• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.135-141
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• 2010

Bovine brucellosis, an important zoonosis, is diagnosed with serological tests such as the RBT, TAT using inactivated whole bacterial cells or bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antigen in Korea. However, a strong cross-reaction between Brucella spp. and Yersinia enterocolitica O9 in these tests has seriously complicated the diagnosis of animal brucellosis because Brucella spp. shares common antigenic determinants with Y. enterocolitica O9 in the smooth LPS region. In this study, Brucella-field strains were isolated from Brucellapositive Hanwoo in Kimhae, Korea and outer membrane protein (omp) which has low cross-reaction with Y. enterocolitica O9 and high immunogenicity was extracted from the field strains Then we compared ELISA using the extract with RBT-TAT. Fifteen field strains were isolated from 47 supra-mammary-lymph nodes, which were collected from 18 farms. Isolation rate was 32%. Brucella-specific antigen was identified by performing SDS-PAGE or Western blotting on extracted omp with at 0.5% n-lauroylsarcosine One hundred and ninety-two serum-samples were used in the experiment: 142 negative and 50 positive samples verified by RBT-TAT. According to ELISA results, 127 samples were negative and 15 appeared positive among 142 negatives by RBT-TAT, while 42 samples were positive and 8 were negative among 50 positives by RBT-TAT. Therefore, it showed 89.4% of specificity and 84% of sensi-tivity. Through the current experiments, we could set up an ELISA based on the omp which has low cross-reaction and high immunogenicity and concluded that the omp could be a good material for accurate diagnosis of bovine brucellosis.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.649-657
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• 2000

The factors affecting the back-extraction efficiency of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA, Mw. 65kDa, pl 4.9) solubilized in an AOT reverse micellar solution, prepared by the injection method, to an excess aqueous phase were investigated. In particular, the effects of pH, the types of salts, alcohols added as cosurfactants, and their concentrations in the aqueous phase were examined. Furthermore, by comparing the CD spectra of the back-extracted BSA and the feed BSA, the structural changes of BSA during the extraction process were determined. The addition of 1:1 salt such as KCl or NaCl to the aqueous phase resulted in almost a 100% extraction to the aqueous phase at a pH higher than its isoelectric point pl. This high efficiency of back-extraction might be due to the change in the interactions between the protein and micellar aggregates driven by the added salt. For 1:2 salts like $CaCl_2$ and $MgCl_2$, BSA was back-extracted with lower than 20% extraction efficiency. Maximum extraction efficiencies were attained at about pH=7 and pH=8 for monovalent and divalent salts, respectively. The addition of alcohols as cosurfactants led to an improvement in monovalent and divalent salts, respectively. From the CD spectra of BSA extracted to the aqueous phase, it was observed that denaturation of BSA was not significant. In certain back-extraction conditions, the extracted BSA showed even higher activity than the feed BSA.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.725-731
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• 2008

The principal objective of this study was to assess the effects of low-calorie diets(LCD) for 8 weeks of medical nutrition therapy in individuals with BMI in excess of $23\;kg/m^2$. 41 over-weight or obese individuals (male=14, female=27, age $28.6{\pm}8.9\;yrs$), none of whom were diagnosed with a medical disease, were administered MNT 4 times over the study period. Approximately $1,100{\sim}1,300\;kcal/day$ were prescribed by a dietitian, via individualized counseling. Anthropometric parameters, daily nutrient intake, and blood levels of leptin, insulin, and lipid profiles were measured prior to and after the 8 weeks of the intervention period. We noted significant reductions in body weight, body mass index (BMI), fat mass (FM), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), abdominal skin-fold thickness, and waist circumference in both men and women. The mean body weight losses in men and women were $3.2{\pm}0.6\;kg$/8 weeks and $2.8{\pm}0.6\;kg$/8 weeks, respectively. However, the % of lean body mass (LBM) in men and women was shown to increase significantly (p<0.05). The daily intake of calorie, fat, protein, vitamin E, folate, and iron were significantly reduced during the LCD period. Blood levels of lipids and glucose were in normal range, and evidenced no changes after LCD. However, the serum levels of leptin in female subjects were significantly reduced (p<0.00l) from $8.9{\pm}4.8\;ng/mL$ to $6.9{\pm}4.8\;ng/mL$. In conclusion, 8 weeks of LCD with individualized counseling by a dietitian effectively reduced body fat and visceral fat in both men and women with BMI in excess of $23\;kg/m^2$.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.201-208
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• 1999

