• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.134-164
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to provide the data for the co-operative treatment of western and oriental hospital. The studies were made a questionnaire to analyze inpatients' awareness on the systems of co-operative treatment and to observe the differences in medical service satisfaction between inpatients who had experienced the co-operative treatment of western and oriental hospital(Group 1) and those who did not (Group 2). The survey was conducted in February 1998, on 250 inpatients who were in a hospital which provided co-operative treatment of western and oriental medicine in Pusan. Korea. The results of this study were disclosed as follows: 54.2% of western hospital inpatients and 90.5% of oriental hospital inpatients suffered from diseases of the nervous system 88.9% of Group 1 and 72.2% of Group 2 believed that the co-operative treatment of western and oriental hospital was more effective in curing diseases of the nervous system. 33.5% or inpatiens in the western hospital and 87.4% of inpatients in the oriental hospital had received the co-operative treatment. In the case of the oriental hospital inpatients who had experienced western treatment, 36.8% received an examination radiologic, 30.7% received a laboratory test, 17.8% received physical therapy, and 14.1% received medication. Whereas, in case of the western hospital inpatients who had experienced oriental treatment, 71.8% received acupuncture, 23.9% received herbal medicine, and 2.8% received oriental medical tests. As to the opinion on the systems of co-operative treatment, 49.6% of Group 1 agreed that 'New medical institutions that adopt the merits of both western and oriental medicine are absolutely necessary.', and 48.9% of Group 1 agreed that 'Since there are strong points and weak points in both western and oriental medicine, partial and gradual introduction of the two systems would be better.' Whereas, 49.6% of Group 2 agreed that the partial and gradual introduction, and 35.7% of Group 2 agreed that the necessity of the new medical institutions. As to the motives for visiting the hospital, the most popular reason for all the inpatients was "others' advice". In the case of Group 1, however, the most popular reason was "the possibility of co-operative treatment". In regards to medical cost, the oriental hospital inpatients felt that their medical cost was too expensive. On the other hand, a smaller percentage of the western hospital inpatients felt that western hospital medical cost were too expensive. And between Group 1 and Group 2, a higher percentage of Group 1 felt that their medical cost was too expensive.

• 한국벤처창업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국벤처창업학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.143-178
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• 2008

본 연구는 공공연구기관에서 개발한 기술을 기반으로 창업된 연구기반스핀오프벤처기업의 성장과정과 성장과정에서 나타난 어려움을 극복하고 성공할 수 있었던 요인들에 대해 살펴본 사례연구이다. 사례기업은 연구기반스핀오프벤처기업의 한 형태인 교수벤처기업 (주)아이센스이다. (주)아이센스는 광운대학교 화학과에 재직 중이던 차근식 교수와 남학현 교수가 연구실 대학원생들과 창업한 벤처기업으로 자가 혈당측정기틀 생산하는 신기술벤처기업이다. 두 교수는 광운대학교 내에 화학센서 연구센터를 운영하면서 바이오센서와 관련된 많은 기초연구 성과를 도출하였으며, 연구개발 전문회사를 설립하여 용역과제를 수행하면서 연구자금을 마련하고, 추후 하고 싶은 연구를 수행할 목적으로 (주)아이센스를 설립하였다. 그러나 창업자들의 초기의도와는 달리 (주)아이센스는 자가혈당측정기를 생산하여 판매하는 제조회사로 성장하였으며, 2008년 코스닥 상장 예정이다. 본 연구는 성공적인 연구기반스핀오프벤처기업인 (주)아이센스의 창업과 성장과정을 분석하고 성장과정에서의 어려움을 극복하고 성공할 수 있었던 요인을 규명하여, 연구기반스핀오프벤처기업이 성공할 수 있는 정책적 실무적 시사점을 제공하고자 한다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제84권3호
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• pp.306-318
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• 1995

