• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.66-72
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• 2014

Although stress has been implicated to be a risk factor that can threaten physical and mental health, there have been no sufficient studies that analyze the different levels of stress among employees working in the different levels of the hospitals. We aim to identify the general characteristics of hospitals at different levels, to compare the stress levels among customer service representatives working in the tertiary care hospitals as well as acute general hospitals. In addition, we also wanted to analyze the relationship between the types of hospitals and the stress level. The work stress was measured using the Korean Occupational Stress scale. Study subjects' demographic characteristics and lifestyle factors were analyzed using analysis of frequency and multiple regression analysis. Our study revealed that the levels of medical facility were significantly associated with the levels of job stress(P=0.043), and the stress levels of employees working in the acute general hospital's medical facilities were higher than those who were working in tertiary care facilities. We also found that those with higher depression level tended to have higher job stress (P<0.001). Therefore, it is urgent to implement some kind of job stress interventions, especially in the acute general hospital's medical facilities. Moreover, further studies including social and policy research are necessary in order to analyze the overall impact of stress on physical and mental health and to reduce health inequalities among healthcare workers.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.129-141
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• 2015

This study evaluates user experience of streaming stick service through usability testing. Streaming stick services such as Roku, Chromecast, and Everoncast were tested in ten levels belonging to five usability variables that are composed of efficiency of use, accuracy, meaningfulness, flexibility, and consistency. Each variable has two levels respectively that are responsiveness, minimal action, error prevention, error detection, error recovery, understandability, learnability, substitutivity, predictability, and familiarity in order. Twenty five participants volunteerly joined this research, and the results showed that Roku is superior to another two OTTs in most levels and variables. It implies that participants prefer to remote control, many channels, and personalized service during experiencing the service.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.58-71
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• 2015

Ability of understanding students' ideas and thinking is critical to teachers' professional growth. In this study, 'pedagogical reasoning' was conceptualized as teachers' reasoning ability of students' misconceptions and possible causes of misconceptions when they hear and observe students' science discourses. To investigate elementary pre-service teachers' pedagogical reasoning levels, children's science discourses on light reflection and electric circuit were video recorded and 43 pre-service elementary teachers were asked to identify children's misconceptions and possible causes of misconceptions after watching the video clips. In conclusion, pedagogical reasoning levels of pre-service elementary teachers were not high enough, showing significant difference in light reflection and electric circuit. Possible explanations of this difference and educational implications were discussed.

• 마케팅과학연구
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• 제8권
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• pp.291-313
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• 2001

본 연구는 서비스 실패와 회복에 관한 연구로서 그 동안 명확하게 정립되지 못한 실패와 회복에 관한 선행연구들을 검토하여 이를 체계적으로 정리하고, 실패 그리고 회복과 관련된 변수들과 이들 변수들간의 관계를 명확히 규명하여 보다 확고한 개념적인 틀을 제공하고자 한다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 서비스 실패의 통제성이 회복 만족에 영향을 미치고, 이들 변수 들은 서비스 회복 공정성에 의해 조절되어진다는 연구 과제를 설정하고 시나리오를 통한 유 사실험설계연구에 기초하여 분석한 결과 실패의 통제성은 회복 만족에 영향을 미치며, 실패의 통제성과 회복 만족간의 관계에 절차적 공정성, 상호관계적 공정성 그리고 분배적 공정성 모두는 상호작용 효과를 갖는 것으로 검정되었다.

• 정보관리학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.51-75
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• 2018

본 연구는 서비스 품질 평가 도구인 LibQUAL+를 활용하여 특화서비스를 제공여부에 따른 도서관 서비스 품질의 차이를 통해 공공도서관 특화서비스에 대한 이용자의 인식을 확인하고자 하였다. 분석결과 서비스 수준에 대한 평가 결과 특화서비스를 제공하는 도서관과 그렇지 않는 도서관 차이에 최소수준 및 인식수준에 있어 차이가 나타났으며, 기대수준은 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 서비스 정도는 특화서비스를 제공하는 도서관 그렇지 않는 도서관 보다 적정성 갭 및 우위성 갭에서 대부분 높은 이용자 인식을 나타내고 있어, 공공도서관을 이용하는 이용자들은 특화서비스를 제공하는 도서관이 그렇지 않는 도서관 보다 더 좋은 서비스를 제공하고 있다고 인식하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.671-677
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• 2007

This study examined the relationship between chlorophyll(Chl) and ascorbic acid(ASA) as an index of freshness for vegetables, when the general consumers purchase several kinds of vegetables at the market. The leaves and fruits of several types of vegetables were divided into top, middle, and basal sections. Chl was determined by a spectrophotometer, and ASA was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. For the vegetable sections, we found that Chl and ASA levels were highest in the top sections, followed by the middle, and were lowest in the basal portions. For the relationship between Chl and ASA in vegetables, there were seven classifications including high Chl(above 80mg/100g of fresh weight) and high ASA(above 80 mg/100 g of fresh weight) for mallow, and kail; the second group had high Chl and low ASA(below 80 mg), such as in spinach, burdock, and perilla leaves; the third group contained medium Chl($40{\sim}80mg$) and medium ASA($40{\sim}80mg$) levels, such as for gonddalbee, angelica, pumpkin leaf and coriander; the fourth group had medium Chl and low ASA levels, as in crown daisy and lettuce; the fifth group contained low Chl(below 40 mg) and high ASA, such as in hot peppers and parsley; the sixth group had low Chl and medium ASA levels, and included broccoli, pak choi, and sweet peppers; finally the seventh group contained low Chl and low ASA levels, as in dropwort, young radishes, shallots, cucumbers and swiss chard.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.86-92
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• 1991