To evaluate an effect of growth periods on the bromobenzene-induced liver damage, bromobenzene was administrated to 5-week-old rats and 10-week-old rats pretreated with bromobenzene 5 times every other day for 10 days and then the animals were sacrificed. The results were obtained as follows; The increasing rate of serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, xanthine oxidase activity, hepatic lipid peroxide contents, liver weight per body weight (％) and decreasing rate of hepatic contents of protein to each control group were higher in 10-week-old rats than 5-week-old rats by the pretreatment of bromobenzene. According to the above results, 10-week-old rats indicated more severe liver injury than 5-week-old those in case of bromobenzene pretreatment. On the other hand, hepatic aniline hydroxylase activity was more increased in 10-week-old rats than 5-week-old rats both in control and bromobnezene pretreated rats where as the reverse in hepatic glutathione S-transferase. In case of hepatic GSH determination at the intervals of 2, 4, 8, 24 hours throughout 24 hr after administration of single dose of bromobenzene to 5-week-old and 10-week-old rats both in control and bromobnezene pretreated, the rate of GSH utilization was lower in 10-week-old rats than 5-week-old rats. In conclusion, from the above experimental, it is deduce that the 10-week-old rats showed more severe liver injury than 5-week-old rats by the bromobenzene treatment because the disposal ability of bromobenzene in liver was lower in 10-week-old rats than 5-week-old rats.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.130-141
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• 2005

1. Objectives The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of Chungpyesagan-tang on the $CCI_4-induced$ Liver Damage in Rats. 2. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were devided into 5 experimental groups : Normal, $NS+CCI_4(Solid$ extract of $CCI_4$ injection group after Normal Saline feed), $CP+CCI_4(Solid$ extract of $CCI_4$ injection group after Chungpyesagantang feed), $CCI_4+NS(Nomal$ Saline feed group after $CCI_4$ injection), $CCI_4+CP(Solid$ extract of Chungpyesagantang feed group after $CCI_4$ injection). Biochemical assays for serum enzyme activities such as AST, ALT, ALP, BUN, Creatinine, Uric Acid, Total Protein, Albumin, Total Cholesterol, Triglyceride, Glucose, and mRNA Revelation of Cytochrome p450 and activities such as LPO(Lipid Peroxidation), GSH(Glutathione), GST(Glutathione-S- Transferase), Glutathione Reductase, Glutathione Peroxidase, SOD(Superoxide Dismutase), Catalase, Hydroxyproline, and ${\beta}-Glucuronidase$ were performed. 3. Results 1) $CP+CCI_4$ showed significantly lower relation of Cytochrome p450 than $NS+CCI_4$. 2) As to LPO Hydroxyproline, $CCI_4+CP$ showed significantly lower activity than $CCI_4+NS$. 3) As to GSH GST Glutathione Peroxidase Catalase, $CP+CCI_4$ showed higher activity than $NS+CCI_4$, $CCI_4+CP$ showed significantly higher activity than $CCI_4+NS$. 4) As to Glutathione Reductase SOD, $CCI_4+CP$ showed significantly higher activity than $CCI_4+NS$. 5) As to ${\beta}-Glucuronidase$, $CP+CCI_4$ showed signficantly lower activity than $NS+CCI_4$. 4. Conclusions Chungpyesagantang has the recovering effects on the $CCI_4-induced$ Liver Damage.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.181-196
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• 1975

Rabbit follicular oocytes were cultured in a basic medium containing 0.4% bovine serum albumin (BSA), carbohydrates and amino acids in various combinations. Osmolarity of the medium was maintained at 308 mOsm. The carbohydrates, pyruvate, lactate and glucose were all about equally beneficial, but not essential for rabbit oocyte maturation. Glutamine and proline, but not methionine or phenylalanine stimulated oocyte develoment. Glutamine stimulated more follicular oocytes to develop to prophase and metaphase II than did any of the three carbohydrates tested alone or in combination. Ammonia production after 24 hours of culture was highest in medium containing glutamine(15.2$\\mu$g/ml) but this was not inhibitory to maturation. Negligible amounts of ammonia were found with the other amino acids added. The optimum level of osmolarity for rabbit oocyte maturation appears to be ranged from 250$\\sim$310 mOsm with the maximum level of 270 mOsm. With 0, 0.08, 0.4, 2, 10 and 50 mM of glutamine in the medium, plus BSA but without carbohydrates, 30, 73, 70, 71, 59, 45% of the oocytes developed to prophase or metaphase II respectively. This indicates that no carbohydrate is required of the maturation of rabbit oocytes when 0.08$\\sim$2 mM of glutamine is included, which are the optimum range. Follicular oocytes could develop in the medium containing $^14 C$-glutamine and BSA but without carbohydrates or other organic compound. From the $^14 CO_2$ produced and TCA precipitable material isolated, it is suggested that glutamine probably is utilized by oocytes and cumulus cells as a source of energy as well as for protein synthesis.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.224-231
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• 1979

The safety of the sweetening component of stevia was studied by administrating it to the rats. The $LD_{50}$ determined by intraperitoneal injection was 3,400 mg/Kg as the stevia extract containing 50 % stevioside, i.e. $LD_{50}$ of stevioside was more than 1,700 mg/Kg. Oral administration of large quantities of the stevia extract for 56 days resulted in no effect on the growth of rats. The analyses of total blood (RBC, WBC, Hb and Hct), 17 blood serum components including total protein, glucose, cholesterol, GOT, and 11 items of findings on the liver tissues including nuclear deterioration of liver cells, proliferation of Kupffer cells, fibrosis of portal area showed no significant differences between control and treatments except lactate dehydrogenase activity after 56 day-oral administration of the extract. From the results obtained, it was supposed that the stevia extract/stevioside revealed no acute or sub-acute toxic effects on rats.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.78 no.2
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• pp.99-105
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• 2015

