• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.888-899
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• 1995

Background: Topical inhaled steroids, budesonide(Bu) and beclomethasone dipropionate (BOP), are now established as effective drugs in the management of chronic asthma. These drugs have high topical anti-inflammatory effect with low systemic activity. This study was performed to determine the effects of two inhaled corticosteroids, Bu and BOP, on the adrenocortical supression in 44 patients with bronchial asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Methods: The adrenocortical function was assessed by measurement of serum cortisol concentration at 8 o'clock in morning and free cortisol in 24-hour urine collection at interval in 44 patients. No steroid was administered during the pretreatment period of 10 days and the final 6 days of the study. Each subject inhaled BOP or Bu, in daily doses of 800 or 1,600 micrograms for 12 days. The dose was delivered by metered dose inhaler (MDI) or diskhaler or large spacing device attached to MDI. Results: The levels of serum cortisol and 24-hour urinary free cortisol were decreased during the treatment period in patients inhaled Bu delivered by MDI in daily doses of 800 and 1,600 micrograms. In contrast, serum cortisol level was decreased on 6 and 12th day of treatment period in patients with BDP diskhaler in daily doses of 800 micrograms. In daily doses of 1,600 micrograms, the serum cortisol and 24hour urine free cortisol levels were decreased on 6, 9 and 12th day of treatment period in patients with BDP disk haler. The serum cortisol and 24-hour urinary free cortisol levels were not significantly decreased during the treatment period in patients inhaled Bu delivered by large spacing device attached to a MDI. Conclusion: These results showed that 1) the endogenous cortisol secretion was suppressed after inhalation of BDP and Bu in daily doses of 800 and 1,600micrograms, 2) Bu with MDI suppressed the adrenocortical function more than BDP with diskhaler, in daily doses of 1600 micrograms. and 3)large spacing device attached to a MDI might decrease the risk of suppression in the hypothalamic -pituitary- adrenal axis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.27-34
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• 1991

this study is conducted to evalute the effect of ginseng fraction components(ginseng extract siolution; GES ginseng protein ; GP ginseng saponin ; GSA ginseng residue ; GR) upon hy-perlipidemia and fatty liver induced by high fat administration. In doing so the serum liver and epididymal adpoid tissue have been examined for lipid component level cortisol and insulin level. The change of liver tissue has been observed by light and electron microscope. In the cortisol level all experimental groups were lower compared to control group. The liver of rats observed histochemically. Control group appeared to be fatty liver but GP and GSA group looks normal electron-microscopically. GES and GP group showed a slight improvement compa-red with control group.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.108-113
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• 1994

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of Cnidi rhizoma (CR) water extract on fat accumulation In fatted rats induced by the oral high fat administration for six weeks. To accomplish this evaluation, the serum and liver tissue have been examined for enzyme activity, cortisol and insulin level. The change of liver or tissue have been observed by the light microscope. GOT GPT and LDH activities were lower than the control group. Insulin and cortisol were higher than the control group, due to the fat accumulation. The liver of the control group observed by the tight microscope appeared to the fatty liver, but CR group showed some improvement of the fatty liver Based on the above results, it was shown that it is possible to improve fat accumulation induced by high fat dietary through using the oral administration of Cnidi rhizoma water extract.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.169-175
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• 2011

Objectives: The questionnaire of occupational stress index (OSI) has been popular in the workplace, and it has been tailored for bus drivers in Taiwan. Nevertheless, its outcomes for participants are based on self-evaluations, thus validation by their physiological stress biomarker is warranted and this is the main goal of this study. Methods: A cross-sectional study of sixty-three city bus drivers and fifty-four supporting staffs for comparison was conducted. Questionnaire surveys, 24-hour urine cortisol testing, and blood draws for dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S) testing were performed. The measured concentrations of these biological measures were logarithmically transformed before the statistical analysis where various scores of stressor factors, moderators, and stress effects of each OSI domain were analyzed by applying multiple linear regression models. Results: For drivers, the elevated 24-hour urine cortisol level was associated with a worker's relationship with their supervisor and any life change events in the most recent 3 months. The DHEA-S level was higher in drivers of younger age as well as drivers with more concerns relating to their salary and bonuses. Non-drivers showed no association between any stressor or satisfaction and urine cortisol and blood DHEA-S levels. Conclusion: Measurements of biomarkers may offer additional stress evaluations with OSI questionnaires for bus drivers. Increased DHEA-S and cortisol levels may result from stressors like income security. Prevention efforts towards occupational stress and life events and health promotional efforts for aged driver were important anti-stress remedies.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.71-80
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was done to investigate the effects of an infant massage on physical growth and stress response in preterm babies. Method: A nonequivalent control group with pre-posttest design was used with 56 preterm babies in the NICU of E medical center at Daejeon. Data were collected from July 2004 to May 2005. The intervention was given for 15 minutes, once a day for 7 days. Physical growth was measured by weight, length, head circumference, and stress response was measured by serum cortisol level. Mean, %, paired-test, t-test with the SPSS/W in 16.0 program were used to analyze the data. Results: After the intervention, physical growth variables (weight, length, head circumference) in experimental group were higher than that of the control group. Also, the serum cortisol level in the experimental group was lower than that of the control group. But none of these results were not statistically significant. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that a 7-day intervention period may not be long enough to confirm the effects of infant massage on physical growth and stress reaction. Therefore it is suggested that a longer period of infant massage should be tested to determine if it is effective in improving the physical growth and stress reduction in preterm babies.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.447-458
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of auricular acupressure therapy on sleep disorder and fatigue in menopausal women. Methods: The study design was a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The participants were 40~60 years old women, assigned to the experimental group (n=25) or the control group (n=27). Auricular acupressure using vaccaria seeds was administered to the experimental group. The sessions continued for 6 weeks. Outcome measures included Pittsburgh sleep quality index, sleep meter, sleep diary, fatigue assessment instrument, serum cortisol, and serum serotonin. Results: Menopausal women in the experimental group showed significant increases in deep sleep, light sleep, serotonin level and sleep duration compared with the control group. Also, the experimental group reported decreases in PSQI, sleep latency, awakening time, fatigue and cortisol level compared with the control group. Conclusion: Results show that auricular acupressure using vaccaria seeds is considered as an effective treatment for sleep disorder and fatigue in menopausal women. We conclude that it can be used as a nursing intervention method proven to reduce sleep disorder and fatigue in menopausal women.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.298-305
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• 2023

