• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.361-378
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• 2021

While the pavement rating system is being utilized for periodic road condition assessment in the Eastern Region municipality of Saudi Arabia, the condition assessment is costly, time-consuming, and not comprehensive as only few parts of the road are randomly selected for the assessment. Thus, this study is aimed at developing a condition assessment model for a specific sample of a residential road network in Dammam City based on an individual road and a road network. The model was developed using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) according to the defect types and their levels of severity. The defects were arranged according to four categories: structure, construction, environmental, and miscellaneous, which was adopted from sewer condition coding systems. The developed model was validated by municipality experts and was adjudged to be acceptable and more economical compared to results from the Eastern region municipality (Saudi Arabia) model. The outcome of this paper can assist with the allocation of the government's budget for maintenance and capital programs across all Saudi municipalities through maintaining road infrastructure assets at the required level of services.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2013.01a
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• pp.367-374
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• 2013

Underground infrastructure systems provide essential public services and goods through buried structures including water and sewer, gas and petroleum, power and communication pipelines. The majority of existing underground infrastructure systems was installed in green field areas prior to development of complex urban built environments. Currently, there is a global trend to escalate major demand for underground infrastructure system renewal and new installation while minimizing disruption and maintaining functions of existing superstructures. Therefore, Engineers and utility owners are rigorously seeking technologies that minimize environmental, social, and economic impact during the renewal and installation process. Trenchless technologies have proven to be socially less disruptive, more environmentally friendly, energy conservative and economically viable alternative methods. All of those benefits are adequate to enhance overall sustainability. This paper describes effective sustainable solutions using trenchless technologies. Sustainability is assessed by a comparison between conventional open cut and trenchless technology methods. Sustainability analysis is based on a broad perspective combining the three main aspects of sustainability: economic; environmental; and social. Economic includes construction cost, benefit, and social cost analysis. Environmental includes emission estimation and environmental quality impact study. Social includes various social impacts on an urban area. This paper summarizes sustainable trenchless technology solutions and presents a sustainable construction method selection process in a proposed framework to be used in urban underground infrastructure capital improvement projects.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.45-57
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• 2023

To assess land subsidence estimation and preparedness in the Geum River basin, this study applied GIS techniques and identified six key areas. The Geum River basin has experienced an increase in heavy rainfall since late 2010, and four study areas have shown an increase in groundwater levels. Land subsidence primarily occurred from June to September, with higher rainfall years in 2020 and 2023. Approximately 83.6% of land subsidence in Chungcheongbuk-do province occurred in Cheongju-si, mainly attributed to aging sewage pipes. The regions experiencing population growth have likely led to the construction of underground infrastructures and sewer pipes. Thus, it is considered that various factors, including sewage pipe leaks, precipitation, slope gradient, low drainage density, and groundwater level fluctuations, have contributed to land subsidence. Improving land subsidence estimation involves incorporating additional natural factors and human activities.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.276-287
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• 2013

Domestic sewage contains increasingly more pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), due to rising use of medicines, health supplement food and daily necessities. And various types of industrial wastewater from pollution sources in treatment areas could flow into the public sewerage treatment plants (PSTPs) in metropolitan areas. The conventional PSTPs are designed to treat suspended solids, biodegradable organics, nitrogen and phosphorous from residential and industrial areas and public facilities. However, toxic, conventional, and non-coventional pollutants from non-domestic sources that discharge into sewer system as well as domestic source with various chemicals could not be treated in the conventional PSTPs and discharged untreated to public basin. In this paper we aim to consider the establishment system of effluent standard of PSTPs in comparison with water quality standard of water environment and wastewater discharge regulation. And also we suggest the necessity of regulations on the pretreatment of industrial wastewater as part of efforts to improve water quality in sewerage systems and to protect public basin.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.75-80
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• 1997

In other to construct a subway, we have to consider the position of the subway and acquisition of a topography, profile-map, cross-map, underground facilities map. All information of underground is demanded accurate location in other to prevent of accident of underground in subway construction. We must think about water lines, sewer lines, electronic lines, telephone lines, all urban gas-line because these are needed construction the subway. And attributes of underground facilities recorded on topography are characteristics. length, width. number, position, and depth of the lines. We have to record these attributes because these are very important to design map on subway construction. If we develop GIS (Geographic Information System) to use the exact in-formation of the underground facilities, we can be management safely and prevent very dangerous accident as fast as possible. In this study, attribute informations are linked geographic informations about underground facilities and we can develop Underground Facilities Management System(UFMS) to analysis dangerous region through dangerous degreed and predict accident range with these informations.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.463-467
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• 2000

In this paper, we have implemented the Web Server Patient Monitoring System using PPP. It is composed of two parts. The first part is the Analog board for acquiring ECG signals. The second part is the module for processing and transmitting the acquired signal. The second part is using PPP for dial-up networking, TCP/IP for Internet, HTTP for web browser and JAVA program for a Patient Monitoring Program in one chip. In home, it is not need to establish another network line because it uses a telephone line. And a user who want to monitor a patient's biosignal can monitor a patient without wholly open network because it is the network sewer. The Patient Monitoring Program runs on a web browser by downloaded JAVA codes when a user connect to this system. It can make the Home Patient Monitoring Program decrease cost. It can help to avoid the limitation of monitoring a patient.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.11-19
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• 2006