Background: Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a ligand-dependent transcription factor, binds to a wide variety of synthetic and naturally occurring compounds. AhR is involved in the regulation of inflammatory response during acute and chronic respiratory diseases. We investigated whether nuclear receptor coactivator 7 (NCOA7) could regulate transcriptional levels of AhR target genes and inflammatory cytokines in 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)-treated human bronchial epithelial cells. This study was based on our previous study that NCOA7 was differentially expressed between normal and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease lung tissues. Methods: BEAS-2B and A549 cells grown under serum-free conditions were treated with or without TCDD (0.15 nM and 6.5 nM) for 24 hours after transfection of pCMV-NCOA7 isoform 4. Expression levels of cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1), IL-6, and IL-8 were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: The transcriptional activities of CYP1A1 and inflammatory cytokines were strongly induced by TCDD treatment in both BEAS-2B and A549 cell lines. The NCOA7 isoform 4 oppositely regulated the transcriptional activities of CYP1A1 and inflammatory cytokines between BEAS-2B and A549 cell lines. Conclusion: Our results suggest that NCOA7 could act as a regulator in the TCDD-AhR signaling pathway with dual roles in normal and abnormal physiological conditions.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.7 no.1 s.12
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• pp.37-51
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• 2004

Objective : Recently scolopendrid aqua-acupuncture has been a good effect on pain control but it has not been known about clinical safety. The purpose of this study was to investigate acute toxicity of scolopendrid aqua-acupuncture. Method : In order to prove the clinical safety of scolopendrid aqua-acupuncture, We have observed a bacteriological examination and clinical pathology test after scolopendrid aqua-acupuncture treatment. Balb/c mice were injected intravenous with Scolopendrid aquaacupuncture treatment for $LD_{50}$ and acute toxicity test. We analyzed physical reaction(side effect)and clinical pathology test before and after Scolopendrid aqua-acupuncture treatment of mice and 20 patients suffering from pain, who admitted department of Acupunture and Moxibustion, College of Oriental Medicine, Won-Kwang University Kwangju hospital. Results : In the Blood agar plate and Nutrient agar plate, a bacteriological examination did not show a bacillus. In acute $LD_{50}$ toxicity test, there was no mortality thus unable to attain the value. Examining the toxic response in the acute toxicity test, there was no sign of toxication. In acute toxic test, running biochemical serum test couldn't yield any differences between the control and experiment groups. In the 20 patients treated with Scolopendrid aqua-acupuncture, hematologic test did not show remarkable change. In the 20 patients treated with Scolopendrid aqua-acupuncture, Liver function test(AST, ALT, ALP) showed a slight decrease on the contrary, and abnormal rate showed a decrease of 5.0% compared with previous study. Reanl function test(BUN, Cr) and abnormal rate showed a decrease of 5.0% compared with previous study. In the 20 patients treated with Scolopendrid aqua-acupuncture, Electrolyte were normal range before and after treatment. In the Urine analysis of 20 patients, Leukocyte, Protein, Glucose, Keton, Bilirubin, U-bilinogen were not detected before and after Scolopendrid aqua-acupuncture treatment, and the rest almost made no difference.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.142-162
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• 2014

Objectives: To evaluate the critical environmental factors on healthy-aging of Korean people, we investigated the significant factors influencing health status of septuagenarians living in rural area of Jeonla province, known to be one of the representative longevity regions in Korea. Methods: We divided subjects into healthy group (36M/25F) or poor-health group (26M/73F) based on self-reported health status, body mass index, a number of prescription, and blood test data. General characteristics, physical measurements, lifestyle, dietary behavior and nutrient intake, physical health and mental health data were statistically compared between the two groups. Results: Average age was not different between healthy group and poor-health group in men and women, respectively. In men, significantly favorable factors to health were observed to be higher education, regular exercise, higher grip strength and walking function, body mass index (${\geq}18.5kg/m^2$), moderate frequency of drinking and eating-out, non-smoking, normal red blood cell (RBC) count, higher serum dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEAS) level, good digestive function and appetite, normal hearing function, regular meals, adequate vegetable and fruit intake, diverse food intake, adequate energy and nutrients (protein, vitamin $B_1$, $B_6$, C and E, folate, niacin, P, Zn and K) intake, higher mini-nutrient status assessment (MNA) score and low level of depression. On the other hand, in women, those were literacy, living arrangement, moderate frequency of drinking, healthy teeth, higher grip strength and walking function, bone mineral density, normal RBC and white blood cell (WBC) count, higher DHEAS concentration, higher MNA score, normal cognition and memory function, having snack and adequate fruit intake. Conclusions: These results could be useful to plan effective strategies to increase health-life expectancy of Korean old people living in rural areas.