• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.107-130
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• 2005

The purpose of this study were to examine the spatial distribution and locational characteristics of the Internet movie industry, to seize the value chains of the Internet movie industry and distribution structure of the internet movies, and to analyze the vertical-horizontal linkages of the Internet movie firms and their spatial clustering. Recently, the Internet movie industry has developed rapidly due to the development of techniques related to movie contents, the broadband Internet and a wide expansion of the high speed communication network and the increase of demands on movie contents. It has been found that 74$\%$ of the Internet movie industry was concentrated in Seoul. Especially this industry was quite agglomerated in several dongs of Gangnam-gu such as Yoeksam, Nonhyeon, Daechi and Samseung. The proximity of the same or similar business firms was the primary locational factors that influenced on the Internet movie industry, followed by other factors such as convenience of transportation, the reputation of the place, and proximity of technically supporting firms. The Internet movie industry had the valve chain composed of 'contents suppliers $\rightarrow$ contents distributors $\rightarrow$ service providers', However, there were also a complex network of the VOD copyright owner, VOD syndicator, and service providers in each category of the value chain. This research clearly revealed that the localized clustering has been formed with the movie contents providers, technically supporting firms, client firms, and cooperative-affiliated business firms related to the Internet movie industry, Additionally, a very intimate network has been established within the clustering, inducing the enlargement of the market and decrease of costs, the co-sharing of tacit knowledge, and the synergy effect.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.36
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• pp.109-132
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• 2006

It is difficult to found the concept of public interest properly, being ambiguous to distinguish media and service as to the convergence of broadcasting and telecommunications. Accordingly, it is necessary to found the concept of public interest not related to the character of media and service in the age of digital convergence. Therefore this study intended to re-found the concept of public interest, as to industrial changes in the age of convergence of broadcasting and telecommunications. The convergence of broadcasting and telecommunications causes the changes of value chain, which includes contents, platform, network, terminal. It could not help avoiding modifying the industrial structure of broadcasting and telecommunications, because of the changes of value chain. The changes of industrial structure needs the changes of ideology, regulatory policy, regulatory system, and it creates the foundation of new regulatory idea. The purpose of regulatory idea in the age of digital convergence is to practice public interest, and it is an ultimate purpose to increase consumers' welfare. Consequently, for increasing comsumer' welfare, it is necessary to achieve diversity, fairness, objectivity, the preservation of social value in the aspect of contents. Also in the aspect of platform, it is necessary to achieve the protection of privacy, consumer protection, harmful information blocking, and in the aspect of network, it is necessary to achieve the maintenance of secure network, fair competition. Finally, in the aspect of terminal, it is necessary to achieve the maintenance of compatibility, the solution for digital divide. Then regulatory policy of each value chain from a legal and institutional perspective, should be promoted to provide public interest, step by step.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.91-106
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• 2010

Recently, interest in supply chain management is rising along with the increasing oil prices and traffic congestion. In particular, people started studying the issue, but realized that advantageous strategies for suppliers and retailers are not always advantageous to a carrier. Therefore, in this study the atuhors set up a simulation scenario to understand delivery vehicle routing problems under various inventory policies, namely Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) and Periodic Order Quantity (POQ) and network configurations. First, the authors made a virtual supply chain. Then they analyzed characteristics of delivery vehicle routing under various inventory policies (EOQ and POQ) and network configurations. As a result, the POQ inventory policy decreases the number of vehicles, the number of drivers, and the service time of vehicles. Also, the centralized network increases the load factor of vehicles and decreases the service time of vehicles. In other words, the centralized network and the POQ inventory policy are better for the carrier. These results show a savings of 15,556,806 won ($13,389.10) in a month: a reduction of 17%.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.163-184
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• 2003

This study was conducted to survey the farm which suffered from disease similar to classical swine fever(CSF) in Gyeongbuk province. Clinical signs appeared first in a few number of growing pigs which showed specific signs of diarrhea, depression, sleepiness, and reluctance to get up or to eat. Younger piglets may have appeared chilled, shiver and huddle together. As the disease progresses the affected pig's skin went red and purple. In histopathological signs, there were many haemorrhages throughout the body and larger haemorrhages in some organs such as lymph nodes. And there is a precipitous fall in the number of circulating leukocytes in the blood. In spite of insisting of farmer which did not vaccinate to classical swine fever, significant antibody production was detected in these affected pigs at enzyme-linked immuonsorbent assay. According to the above results at first glance, these affected pig suspected with CSF in clinical signs and histopathological lesions only. Because the symptoms and post-mortem picture were very similar to CSF, these false positive results would have been dangerous to diagnostician. But by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and comparative nucleotide sequence analysis, the disease was correctly diagnosed with post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome(PMWS) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome(PRRS) compoundly. And the antigen which were detected the lesion similar to CSF virus, was confirmed with LOM vaccine strain of CSF. In most national CSF eradication program and in countries which are free of the CSF virus, vaccination against CSF is not practiced and generally is not allowed. But now in Korea, routine vaccination is practiced because of outbreaking the CSF repeatedly. When CSF is diagnosed the whole herd and other in contact animal are slaughtered continuously.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.7-16
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• 2012

