• Journal of Life Science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.286-291
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• 2000

This study was performed to define the effects of various levels (0∼15%) of dietary yellow loess on serum constituents in Korean rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli). After seven weeks of feeding trial, hemoglobin, protein, albumin, triglyceride, cholesterol and bilirubin in serum were investigated. Chemical composition of yellow loess were composed of SiO2 49.80%, Al2O3 27.50%, FeO3 8.33%, CaO 0.09%, MgO 0.64%, K2O 1.62%, Na2O 0.12%, P2O5 0.20% and MnO 0.03%. Serum levels of total protein and albumin showed higher values the yellow loess addition groups than the control group, and the values of protein and albumin were increased with dietary yellow loess level. Serum levels of triglyceride and cholesterol in the groups fed yellow loess were lower than those in the group fed control diet. And these values decreased with dietary yellow loess level up 10%, then increased with 15% yellow loess diet. The values of bilirubin in serum significantly decreased with dietary yellow loess level up 10%, then increased with 15% yellow loess diet. Hemoglobin level from rockfish fed 7.5% and 10% yellow loess diet were significantly higher than those from fed the control diet.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.147-154
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• 2011

Animal cell cultures generally require a nutrient-rich medium supplemented with animal serum. Adult bovine serum contains a variety of nutrients including inorganic minerals, vitamins, salts, proteins and lipids as well as growth factors that promote animal cell growth. To evaluate the potential use of gender-specific bovine serum (GSBS) for cell culture, the biochemical properties of male serum (MS), female serum (FS) and castrated-male serum (CMS) were investigated. Overall, the chemical profile of GSBS was similar to that of bovine references except for glucose, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase and potassium. FS showed elevated total protein and sodium concentrations compared to MS and CMS. Proteins present in MS, FS and CMS but absent in fetal bovine serum (FBS) were selected by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and identified by peptide mass fingerprinting. Some of the identified proteins are known to be involved in immune responses and the others have unknown physiological roles. Moreover, it was found that some proteins such as alpha-2-macroglobulin appeared to be gender-specific with higher contents in FS. Insulin and testosterone was significantly higher in MS, and $17{\beta}$-estradiol and estrone were higher in FS, as compared to the other sera. Taken together, the results indicate that each GSBS has a different ratio of components. Differences in serum constituents may affect cell cultures in a different manner and could be beneficial, depending on the specific aim of cell cultures.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.225-231
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• 2009

The present study deals with the amelioration by Lagerstroemia speciosa Linn. leaf extract against hepatotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$), which was evaluated in terms of serum marker enzymes like serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase, serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, serum total bilirubin, total protein levels along with concomitant hepatic and antioxidants like superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase and lipid peroxidation enzymes were monitored. These biochemical parameters altered by the single dose level of $CCl_4$ (0.75 ml/kg body weight, i.p). Pre treatment with L. speciosa prior to the administration of $CCl_4$, at the doses of 50 and 250 mg/kg. body weight/day, p.o. for 7 days, significantly restored all the serum and liver tissue parameters near to the normal levels, respectively. Silymarin was used as a reference standard, prior to the administration of $CCl_4$ to rats. These findings indicate the protective potential of L. speciosa against hepato toxicity which possibly involve mechanism related to its ability of selective inhibitors of (reactive oxygen species like antioxidants brought about significant inhibition of TBARS suggesting possible involvement of $O_2{\cdot}-$, $HO_2{\cdot}$, and ${\cdot}OH$. In conclusion, the amelioration may be attributed to the synergistic effects of its constituents rather than to any single factor as the leaves are rich in tannins, sterols, flavonoids, saponins etc.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.364-369
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• 2008

