-EU FTA에 대한 이해와 중요성 등의 인식 변수들 간의 관계를 실증적으로 분석하고 있다. 연구결과 첫째, 이해도와 중요성에 대한 대학생들의 인식은 미국, 일본, 중국과 비교할 때 다소 낮게 나타났다. 한-EU FTA에 대한 이해도와 중요성은 한-미 FTA보다 다소 낮게 나타났다. 교차분석 결과 성별과 각 지역·국가 간 이해도와 연관성이 나타났고 성별에 따라 EU의 중요성에 대한 차이가 나타났다. 분산분석 결과, 대학생들이 EU에 대한 이해도가 높을수록, 한-EU FTA 중요성을 높게 인식할수록 한-EU FTA의 한국경제 공헌도, EU 통합과 EURO의 세계경제에 대한 공헌도가 높은 것으로 인식하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 정준상관분석 결과, 학년·성별에 따라 주요 지역·국가 간의 중요성 인식 간에는 정준상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 판별분석 결과, 한국-EU FTA의 한국경제 공헌도에 대해서는 차이성이 나타났다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.475-479
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• 1998

Data on body weights were analyzed in the four genetic groups from all possible crosses of two subspecies of mice to estimate average direct genetic effects (ADGE), average maternal genetic effects (AMGE) and heterotic effect (HE). The genetic groups used were $CF_{{\sharp}1}$ laboratory mouse (Mus musculus domesticus), Yonakuni wild mouse (Yk, Mus musculus molossinus yonakuni) and two reciprocal $F_1$ crosses of them, CY and YC. First symbol in the reciprocal $F_1$ represent subspecies of dam. Body weight at 1 (Wk1), 3 (Wk3), 6 (Wk6) and 10 weeks of age (Wk10) were analyzed from 258 mice of the four genetic groups. The model used to evaluate body weights included main effects of genetic group and sex, and interaction effect between genetic group and sex. The ADGE and the AMGE were estimated as deviations of Yk from $CF_{{\sharp}1}$. The HE was estimated from the differences between the reciprocal $F_1$ and the midparent mean. Results of this study showed that all effects, except sex and interaction between genetic group and sex at Wk1 and Wk3, were highly significant source variation (p < 0.01). The ADGE were positive and highly significant (p < 0.01) at all ages studied for both sexes, while the AMGE were highly significant at Wk3, Wk6 and Wk10. The ADGE were larger in contributing effect on body weight differences than the AMGE. The positive value of the HE were observed at all ages for males, while for females the positive effects occured from birth through weaning.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.929-937
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• 2009

본 논문은 성적소구의 패션 POP 광고맥락에서 노출유형과 할인율 메시지 사용에 따른 커뮤니케이션 효과의 차이를 규명하는 데에 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 성적소구유형(완전노출, 반노출, 밀착, 비노출)과 할인율 메시지(유/무)를 집단간 조건으로 상정하고, $4\times2$ 요인설계로 각 조건에 35명씩 무작위로 할당하여 총 280명의 남녀 대학생을 대상으로 실험을 실시하였다. 그 결과, 성적소구 패션 POP 광고의 노출유형에 따라 광고감정, 광고태도, 브랜드 태도에 있어 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타난 반면, 할인율 메시지 적용 유무에 따라서는 유의한 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 광고인지에서 노출유형과 할인율 메시지 사용에 따른 상호작용 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 실제 패션매장의 매출액 제고를 위한 성적소구 패션 POP 광고의 유형과 성적소구 패션 POP 광고에서의 할인율 메시지의 적용 여부에 대해 전략적 시사점을 제공하고 있다.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.69-84
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• 2001

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the relationship between self-concept and clothing behavior of elementary school children. For this purpose. 301 third and sixth graders two schools in Daegu-city were sampled. The \`Test of Self-Concept\` and \`Questionnaire on the Clothing Behavior\` were administered purpose of this study. The collected data were analyzed by the SPSS/PC Windows programs according to the research issues. Means and standard deviations were calculated and a three-way analysis of variance was applied to analyze the effects of grades, sex(gender) and self-concept on the clothing behavior. The major results of this study were as follows: 1. It was found that the mean score of the clothing behavior was significantly different depending the level of self-concept (group). The mean scores of manageability. psychological dependency interest and conformity of the high self-concept. group were significantly higher than those of the low self-concept group. But. there was no significant difference between the high and low self-concept groups in the mean score of comformity. 2. There were statistically significant differences between the sex of children in the mean score of the clothing behavior. It was found that the mean score of manageability, psychological dependency and interest of the female students were significantly higher than those of the male students. However the mean score of the comfortability of male students was significantly higher than that of the female students. In the meantime there was no significant difference between the sex of students in the mean score of comformity. 3. There were statistically significant differences in the mean score of the clothing behavior according to the graders of children . It was found that the mean scores of manageability, psychological dependency, interest and comfortability of the third graders were significantly higher those that of the sixth graders. But, there was no significant difference depending the grades of students in the mean score of conformity. 4. There were statistically significant interaction effects between the sex and the grade of children on the mean score of interest and comfortability. It was found that the mean score of interest of male third graders was higher than that of male sixth graders. The mean score of comfortability of the female third graders higher than that of sixth graders.