Despite the enforcement of SSM control laws such as 'the Law of Developing the Distribution Industry (LDDI)' and 'the Law of Promoting Mutual Cooperation between Large and Small/medium Enterprises (LPMC)' stipulating the business adjustment system, the number of super-supermarkets (SSMs) has ever been expanding in Korea. In France, however, Super Centers are being regulated most strongly and directly in the whole Europe viewing that there is not a single SSM in Paris, which is emphasized to be the outcome from French government's regulation exerted on the opening of large scale retail stores. In France, the authority to approve store opening is deeply centralized and the store opening regulation is a socio-economic regulation driven by economic laws whereas EU strongly regulates the distribution industry. To control the French distribution industry, such seven laws and regulations as Commission départementale d'urbanisme commercial guidelines (CDLIC) (1969), the Royer Law (1973), the Doubin Law (1990), the Sapin Law (1993), the Raffarin Law (1996), solidarite et renouvellement urbains (SRU) (2000), and Loi de modernisation de l'économie (LME) (2009) have been promulgated one by one since the amendment of the Fontanet guidelines, through which commercial adjustment laws and regulations have been complemented and reinforced while regulatory measures have been taken. Even in the course of forming such strong regulatory laws, InterMarche, the largest supermarket chain in France, has been in existence as a global enterprise specialized in retail distribution with over 4,000 stores in Europe. InterMarche's business can be divided largely into two segments of food and non-food. As a supermarket chain, InterMarche's food segment has 2,300 stores in Europe and as a hard-discounter store chain in France, Netto has 420 stores. Restaumarch is a chain of traditional family restaurants and the steak house restaurant chain of Poivre Rouge has 4 restaurants currently. In addition, there are others like Ecomarche which is a supermarket chain for small and medium cities. In the non-food segment, the DIY and gardening chain of Bricomarche has a total of 620 stores in Europe. And the car-related chain of Roady has a total of 158 stores in Europe. There is the clothing chain of Veti as well. In view of InterMarche's management strategies, since its distribution strategy is to sell goods at cheap prices, buying goods cheap only is not enough. In other words, in order to sell goods cheap, it is all important to buy goods cheap, manage them cheap, systemize them cheap, and transport them cheap. In quality assurance, InterMarche has guaranteed the purchase safety for consumers by providing its own private brand products. InterMarche has 90 private brands of its own, thus being the retailer with the largest number of distributor brands in France. In view of its IT service strategy, InterMarche is utilizing a high performance IT system so as to obtainas much of the market information as possible and also to find out the best locations for opening stores. In its global expansion strategy of international alliance, InterMarche has established the ALDIS group together with the distribution enterprises of both Spain and Germany in order to expand its food purchase, whereas in the non-food segment, it has established the ARENA group in alliance with 11 international distribution enterprises. Such strategies of InterMarche have been intended to find out the consumer needs for both price and quality of goods and to secure the purchase and supply networks which are closely localized. It is necessary to cope promptly with the constantly changing circumstances through being unified with relevant regions and by providing diversified customer services as well. In view of the InterMarche's positive policy for promoting local partnerships as well as the assistance for enhancing the local economic structure, implications are existing for those retail distributors of our country.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.91-124
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• 2009

With the intensity of competition and the standardization of technical attributes in telecommunications service market increasing, differentiated activity and customer experience in service encounter is regarded as an important means for creating customer value, however, there is a dearth of good literature examining what MOT activity is composed of according to consumption chain, and how service quality of MOT has influenced customer performance. Especially there exist various services across different phase of Product life cycle(PLC) in household telecommunication service market, customer requirement for MOT might depend on whether its phase is introduction-growth stage or maturity-decline stage, the empirical study is completely lacking. This study classified household telecommunication services into two types by PLC, VOIP and IPTV as Introduction-growth stage services, Internet and PSTN as maturity-decline stage service, and investigated whether there exists a gap between service types in how consumer have experienced MOT, what they consider as important and the relative importance of quality dimension how service quality of MOT has influence on consumer performance. The empirical result from 858 participants shows that there is a difference in consumer experience and requirements across different phases of the PLC, tangibles and assurance are regarded as the most important service quality factors which have a positive influence on customer performance (consumer satisfaction, repurchase intention and word of mouth) at the introduction-growth stage, whereas, reliability, empathy and interactivity are at the maturity-decline stage. Finally, managerial implication is made, limitation is clarified and a direction for further studies is suggested.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.139-166
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• 2010