Anti-hyperlipidemic effect of red ginseng (RG; the steamed root of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) and Crataegii fructus (CF, the fruit of Crataegus pinnatifida BGE), which are used frequently in China and Korea as herbal medicines to treat arteriosclerosis, were investigated. Treatments of RG and CF significantly reduced blood triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels in Triton WR-1339-induced hyperlipidemic mice and serum TG levels in corn oil-induced hypertriglyceridemic mice. Ginsenoside Rg3 and ursolic acid, the main constituents of RG and CF, respectively, also reduced TG and TC levels in hyperlipidemic mice. RG and CF significantly lowered the high blood TG and TC levels and body and epididymal mass weights induced by long-term feeding of a high-fat diet and increased the high-fat diet-induced decrease in blood HDL cholesterol levels. RG and Rg3 reduced the blood TC levels more than CF and ursolic acid. However, blood TG level were reduced by CF and ursolic acid more than RG and Rg3. RG, CF, and their constituents also inhibited pancreatic lipase and HMG-CoA reductase activities. The most potent inhibitor was Rg3. These findings suggest that RG and CF may be suitable for the therapies of hypercholesterolemia and triglyceridemia, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.34 no.3 s.134
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• pp.263-268
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• 2003

This study was carried out to evaluate the change of blood constituents during the growth of antlers in Korean spotted deer (Cervus nippon). Samples of blood, obtained from the jugular vein of twenty five deer (3 to 6 year-old males) were taken in 10 days interval from casting to cutting of antler and were analyzed the blood parameters. Total-protein concentration in blood serum showed significantly differences during growth period of velvet antler (p<0.01), and it had similar tendency for total protein and albumin concentration, but albumin concentration was about 40-45% of total protein concentration. Urea and creatinine concentration was tended to inverse proportion, and it was almost 30:1 for ratio of urea and creatinine concentration. The concentration of total protein, creatinine, and uric acid concentration in blood during growth period of velvet antler was similarly increased and decreased but urea concentration was opposed. The concentration of total-bilirubin and direct-bilirubin at casting was higher than those at other period(P<0.05).

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.429-438
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• 2005

This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of feeding CLA and coumarin on the changes of biochemical composition of velvet antler and blood serum in spotted deer (Cervus nippon). There were no significant differences between treatments in crude protein, crude fiber, and crude ash contents of velvet antler. The content of fatty acid did not differ between treatments, although there were significant differences (P<0.05) in C16:0 and C20:0. The content of collagen was significantly higher (P<0.05) in control than those in CLA and coumarin treatments. There were no significant differences between treatments in the contents of amino acids. Some constituents of blood showed much differences in comparison of pre and post-experiment for all treatments. Feeding of CLA and coumarin was not influential on the chemical composition of velvet antler and blood serum.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.39-50
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• 1990

Chemical constituents in blood serum and electrolytes were mearsured to the cultured flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus classified by control group and establishments of mari-netcages from April 7, 1990 to May 8, 1990. The total protein, albumin and glucose were $5.74{\pm}0.83g/dl$, $0.94{\pm}0.22g/dl$ and $62{\pm}29mg/dl$, respectively in the blood serum constituents of control group. The potassium, sodium and calcium were $2.5{\pm}1.1\;mmol/l$, $169{\pm}17\;mmol/l$ and $5.0{\pm}1.7\;mg/l$, respectively in the electrolytes of control group. In the variation of chemical constituents and electrolytes in blood serum, glucose of PVC group was alone represented $66{\pm}19\;mg/dl$ as control level on the 9th after locomotion to mari-floating netcages, and was stable within period of experiment in comparision with the other group. Subsequently stable netron group was decreased $49{\pm}15\;mg/dl$ on the 12th. Total protein of netron group was alone represented $5.72{\pm}1.11\;g/dl$ as control level on the 27th. Albumin of PVC group was stable, and was retruned $1.00{\pm}0.18\;g/dl$ as control level on the 27th. Potassium of PVC and netron group were stable within priod of experiment. Sodium of PVC, pole-PVC group were stable, and were $169{\pm}17{\sim}178{\pm}10\;mmol/l$, $173{\pm}10{\sim}179{\pm}9\;mmol/l$ respectively in blood serum with in priod of experiment. According to the combined results of chemical constituents in blood serum and electrolytes classified by establishment of mari-floating netcages, the experiment group that were stabilized variation were in order of PVC, netron and pole-PVC group. But the other groups were extended the range of variation.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.165-169
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• 2002