This study aimed to examine the effects of several essential oils on insomnia in dementia patients following transdermal treatment (aromatherapy). The mean change rates (%) of sleep biomarkers were compared between the single essential and jojoba (vehicle) oil massage groups in this study. The lavender (L) essential oil massage group demonstrated a significant decrease in the mean change rate (%) of 24-h urinary free cortisol, whereas the valerian (V) essential oil massage group demonstrated a significant increase in the mean change rate (%) of serum 5-hydroxytryptamine. In addition, a significant increase in the mean change rate (%) of 24-h urinary norepinephrine was observed in the chamomile (C) essential oil massage group only. Based on these results, valerian, lavender, and chamomile oils were mixed in different ratios to produce blending oils A (L:C:V=2:2:1), B (L:C:V=3:1:1) and C (L:C:V=1:3:1). The highest level of serum 5-hydroxytryptamine was observed after administering blending oil A. These results suggest that blending oil A might possess therapeutic effects against insomnia. Overall, it is hypothesized that the optimally blended essential oil will produce synergic effects when combined with hypnotic drugs.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.110-118
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of self-foot reflexology on stress (perceived stress, urine cortisol level, and serum cortisol level), fatigue, skin temperature and immune response in female undergraduate students. Methods: The research design was a nonequivalent control group pretest-post test design. Participants were 60 university students: 30 in the experiment group and 30 in the control group. The period of this study was from April to June 2010. The program was performed for 1 hr a session, three times a week for 6 weeks. The data were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 17.0 program. Results: The results showed that self-foot reflexology was effective in reducing perceived stress and fatigue, and raised skin temperature in female undergraduate students. But cortisol levels and immune response were not statistically significant different. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that self-foot reflexology is an effective nursing intervention in reducing perceived stress and fatigue and, in improving skin temperature. Therefore, it is recommended that this be used in clinical practice as an effective nursing intervention for in female undergraduate students.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.208-214
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• 1997

The objective of this study was (a) to examine the change of bloodchemistry and (b) to investigate the secretion trend of endocrinological substance in a dog model after laser-beam radiation at different level of frequency (250 Hz, 2,000 Hz, 5,000 Hz and 8,000 Hz). The experimental groups were divided into four groups were divided into four groups on the basis of the level of frequency radiated and stimulated for five minutes. Before stimulation and after a lapse of time (10-minute, 30-minute and 60-minute) all dogs were checked the following parameters; cortisol, ACTH, RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, WBC, Ca, P, ALT, AST and creatinine. The results were as follow: ten minutes after stimulation, cortisol level of 250 Hz group, 2,000 Hz group, 5,000 Hz group and 8,000 Hz group was increased 18.8%, 20.5%, 23.2% and 309%, respectively. Ten minutes after stimulation, ACTH level of 250 Hz group, 2,000 Hz group, 5,000 Hz group and 8,000 Hz group was increased 26.7%, 26.6%, 30.5% and 29.5%, respectively. It began to decrease and at 30-minute after stimulation resturned to pre-stimulation level at 60-minute after stimulation. In blood examination RBC, hemaoglobin, hematocrit and WBC level showed slight increase and decrease and returned to pre-stimulation level at 60-minute after radiation. In bloodchemical examination serum calcium, inorganic phosphorus, ALT, AST and creatinine level were within normal physiological ranges.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.115-124
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• 2009

Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae and 4 Vibrio spp, V. anguillarum, V. splendidus, V. harveyi and V. ordalii, were isolated from the diseased olive flounders, Paralichthys olivaceus. The pathogenicity of the isolates were compared to mortality, blood biochemical contents, such as alanineaminotransferase(ALT), aspatate aminotransferase(AST), and cortisol level, and non-specific immune responses, nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction of macrophages and lysozyme activities of serum. The mortalities and levels of ALT, AST and cortisol of fishes infected with P. damselae were higher than those of others but significantly low in non-specific immune responses, NBT and lysozyme activities. These results suggest that P. damsela might produce damselysin having high hemolytic and phospholipase activities, correlated with the pathogenicity. P. damsela could also make an obstruction of internal organs, following increasing in the level of ALT and AST, and depression in host immunity caused by induced high levels of cortisol.