The supply chain management (SCM) systems have emerged as strong managerial tools for manufacturing firms in enhancing competitive strength. Despite of large investments in the SCM systems, many companies are not fully realizing the promised benefits from the systems. A review of literature on adoption, implementation and success factor of IOS (inter-organization systems), EDI (electronic data interchange) systems, shows that this issue has been examined from multiple theoretic perspectives. And many researchers have attempted to identify the factors which influence the success of system implementation. However, the existing studies have two drawbacks in revealing the determinants of systems implementation success. First, previous researches raise questions as to the appropriateness of research subjects selected. Most SCM systems are operating in the form of private industrial networks, where the participants of the systems consist of two distinct groups: focus companies and vendors. The focus companies are the primary actors in developing and operating the systems, while vendors are passive participants which are connected to the system in order to supply raw materials and parts to the focus companies. Under the circumstance, there are three ways in selecting the research subjects; focus companies only, vendors only, or two parties grouped together. It is hard to find researches that use the focus companies exclusively as the subjects probably due to the insufficient sample size for statistic analysis. Most researches have been conducted using the data collected from both groups. We argue that the SCM success factors cannot be correctly indentified in this case. The focus companies and the vendors are in different positions in many areas regarding the system implementation: firm size, managerial resources, bargaining power, organizational maturity, and etc. There are no obvious reasons to believe that the success factors of the two groups are identical. Grouping the two groups also raises questions on measuring the system success. The benefits from utilizing the systems may not be commonly distributed to the two groups. One group's benefits might be realized at the expenses of the other group considering the situation where vendors participating in SCM systems are under continuous pressures from the focus companies with respect to prices, quality, and delivery time. Therefore, by combining the system outcomes of both groups we cannot measure the system benefits obtained by each group correctly. Second, the measures of system success adopted in the previous researches have shortcoming in measuring the SCM success. User satisfaction, system utilization, and user attitudes toward the systems are most commonly used success measures in the existing studies. These measures have been developed as proxy variables in the studies of decision support systems (DSS) where the contribution of the systems to the organization performance is very difficult to measure. Unlike the DSS, the SCM systems have more specific goals, such as cost saving, inventory reduction, quality improvement, rapid time, and higher customer service. We maintain that more specific measures can be developed instead of proxy variables in order to measure the system benefits correctly. The purpose of this study is to find the determinants of SCM systems success in the perspective of vendor companies. In developing the research model, we have focused on selecting the success factors appropriate for the vendors through reviewing past researches and on developing more accurate success measures. The variables can be classified into following: technological, organizational, and environmental factors on the basis of TOE (Technology-Organization-Environment) framework. The model consists of three independent variables (competition intensity, top management support, and information system maturity), one mediating variable (collaboration), one moderating variable (government support), and a dependent variable (system success). The systems success measures have been developed to reflect the operational benefits of the SCM systems; improvement in planning and analysis capabilities, faster throughput, cost reduction, task integration, and improved product and customer service. The model has been validated using the survey data collected from 122 vendors participating in the SCM systems in Korea. To test for mediation, one should estimate the hierarchical regression analysis on the collaboration. And moderating effect analysis should estimate the moderated multiple regression, examines the effect of the government support. The result shows that information system maturity and top management support are the most important determinants of SCM system success. Supply chain technologies that standardize data formats and enhance information sharing may be adopted by supply chain leader organization because of the influence of focal company in the private industrial networks in order to streamline transactions and improve inter-organization communication. Specially, the need to develop and sustain an information system maturity will provide the focus and purpose to successfully overcome information system obstacles and resistance to innovation diffusion within the supply chain network organization. The support of top management will help focus efforts toward the realization of inter-organizational benefits and lend credibility to functional managers responsible for its implementation. The active involvement, vision, and direction of high level executives provide the impetus needed to sustain the implementation of SCM. The quality of collaboration relationships also is positively related to outcome variable. Collaboration variable is found to have a mediation effect between on influencing factors and implementation success. Higher levels of inter-organizational collaboration behaviors such as shared planning and flexibility in coordinating activities were found to be strongly linked to the vendors trust in the supply chain network. Government support moderates the effect of the IS maturity, competitive intensity, top management support on collaboration and implementation success of SCM. In general, the vendor companies face substantially greater risks in SCM implementation than the larger companies do because of severe constraints on financial and human resources and limited education on SCM systems. Besides resources, Vendors generally lack computer experience and do not have sufficient internal SCM expertise. For these reasons, government supports may establish requirements for firms doing business with the government or provide incentives to adopt, implementation SCM or practices. Government support provides significant improvements in implementation success of SCM when IS maturity, competitive intensity, top management support and collaboration are low. The environmental characteristic of competition intensity has no direct effect on vendor perspective of SCM system success. But, vendors facing above average competition intensity will have a greater need for changing technology. This suggests that companies trying to implement SCM systems should set up compatible supply chain networks and a high-quality collaboration relationship for implementation and performance.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.1091-1098
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• 2009