The effects of various fractions from the whole plant of Pelvetia siliquosa Tseng et Chang (Fucaceae) on the $CCl_4$-induced hepatotoxicity as well as on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes in rats were investigated. The ether fraction exhibited a potent rat lens aldose reductase (RLAR) inhibition in vitro and showed a significant inhibition of not only serum glucose concentrations but also sorbitol accumulations in the lens, red blood cells and sciatic nerves in the STZ-induced diabetic rats. When administered orally in Sprague-Dawley rats, $H_{2}O$ fraction was found to cause a significant inhibition of the rise in the serum transaminase activities in $CCl_4$-intoxicated rats. These results suggested that this plant might possess constituents with hepatoprotective, anti-diabetic effects and those effects on diabetic complications.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.193-200
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• 1988

Immunopotentiating activity of water extract of Lycii Fructus, Rubus Fructus, Torilis Fructus, Schizandrae Fructus and Cuscutae Semen were investigated using mouse fed with normal diet and protein deficient diet. Body weight, ratio of spleen or thymus to body weight, number of total peritoneal exudate cell, content of total serum protein and albumin content were decreased in the mouse fed with protein deficient diets as compared to the mouse fed with normal diet. Regardless of the nutritional condition, the supplement of the water extract of Lycii, Rubus Torilis, Schizandrae Fructus or Cuscutae Semen increased the ratio of spleen to body weight. The increment of this ratio was significant by the supplement of water extracts of Lycii and Torilis Fructus in mouse fed with protein deficient diet. The supplement of water extracts of Torilis Fructus to the mouse fed with protein deficient diet increased the content of total serum protein and albumin content significantly. Similar results were obtained with Lycii, Rubus, Schizandrae Fructus and Cuscutae Similar. The electrophorogram shows the difference in the concentration of some serum protein constituents between the mouse fed with normal diet and protein deficient diet.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.953-966
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• 1993

The purpose of this study is to investigate the nutritional status and blood constituents of the diabetics by obese index. All the measurements were taken from 501 (male 202, female 299) diabetics. Subjects were devided into 4 groups(underweight, ideal body weight, overweight, obesity) by obese index. 1) Energy intake was 1670-1900 Kcal in male diabetics and 1460-1560 Kcal in female diabetics. 2) In male diabetics, intakes of dietary cholesterol, protein food and polyunsturated fatty acid were significantly higher in underweight group than the other three groups. 3) In male diabetics, obese indices of RBW, BMI, WHR were observed to have significant positive correlation with alcohol intake(r=0.15, p<0.05). In female diabetics, WHR was observed to have a significant positive correlation with cholesterol intake(r=0.21, p<0.001). 4) In male diabetics, obese indices of RBW, BMI were observed to have significant negative correlations with total fatty acid(r=-0.16, -0.15), PUFA(r=-0.21, -0.20), total 6 fatty acid (r=-0.20, -0.19), and linoleic acid(r=-0.20, -0.19). In female diabetics, obese index of weight was observed to have significant negative correlations with total fatty acid(r=-0.13), saturated fatty acid(r=-0.13). 5) HDL (5) of diabetics was lower than normal level in all weight groups except underweight. VLDL(5) and serum TG(mg/dl) of diabetics was higher than normal level in all weight groups except underweight. 6) In male diabetics, obese indices of weight, RBW, BMI were observed to have significant negative correlations with HDL(r=-0.44, -0.29, -0.35), positive correlation with VLDL(r=0.39, 0.24, 0.30), and positive correlations with serum TG(r=0.25, 0.22, 0.24).