광결핍(光缺乏)과 Frankia 질소고정균(窒素固定菌), 그리고 Alpova diplophloeus 외생균근균(外生菌根菌)이 루브라 오리나무(Alnus rubra Bong.) 묘목의 생장, 공중질소고정(空中窒素固定), 균근발달(菌根發達)에 미치는 영향을 구명(究明)하기 위하여, 파종묘(播種苗)에 Frankia 질소고정균(窒素固定菌)을 접종하거나 질소(窒素)를 시비(施肥)하고, 또는 A. diplophloeus 외생균근균(外生菌根菌) 포자(胞子)를 접종하여 여과된 공기로 순환시키는 인공생장실에서 길렀다. 20주가 지난 묘목을 3 수준의 광도(光度) 680, 320, $220{\mu}mol/m^2/s$ PPFD(photosynthetic photon flux density)에서 3주일 동안 기른 결과, 광도(光度) 220 PPFD에서는 균근(菌根)과 뿌리흑의 발달, 광합성(光合成) 및 질소고정(窒素固定)속도 그리고 식물생장량이 감소하였고, 320 PPFD에서는 광합성(光合成) 속도만이 감소하였다. Frankia로 접종된 묘목은 질소(窒素)가 시비(施肥)된 묘목보다 균근형성율(菌根形成率)과 묘목생장율이 높았다. A. diplophloeus 포자(胞子)를 접종된 묘목은 비접종보다 생장율은 높았으나 뿌리혹은 발달과 질소고정량(窒素固定量)에서는 차이가 없었다. 두 공생균(共生菌)이 묘목의 광합성(光合成)속도에는 영향을 미치지 않았다. A. diplophloeus 균근균(菌根菌)이 묘목의 생장과 뿌리혹 발달에 기여하는 것 보다는 Frankia 질소고정균(窒素固定菌)이 묘목의 생장과 균근(菌根)발달에 더 크게 기여하였다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.671-675
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• 1992

This experiment was carried out to establish a proper method of indocyanine green(ICG) excretion test for a applicable liver function test in dogs. The half life(T1/2), fractional clearance rate(KICG) and retention rate after injection of ICG with or without administred carbon tetrachloride($CCl_4$) were also invested. The results obtained were as follows ; 1. The maximum absorbance of ICG in plasma was at 810nm. 2. Half life and fractional clearance rate when administered 0.25 and 0.50mg of ICG per Kilogram body weight were $6.33{\pm}0.58$ minutes and $0.11{\pm}0.99$/minute in the former, $10.01{\pm}1.0$ minutes and $0.07{\pm}0.007$/minute in the latter, respectively. The ICG removal rate was exponentially linear for the first 15 minutes after injection both, of 0.25 and 0.50mg of ICG. 3. One day following the administration of $0.0042m{\ell}\;CCl_4$ kilogram body weight which injected 0.50mg of ICG, half life was more longer and fractional clearance rate was significantly reduced than that of ICG single injection. 4. Plasma retention rate when 15, 30, 45 minutes after injection dose of 0.25 and 0.50mg ICG per Kilogram body weight, $14.7{\pm}4.8$, $5.1{\pm}3.1$, $2.6{\pm}1.6%$ in the former, $26.9{\pm}1.8$, $11.1{\pm}2.4$, $4.8{\pm}1.3%$ in the latter, respectively. However, after administration of $CCl_4$, plasma retention rate of ICG at a dose of 0.50mg, it was $39.3{\pm}0.9$, $16{\pm}2.9$, $10.7{\pm}0.1%$, respectively. 5. Plasma enzyme(AST, ALT, r-GTP) activities administered with $CCl_4$ were increased, but there was no change which injected any dose of single ICG injection. From these results, ICG excretion test to dog is applicable to evaluation of liver function in both clinical and research.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.149-162
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• 2008

미국농무성에서 토양과 토지이용 특성을 고려한 대규모 유역의 유출해석과 토양침식량 및 비점오염원 부하를 해석하기 위해 개발한 SWAT 모델을 대청댐 유역에 적용하여 토지이용 특성별 토양침식량을 산정하였다. 연구결과는 저수지관리자와 정책입안자들에게 저수지 탁수문제를 완화하기 위한 유역관리 대안의 효율성을 평가하는데 중요한 정보를 제공한다. 유출과 토양 유실량 산정에 영향을 미치는 주요한 매개변수들을 보정한 후, 모델은 실측 연간 유출성분과 월별 유황변화를 비교적 잘 예측하였다. 모의결과, 토지 이용별 단위면적당 토양침식량은 밭이 33.1 ton/ha/yr로 가장 많았으며, 임야는 수목의 종류에 따라 $2.3{\sim}5.4ton/ha/yr$, 도시지역 1.0 ton/ha/yr, 논 0.1 ton/ha/yr의 순으로 나타났다. 토지이용면적 가중 연간 토양침식량 산정결과, 밭은 유역전체 면적에서 차지하는 비율이 단지 10% 정도에 해당하지만 연간 총 토양침식량의 55.3%를 차지하는 것으로 나타났다. 비록 본 연구에서 적용한 토양침식량 산정 방법에 농작물의 종류와 경작형태에 대한 구체적인 정보를 포함하지 못하는 불확실성이 내재되어 있으나, 연구결과는 최소한 저수지의 탁수문제를 완화하기 위해서는 상류 유역의 토양침식 조절대책이 필요함을 시사하며, 유역의 점유율에 비해 토양침식에 기여도가 가장 큰 밭농사 지역에 대한 토양침식 억제 대책을 우선 실시하는 것이 가장 효율적일 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.104-109
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• 2016