In this paper, we designed the authentication system for home network service and applied it to actual sensor nodes. The pair-wise pre-distribution key skim is applied for prevention of authentication key from sniffing on the wireless sensor networks. The authentication key and data are encrypted by using the CBC mode RC5 algorithm based on the SPINS. The experimental environment consists of a base station (BS)and sensor nodes and each sensor node sends both sensing data and the encrypted authentication key to the BS. For simulations we set up some what-if scenarios of security menaces in home network service.Slightly modified the TOS_Msg data arrays of TinyOS is suggested to store 8-byte authentication key which can enable data encryption and authentication at the each sensor node. As a result, malfunction caused by communication between BS and nodes of other groups of added nodes having malicious purpose can be protected. Also, we confirmed that a critical data of home networking service like vital signal can be transmitted securely through this system by encryption technique.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.353-359
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• 2011

Fowl cholera is a contagious acute and chronic disease caused by Pasteurella multocida in both domesticated and wild birds. Acute fowl cholera in both chickens and wild birds has recently been documented in Korea, but the chronic form has not been reported in Korea until now. This study describes the first outbreak of chronic fowl cholera in 13-week-old Arbor Acre broiler breeder chickens submitted to the College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University in April 2006. The clinical signs of the affected flock of 9,621 chickens were lameness caused by swollen hock joints, diarrhea, ruffled feathers, and an average weekly mortality of 1.0%. At necropsy, purulent or caseous exudates were found in the hock and wing joints, humerus, and eyes, and severe pneumonia and pericarditis were discovered. Eleven bacterial isolates obtained from the liver, joint, infraorbital sinus and sternal bursa of the submitted chickens were all identified as Pasteurella multocida based on their physiological and biochemical characteristics. Five isolates were examined for antimicrobial susceptibility against 21 different antimicrobial agents including ampicillin. All were resistant to kanamycin, neomycin, and streptomycin, and some were resistant to gentamicin. The tested isolates were all susceptible to the other 17 antimicrobial agents. All 11 isolates were capsular serogroup A based on multiplex polymerase chain reaction. In addition, two of five isolates used in the antimicrobial susceptibility test were identified as somatic serotype 1 by an agar gel diffusion precipitin test, while the others were non-typable.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.57-85
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• 2004

To develop an blue tourism website(BTW) for electronic commerce(EC), information requirements of BTW are defined firstly. We defined information requirements of BTW from two aspects, i.e., front office and back office. Information requirements for front office were derived by consumer purchasing decision process. And information requirements for back office were derived by tourism value chain. Total 29 functions are identified as critical EC related functions of BTW. Among them, 25 functions were investigated into BTW. BTWs were searched by search engines - Yahoo and Empas - to Korean websites. There are 12 specialized BTWs, except one cyber museum website. For 12 websites, 25 functions were probed. By the results, in need recognition stage of blue tourism, only weather information was provided in most websites. In information search stage of blue tourism, package recommendation and various contents were provided in most websites. In consumption stage of blue tourism, traffic information were provided in most websites. And in after - sales service stage of blue tourism, bulletin board function was implemented in most websites. The rest of the functions were scarcely implemented. On the whole, it was concluded that most EC related functions of BTW in Korea were not implemented properly. To improve the status quo, it is expected in the dimension of individual website, that marketing planning, customized service, intelligent service, reinforcing purchasing assistance functions, customer relationship management, and escrow service etc. need to be implemented. And it is expected in the dimension of blue tourism industry, that standardizing product catalog, security assistance policy, information sharing by industrial database, finding referral model of BTW, elevating information mind, revising related laws etc. are needed.