• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.405-427
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• 2010

This legal study is to compare the Electronic Transactions Act in Thailand(hereinafter 'ETA') with mainly other countries electronic transactions acts, such as UNCITRAL MLEC, UECIC, VETA, UCITA and Korea' Electronic Transactions Act The ETA is consisted of 6 chapters which included preamble and definitions. Each chapter's main point as follows. Preamble is related to the name, time of legal effect, scope and definitions. Chapter 1 is not only general principles of electronic transactions, required restriction in addition to specify the limit of application, documentation, evidential weight in reference to the data message, but also the conditions of offer and acceptance through data message, time and place of dispatch and receipt of data message, certification between origination and addressee. According to media-neutrality and the effectiveness security requirement of data message under the information system, legal certification is related to the exchange's declaration of intention, define about origination-addressee of data message. Chapter 2 is composed to provide expressly about the effectiveness security in electronic signature. Those contents are to compare the MLEC, UECIC and Electronic Transactions Act in Korea. Chapter 3 is related to legal definitions that present legal requirement about service relating electronic transaction which contents accept domestic law, the adequate requirement as eligibility, satisfied matter, self-reliance ratio of finance and other detail standard Chapter 4 is deal with the transaction which are public sector and those application requirements. And also this chapter are composed regulations about direct-indirect purpose of Thailand domestic electronic government.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.51-72
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• 2008

Recently, CRM has been integrated with e-CRM based on information and technology and its introduction is increasing. In particular, as a-CRM effectively collects information of customers with low cost and consolidates relations with customers through interactions with them, it is easier to achieve the marketing goals of companies. This study examines theories of CRM and a-CRM, and discusses development plan for successful introduction of e-CRM based on case studies on its introductions. Political suggestions are presented as follows: First, the basic rule to manage customers in respect to e-CRM is customer-oriented management. For optimal customer management, various customer service channels that support customers in real world as well as online should be provided for the best e-CRM system. Second, of increasing online customers, important customers should be sorted out for which individualized services should be provided and if so, they can be faithful customers. It is believed to be a true development direction of e-CRM appropriate to current society. With introduction of e-CRM, values and needs of customers should be analysed through various sorts of communication and information activities, and segmental marketing activities should be developed.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.395-416
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• 2008

The advance information for oceangoing cargoes destined to th United States enable CBP to evaluate the potential risk of smuggling WMD and to facilitate the prompt release of legitimate cargo following its arrival in the Unites States. On January 1, 2008, CBP promulgate regulations, also known as 10+2 rule, to require the electronic transmission of additional data elements for improved high-risk targeting, including appropriate security elements of entry data for cargo destined to the United States by vessel prior to loading of such cargo on vessels at foreign seaports. The potential impact to an importer's international supply chain will be as follows ; Firstly, importers will take incremental supply chain costs and filing costs. Secondly, anticipate delay in shipment of containerized cargo. Thirdly, importers could be charged fines if they fail to file and file inaccurate or missing data. Companies exporting to the United States should be interested in 10+2 rule, analyze their current processes and procedures to ensure that they are prepared to handle the additional filing requirements of 10+2 rule. And they should focus on how 10+2 impacts their supply chain in terms of costs and sourcing. They will be necessary to revise service legal agreements with their forwarders, customs brokers or carriers in order to meet filing requirements of 10+2 rule.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.407-436
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to verify the economic effects of the on going Korea-EU FTA negotiations upon the regional economy and to present some strategic economic countermeasures to deal with the forthcoming changes on the economic environments. In comparing with the industrial structure between Korea and EU, due to the different specific part of their industrial competitiveness both parts would have complementary cooperative transactions and trade as well. And also Korea and EU would have the similar understanding of the importance of the field of agriculture and service in accordance with the economic standpoint respectively. The level of degree and magnitude of the effect of Korea-EU FTA upon the regional economy would be decided in accordance with the industrial structure and the level of income of the regional economy. We are not to confirm and specify the economic influences of Korea-EU FTA negotiations on the economic conditions of Gangwon province but to prepare rational economic countermeasures fit to its structural character. One of the political strategies that might be feasible is the inflow of foreign direct investment from the developed European countries to the regional economy. This developing model would mean a new experiment to activate any regional economy and a new formation of the policy of economic growth.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.395-414
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• 2008

The objective of this study is to introduce the concepts and theories of conditional heteroscedastic volatility models and the news impact curves and apply them to the Korea inbound tourism market. Three volatility models were introduced and used to estimate the conditional volatility of monthly arrivals of inbound tourists into Korea and news impact curves according to the three models. Results of this study are as follows. As the proportion of American tourists occupied a large amount of Korea inbound tourism market, the markets' forecasting is very important. The news impact curves which used EGARCH model (1,1) and TGARCH model(1,1), with data on these tourists to Korea showed an asymmetry effect of volatility. It was common that bad news means that it was estimated more sensitively than good news. From these results, we will notice that American tourists who visited Korea only for tourism are affected by good news. The result suggests that the Korea government and tourism industry should pay more attention to changes in the tourism environment following bad news because conditional volatility increases more when a negative shock occurs than when a positive shock occurs.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.283-304
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• 2008