Sewerage is the system that improves the quality of human life and prevents many disasters such as floods. However the investigators in Korea only have been concerned about the sewer system, so the sewage treatment plant stays in the basic level like mapping. For example, only one attribute can be recognized in the linear object. Because of this limitation, it makes difficult to manage the linear attribute regarding to the sewage pipe plan. And it is impossible to control a partial (point type, line type) attribute changes of the linear object. We will therefore present the applicable method for the attribute changes of the linear object like the sewage pipe plans. For this reason, this paper is designed on the basis of Dynamic Segmentation(DS). DS has the advantage of giving the attribute value to the exact place in the linear object. As a result of using DS, the variety environment changes around the sewage pipes are applied to the building sewerage data. This also makes it possible to get a precise estimation for the maximum dirty water amount.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.61-68
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• 2018

This paper propose the remote monitoring system using LoRa networks about storm overflow chamber, which is a device designed to discharge rainwater directly to a sewage treatment plant when it reaches a certain amount of rainfall during precipitation. In this system, when the information produced by the sensor is transmitted to the LoRa network server and updated, the application server can automatically receive data through the implemented communication interface. The application server carries out management functions of storm overflow chamber devices and subscription information, collects measured flow rate and opening-closing information, and provides statistical information using the collected data. The android app performs a firebase-based notification function to prompt the user of malfunctioning of the storm overflow chamber device.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 1984

The hospital wastewaters have to be so disposed as to prevent disease and to protect water resources from hazardous substances disinfectants, medicines, and chemicals. Polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine complex (povidone-iodine) is widely used in the hospital as one of disinfectants. This study was carried out to manifest the effect of disinfectants in growth of activated sludge in treatment of the hospital wastewater by the activated sludge process. The results are as follow. 1. An average water quality of the hospital wastewater showed 7.2 in pH, 3.2 ppm in DO, 293.3 ppm in SS, 96.0 ppm in BOD, 151.1 ppm in COD, 0.4 ppm in povidone-iodine, 0.5 ppm in phenols, 5.4 ppm in surfactants, 1.6 ppm in o-phosphate, 4.6 ppm in $NH_3-N, 249\times 10^4$ counts/100 ml in coliform group organisms, and $1,369\times 10^2$ counts/ml in general counts of bacteria. And wastewater amounts discharged per bed was calculated 70 l/d/bed. 2. In batch culture activated sludge process, each of cresol and povidone-iodine was not effected in less than 0.1 ppm concentration, but the more concentration, the more inhibit the growth rate of activated sludge. In the mixture of two disinfectants, the growth was more inhibited the effect of single disinfectants. So that this reaction is considered as addition effect of two disinfectants. 3. The removal rates of the disinfectants-by continuous culture activated sludge process were 77.6% in 0.4 ppm povidone-iodine, and in BOD was 85.6%. 4. It is desirable that the hospital wastewater is planed in order to be discharged to two system separately, sewer from life system and wastewater from medical system. From those results, it has been concluded that the hospital wastewater has to be treated safely by the activated sludge process.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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• 1998.06a
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• pp.95-112
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• 1998

Water quality in the public water course has been polluted more seriously than ever before due to the increase of the number and aremount of pollution sources such as domestic and industrial wastewater. For water quality conservation, the Korean government has been trying to construct sewage treatment facilities continually, of which treatment capacity reached to 11,452,400m$^{3}$/day in 1996. Night soil treatment facilites of m nationwide have the treatment capacity of 24,038m$^{3}$/day. But water quality has not been improved because the sewer systems were insufficient and the treatment efficiencies of sewage were not high, enough. For renovation of water quality, miscellaneous domestic wastewater must be treated because 27g BOD/day out of total 40g BOD/person-day come from miscellaneous wastewater, comparing to 13g BOD/day from night soil. However, sole treatment purifier treat only night soil from the flushing toilet. Therefore, it may be desirable to treat the miscellaneous domestic wastewater and the night soil from flushing toilet together by joint treatment purifier system as on-site domestic wastewater treatment technology. In Korea, the joint treatment purifier system, introduced in 1997, have the benefit as follows; i) good water poiluion control effect, ii ) good effect on river water flow, iii) water pollution control with sewage treatment facility, and iv) rapid pollution control effect, etc. In order to achieve a good effect as stated before, i ) strengthening effluent guideline including BOD, nitrogen and phosphorus, ii ) specializing operation to maintain high performance, and iii) supporting its construction and maintenance costs by the governmental level may be necessary: In addition, automation system of joint treatment purifier, technology for its package and compactness, and a new bio-media bio-filter with higher capacity should be further developed in agreement with a more stringent effluent guideline.