To test if exposure history to rifle fire or cannonade training during military duty can induce hearing loss, history of personal military service and histroy of gunshot exposure were asked to 228 male college students with self -administrative questionnaire. Otoscopic examination and Rinne's test were performed if any abnormal finding was detected by pure-tone audiometry. Average hearing threshold levels of 500 Hz, 1,000 Hz, 2,000 Hz, 4,000 Hz and threshold levels at 4,000 Hz were calculated for 112 students who were remained after exclusion of cases with history of ear disease, of ototoxic drug administration, and of neuropsychiatric disease, and mean of those were compared between group of students who have completed military duty (completed group) and group of those who have not (not-completed group), and between group exposed (exposed group) and group unexposed to gunshot sound (unexposed group). Mean of average hearing threshold level and mean of threshold levels at 4,000 Hz of completed group and those of exposed group were higher than those of not-completed group and unexposed group, respectively. Proportion of cases that average threshold level was greater than 40 dB or threshold levels at 4,000 Hz was greater than 50 dB were higher also in completed group and exposed group than in duty not-completed group and unexposed group, respectively Multiple linear regression analysis including age, duration of military service, degree of gunshot sound exposure as independant variables and average hearing threshold level as dependant variable, was performed in order to estimate the effect of age on hearing, and any considerable effect of age on hearing could not be found. In conclusion, hearing impairment can be induced by rifle fire or cannonade training.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.195-212
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• 2011

Objectives: This study investigates the relationship between nurse staffing levels and differences in patient outcomes in terms of average length of stay, in-hospital mortality rate and 30-day death rate in order to evaluate the effectiveness of a policy that differentiates fees for inpatients on the basis of nurse-to-bed ratios. Methods: We obtained information on inpatients from health insurance claims data published by the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service(HIRA) in 2008, organizational factors(type of hospital, ownership) from the records of the hospital report system in 2008, and nurse staffing levels, which were graded on a scale of 1 to 7, from data compiled between December 15, 2007, and September 20, 2008. The data were segregated according to type of hospital and quarter and finally 3,517 records of 1,182 hospitals were analyzed using multi-level analysis. Results: The average length of stay in grade 1~6 hospitals was lower than that in grade 7 ones, but the difference was much below one day. No significant difference was found among different grades in tertiary hospitals. Further, variations in staffing levels did not result in any significant difference in the in-hospital mortality rate and 30-day death rate. Conclusions: High nurse staffing levels did not result in better patient outcomes compared with low staffing levels. We therefore recommend modifying the above nurse staffing policy so as to make it more effective in improving patient outcomes.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.106-112
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• 2013

Objective : Several reports have found abnormal levels of androgen in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) patients. This abnormality in androgen is hypothesized to due to chronic psychological stress effects on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) system. The present study was conducted to estimate serum testosterone levels in PTSD patients in comparison with normal subjects. Methods : Seventy-five male Korean veterans of the Vietnam War volunteered for the study, of which eleven were excluded because of incomplete psychological assessment. To measure basal serum testosterone, blood samples were collected between 8.00 and 9.30 a.m. The clinician administered PTSD scale (CAPS), the structured clinical interview for DSM-IV (SCID), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D), Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview Plus (Korean version of MINI-Plus), CES-K (Korean version of combat exposure scale). Results : The serum testosterone level of PTSD patients ($5.4{\pm}2.5ng/mL$) was higher than that of a control group ($3.1{\pm}1.7ng/mL$, p<0.001). Testosterone levels were significantly correlated with CAPS (r=.38, p<.01), HAM-A (r=.35, p<.01) and HAM-D (r=.28, p<.01) in all subjects. Conclusion : The results of the present study suggest that chronic psychological stress affects the HPG system.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.91-96
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• 2014

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an important cause of occupational mortality in miners exposed to coal mine dust. Although the inflammatory mediators involved in COPD have not been defined, many studies have shown that inflammatory mediators such as reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are involved in orchestrating the complex inflammatory process in COPD. Methods: To investigate the relevance of exhaled biomarkers of oxidative and nitrosative stress in participants with COPD, we determined the levels of hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde (MDA), and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) in 90 retired elderly coal miners (53 non-COPD and 37 COPD participants). Results: Mean levels of MDA (4.64 nMvs. 6.46 nM, p = 0.005) and 3-NT (3.51 nMvs. 5.50 nM, p = 0.039) in EBC were significantly higher in participants with COPD. The median level of MDA did show statistical difference among the COPD severities (p = 0.017), and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve forMDA (0.67) for the diagnostic discrimination of COPD indicated the biomarker. The optimal cutoff values were 5.34 nM (64.9% sensitivity and 64.2% specificity) and 5.58 nM (62.2% sensitivity and 62.3% specificity) forMDA and 3-NT, respectively. The results suggest that high levels ofMDA and 3-NT in EBC are associated with COPD in retired elderly miners. Conclusion: These results showed that the elevated levels of EBC MDA and EBC 3-NT in individuals with COPD are biomarkers of oxidative or nitrosative stress.