According to globalization and localization of world economics international trade payment method was also changed. A traditional payment was Letter of Credit basis, however it is being increased to various methods such as remittance, documentary collection(D/P, D/A) and open account. In order to acquire a secure export payment, exporters prefer to L/C basis which is guaranteed by a reliable bank. However, the L/C should bear a security so that importers would rather documentary collection than L/C. The reasons for the preference of collection payment rather than L/C are a low commission cost, the conversion of buyer's market from seller's market due to severe competition in the world market, transaction increase between main office and branches and a right to control the goods until executing the payment by exporters. Besides of them, collection payment can handle safer and faster than open account basis. However, the collection payment has a risk which it isn't guaranteed by bank for the payment so that I would suggest countermeasures to minimize the payment risk utilizing the collection basis as follows; using export credit insurance system, a large domestic credit report provider such as D&B for absolutely fresh and new information, a collection proxy service for overseas deferred credit and suggestion specifying to order B/L not straight one on consignee in order to transfer the right of ownership with endorsement without problem.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.301-319
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• 2008

The development of Korea in the Northeast through trade is not a matter of choice as far as national strategy is concerned, but is an important national policy that is a matter of life or death which will determine the future fate of Korea. This thesis will attempt to arrive at a general, tangible plan for the development of Korea in the Northeast centered around trade by examining the change in naval environment at home and abroad, the given economic situation in the Northeast, and the present state of essential port development in Korea-China-Japan. Its objective will be to provide strategies for the development of Busan port confrontation. For the last ten years, China has been growing at a rapid rate. Since a lot of the volume of naval trade is being transferred from Korea to China, we must do everything we can to improve the service and reduce cost. In addition, Japan also is losing international position. Japan's government and the private industry are trying to make Super Core Ports a prominent feature of their port system. If the Busan port system is to remain competitive, these aspects of the Japanese port system must be kept in mind to prevent trade from going to other ports with more competitive systems.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.327-350
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• 2007

A single window platform must be successfully established by implementing CDM/UCR in WCO and UNeDocs in UN/CEFACT, which is part of the framework of standards for secure and facilitate global trade. Core success factors in single window platform for international trade depend on political innovative capacity, advanced leadership of high ranking officials and departments in charge, effective collaborations between the ministries and offices concerned which are supported by supreme executives, self-controlled coordinations between users, convenience and access availability to users, promotion and marketing, identification on predictive impediments, financial raising and revenue model payable, communication's strategy, valid legal basis etc. To settle a stable ubiquitous e-trade platform, firstly, procedures and practices of customs clearance which different from one another mutually must be standardized globally. Secondly, the international standard electronic data exchanges must be introduced to facilitate and simplify customs clearing procedures by holding administrative informations in common between public institutions. thirdly, cooperative work model must be accepted with enhancing outsourcing business between reference groups (export-import firms and IT service providers).

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.593-602
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• 2011

Purpose: In this study analysis was done of utilization of rooming-in care in South Korean hospitals in order to examine the factors related to mothers and hospitals that affect rooming-in care. Methods: With the involvement of 254,414 mothers who gave birth across 953 hospitals, the analysis used the health insurance qualification data of the National Health Insurance Corporations and Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (2006). Factors associated with rooming-in care were analyzed using a GEE logistic regression analysis to consider factors related to both mothers and hospitals. Results: Only 45.1% of the mothers used rooming-in care. The results of the regression analysis revealed that individual factors of the mothers were not associated with rooming-in care, whereas group factors of the hospitals were. Rooming-in care use was primarily related to small hospital, location of hospital, and higher nurse staffing level. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that the utilization of rooming-in care is not associated with factors an individual mother, but rather with the group factors of the hospitals. Thus, a policy-based approach considering both of these types of factors is required to enhance the utilization of rooming-in care.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.565-568
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• 2003

Optical fiber is a kind of local loop types. Most of countries do not still require the incumbent to open his optical fiber network except just a few countries such as US, Japan and Italy. Recently the FCC, the regulator in US, decided to reduce the obligation of its unbundling in order to facilitate the incentive of broadband network investment. And Japan also is reviewing the policy of the fiber' unbundling. So, We needs to take into consideration about the benefit and cost of the opening of optical fiber network in advance. The purpose of this paper is to review the opening policy of optical fiber network in Japan, and to discuss the implication of case study.