양초로 인한 화재 원인은 양초 불꽃과 양초 주변 가연물과의 접촉 등의 일상생활 속의 부주의로 인한 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 양초로 인한 화재원인 규명을 위하여 양초의 열적 특성과 양초관련 화재 증거물의 감정 조건 실험을 수행하였다. 시중에 시판 중인 양초 10종을 시간에 따른 무게 감소속도를 측정하였는데, 양초의 심지 길이 등 크게 의존하지 않았으며, 그 감소속도는 2.6 g/h에서 6.7 g/h의 값을 가졌다. 양초 화재는 주위의 접촉 가연물과 연관이 있으므로, 그 주변의 온도를 측정하였는데, 수평 1 cm 위치에서의 온도는 대략 $200^{\circ}C$에서 $400^{\circ}C$로 발화점이 낮은 종이류 등은 불꽃과 접촉하지 않고 발화할 가능성이 있다. 양초의 녹는점은 대략 $50^{\circ}C$에서 $70^{\circ}C$ 사이이며 양초의 주성분은 유기지방산 또는 탄소개수 20개 이상의 노말 탄화수소이다. 가스크로마토그래프/질량분석기를 이용하여 증거물내의 양초성분을 분석할 때에는 양초의 낮은 휘발성으로 인해 석유계 탄화수소와 다른 전처리 조건이 필요한데, 양초관련 증거물을 $150^{\circ}C$에서 16시간을 활성탄조각과 두었을 때 양초 주요성분의 검출이 용이하였으며, 실제 화재증거물의 경우도 본 조건을 사용하였을 때 양초성분의 검출이 가능하였다.

• 분석과학
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.234-239
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• 2017

화재 현장에서 완전 연소하지 않은 잔류물의 성분을 규명하는 것은 화재 원인을 추적하는 중요한 단서가 된다. 화재 현장에서 많이 발견되는 플라스틱 연소 잔류물의 종류를 규명하기 위하여 폴리에틸렌 (Polyethylene, PE) 수지와 Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) 수지의 연소 후 잔류물에 관한 연구를 진행 하였다. 콘 칼로리미터 (Cone calorimeter)를 사용하여 플라스틱 시료를 200, 300, 350, 400, $500^{\circ}C$로 각각 3분 동안 연소시킨 후 변화된 무게와 연소생성물을 얻었다. 각 온도에서 얻어진 연소생성물을 동결 건조 후 분쇄한 분말 시료를 FT-near infrared (NIR) spectrometer로 스펙트럼을 측정 하였다. 폴리에틸렌 수지 시료를 연소시켰을 때 $350^{\circ}C$까지는 무게의 변화가 없었으나 $400^{\circ}C$ 이상에서는 급격한 무게의 변화를 측정 할 수 있었다. 각 온도에서 얻어진 폴리에틸렌 수지 및 ABS 수지 시료의 FT-NIR 측정 스펙트럼을 주성분 분석(Principle component Analysis, PCA)를 통해서 연소 잔유물이 폴리에틸렌과 ABS 지임을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 근적외선 분광법으로 화재현장에서 발견되는 불연소 플라스틱의 종류를 신속하게 확인할 수 있었다.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.39-46
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• 1972

There are many kinds of microscopes suitable for general studies; optical microscopes(OM), conventional transmission electron microscopes (TEM), and scanning electron microscopes(SEM). The optical microscopes and the conventional transmission electron microscopes are very familiar. The images of these microscopes are directly formed on an image plane with one or more image forming lenses. On the other hand, the image of the scanning electron microscope is formed on a fluorescent screen of a cathode ray tube using a scanning system similar to television technique. In this paper, the features and some applications of the scanning electron microscope will be discussed briefly. The recently available scanning electron microscope, combining a resolution of about $200{\AA}$ with great depth of field, is favorable when compared to the replica technique. It avoids the problem of specimen damage and the introduction of artifacts. In addition, it permits the examination of many samples that can not be replicated, and provides a broader range of information. The scanning electron microscope has found application in diverse fields of study including biology, chemistry, materials science, semiconductor technology, and many others. In scanning electron microscopy, the secondary electron method. the backscattererd electron method, and the electromotive force method are most widely used, and the transmitted electron method will become more useful. Change-over of magnification can be easily done by controlling the scanning width of the electron probe. It is possible. to continuously vary the magnification over the range from 100 times to 1.00,000 times without readjustment of focusing. Conclusion: With the development of a scanning. electron microscope, it is now possible to observe almost all-information produced through interactions between substances and electrons in the form of image. When the probe is properly focused on the specimen, changing magnification of specimen orientation does not require any change in focus. This is quite different from the conventional transmission electron microscope. It is worthwhile to note that the typical probe currents of $10^{-10}$ to $10^{-12}\;{\AA}$ are for below the $10^{-5}$ to $10^{-7}\;{\AA}$ of a conventional. transmission microscope. This reduces specimen contamination and specimen damage due to heatings. Outstanding features of the scanning electron microscope include the 'stereoscopic observation of a bulky or fiber specimen in high resolution' and 'observation of potential distribution and electromotive force in semiconductor devices'.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.139-149
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• 2005

In order to study about the lobule and layer formation and cell migration of the mouse cerebellum from at the birth to 15th day effected by 2.5, 5 and 10 Gy r-raddiation at the 19th pregnancy. The routine tissue preparation and staining procedure, Immunohistochemical staining method by the several antibody and western brotting method were utilized from the birth to the15th day. The results were as followings. 1. The body and cerebellum weights were more slowly increase of the the 2.5 Gy, 5 Gy and 10 Gy irradiation group compare to the control group, and the health condition of the 2.5 Gy group was a little bad. but the 10 Gy group was more severe and begun to die from the 12th day after birth. 2. The thickness, proliferation and migration of the 2.5, 5 and 10 Gy irradiated external granular cells from the maginal zone to the medullary area forming the molecular layer from the 6th day to the 15th day after birth were thinner, weaker and more slower according to the radiated dosages than the control group in the cresyl violet staining. 3. The proliteration, migration and lobulation of the 5 Gy radiated groups from the first day to the 15th day after birth were more weak, incomplete and irregular shape in the immunostaining with Dab, Cdk5, P35, calbindin and Zebrin antibody. 4. In the western blotting analysis using the Reelin, Dab, Cdk5 and P35 antibody. The Bands were in the 60 KD, 80 KD, 33 KD and 35 KD, and there were no differences between the control and irradiated groups in the molecular band except the Reelin. 5. As a results, the proliferation and migration of the outer granular and purkinje cells, and lobulation of the cerebellum by the several dosaege of the ${\gamma}$-ray radiation were proportionally incomplete according to dosage.

• 한국의료질향상학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.176-197
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• 2002

Backgound : This study is to suggest the standardized format of the clinical sheets and the standardized items of every clinical sheet. The standardization of the medical records will increase the faithfullnes of the contents in them and it will contribute to construct the good health information system. Method : From Jan. 1st. 2001 to March 31st 2001, we gathered as many paper clinical sheets as possible by every class of institutions to review the faithfulness of the clinical contents in them. Clinical sheets of 9 tertiary care hospitals, 6 general hospitals and 56 clinics were gathered. Two experienced medical record administrators reviewed them. The review focus was to check whether the items recommend by the hospital standardization review criteria and hospital service evaluation organization were appeared in the clinical sheets and whether the contents of every item were written. Results : Tertiary care hospitals; In case of administrative data, the contents were filled well if the items were fixed. The clinical data like C.C, history,physical examiniation were filled well, but if the items were not fixed, some items were omitted. The result is that more items are to be filled if they are fixed. General hospitals Administrative data were filled more than 50%. Final diagnosis was filled about 66.7%.But other clinical data were not filled well and not many clinical related items were appeared in the sheets.In the legal point of view, the reason for visiting hosptals or the right diagnosis, patient condition at discharge could not be confirmed well.In surgery cases, surgical procedures could not be confirmed well as many surgical related information(surgery time, fluids and blood, number of sponges, biopsy, etc) were omitted. Clinics More than 70% administrative data were filled and fixed as items. Among the clinical related data, laboratory result was the most credible data. But without the right diagnosis, drug orders were given and doctors' written signatures were not appeared over 96.4%. So the clinical sheets cannot be used as a legal document. Conculusion : There was a tendency that the contents were filled well if the items were fixed in the documents, We also suggest a clinical check list to review the completeness and faithfulness of the clinical sheets. If many hospitals use the suggested clincal check list and if they make the necessary items fixed in the clinical sheets, the quality of the medical record will increase dramatically.