• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.765-772
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• 2001

To delineate the relationship between the nutrient intake from diet and the serum biochemical markers of bone metabolism, 56 postmenopausal women of 50 to 77 years of age were recruited. The biochemical markers including osteocalcin, calcium, phosphorus, estradiol and free testosterone were measured in fasting blood. Bone mineral density(BMD) was measured also by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, and the nutrient intake of earth individual subject was estimated by 24-hour recall of 3 days. The age of the subjects was 64.8 $\pm$ 7.7 years, and the BMDs of the subject were 0.86 $\pm$ 0.26g/$cm^2$(Lumbar spine), 0.60 $\pm$ 0.10g/$cm^2$ (Femoral neck), 0.49 $\pm$ 0.10g/$cm^2$(Trochanter), and 0.41 $\pm$ 0.14g/$cm^2$(Ward's triangle). There were no significant differences among age and nutrient intake level groups due to the small sample size. The biochemical markers showed certain degree of relationship with nutrient intake levels. The results were compared among 3 groups with different nutrient intake level classified by the percentage of Recommended Daily Allowances(RDA) for Koreans as follows low < 75% RDA, 75% RDA $\leq$ adequate < 125% RDA, high $\geq$ 125% RDA. The low energy and low riboflavin groups showed significantly higher serum osteocalcin levels than those of the high intake groups(p < 0.05). On the other hand, there was a trend for serum Ca level to be higher with high nutrient intake. In this case, protein and thiamin were the only nutrients that reached a statistical significance(p < 0.05). And the groups with low intake for protein and Ca showed significantly lower serum free testosterone levels than that of other intake groups(p < 0.05). This study suggests an important role of nutrient intake levels on blood biochemical markers of bone metabolism.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.169-171
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• 2003

Sodium, potassium, calcium, zinc and magnesium levels in the serum of 31 patients diagnosed as acute myocardial infarction were analyzed on admission (within 24 Hours) and after 48 hours. The results were compared with those of 26 age matched controls. No significant difference was observed in the mean sodium, potassium, calcium and zinc levels between the cases and controls. Compared to the controls, however, the variation in the level of magnesium is highly significant at the time of admission as well as after 48 hours. When the risk factors like diabetes mellitus, hypertension, smoking and alcohol were considered, it is found that there is no significant difference between the risk groups as well as between the patients. The alteration in magnesium level in acute myocardial infarction is independent of these risk factors. Within the first 24 hours, the significant decrease in serum magnesium (35-51％ fall when compared with the control group), correlates with its entry into the cell following ischemia. From this hypomagnesemic state, it rises to 9-22 times after 48 hours. This hyper-magnesemia after 45 hours is probably due to the shift of magnesuim from the intracellular fluid compartment to the extracellular fluid compartment that follows cellular recovery. Therefore, including magnesium in the immediate management of acute myocardial infarction will be beneficial in the early recovery.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.46-52
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• 1994

Recently it is reported that RBC membrane fluidity decreases and RBC calcium levels increase with age. The aim of this study was to analyze changes in lipid and calcium metabolism with age, and to seek relationship of diet and metabolism. With clinically normal Korean adults(male 60, female 63), this study was carried out in three phases : 1) to analyze fatty acid percentage of RBC membrane, 2) to analyze calcium levels of RBC with age, and 3) to compare the effects of dietary fatty acid intake on blood fatty acid profiles. The results are as follows : The P/S ratio of RBC membrane fatty acid decreased with age. The RBC calcium content increased according to age, with women having a higher level than men. The higher intake groups of linolenic acid(C18:3) has statistically higher serum linolenic acid levels. But dietary effects of membrane fatty acid were not found. Therefore, the further research to seek the possible relationship of diet and membrane fatty acid should be continued.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.641-645
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• 2021

A 3,480 g male neonate showed tachypnea symptom with a serum ionized calcium level of 0.66 mmol/L by routine clinical analysis. He was injected calcium gluconate intravenously through femoral vein catheter to treat the hypocalcemia. On second day after the injection, he started to show erythema in the flank area. The lesion became firm and changed into whitish crust consist of small crystals. Abdominal X-ray and ultrasonography showed the accumulation of calcium deposit in the subcutaneous layer of the lesion. Surgical debridement was performed to remove the crust with calcium deposit and acellular fish skin graft rich in omega-3 (Kerecis) was applied to the defect site for secondary intention of the defect wound. After 2 months, the skin and soft tissue defect were fully covered with healthy normal skin without depression or contracture. This report is a first case of iatrogenic calcinosis cutis without extravasation symptom.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.58-64
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• 2006

In the clinical state of vitamin D deficiency, it is possible that associated phosphate depletion, parathyroid hormone excess, and hypocalcemia may all depress the proximal tubular reabsorption of bicarbonate, in addition to abnormal skeletal modeling or remodeling, Although nutritional rickets is considered a rare disease in developed countries nowadays, cases of vitamin D deficient rickets caused by various unhealthy lifestyles such as insufficient exposure to sunlight, breast feeding infants without giving vitamin D supplements, unbalanced vegetarian diets of breast feeding mothers, low-birth weight, and maternal deficiency of vitamin D or calcium are increasing. Here, we present the case of an 8 month old girl, who was completely breastfed without any weaning diet or infant vitamin supplements. She visited our emergency room with hypocalcemic seizure and subsequently was diagnosed with vitamin D deficient rickets accompanied by overt bone changes and proximal renal lobular acidosis. After intravenous(IV) and oral calcium replacement therapy(IV calcium gluconate injection 1 mEq/kg/day for 6 days, 2 mEq/kg/day for 4 days followed by oral calcium gluconate administration 4 g/day for 3 days) with vitamin D supplement(Alfacalcidol 0.5 mcg/day) during admission, serum calcium level was normalized with clinical improvement. Oral sodium bicarbonate(0.6 g/day) was administered from the $2^{nd}$ hospital day for 2 weeks, which normalized the serum bicarbonate(measured by $tCO_2$) level. Calcium and vitamin D replacement were continued for 2 weeks and 3 months each. After discontinuing medications, follow up laboratory findings showed good maintenance of serum calcium, alkaline phosphate and bicarbonate levels with complete improvement of bone X-ray findings.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.59-64
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• 2005

This study is to find out effects of hot water soluble extract from green tea, one of the Korean favorites, on the calcium metabolism and bone strength in body. To do so, calcium, phosphate, creatinine concentration and ALP activity in blood and the content of calcium and ash in the organ, the length, weight, strength in bone were measured. In addition, to find the calcium metabolism, the level of calcium intake, excretion, retention were measured. Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups and isoloated soy protein was provided as the source of protein and CaCO₃ was provided as the source of calcium. 0.5% hot water soluble extract from green tea was provided to the green tea groups and for the control group deionized water was provided. The results are as follows ; 1. There is no difference between the experimental groups in diet intake, weight gain, and the feed intake. 2. Feed efficiency ratio was low in the group which hot water soluble extract from green tea was provided. 3. There is no difference between groups the level of calcium, phosphorus, creatinine and ALP activity in serum. 4. There is no difference between groups weight, contents of ash and calcium in kidney and liver. 5. There is no difference between groups in calcium intake, absorption, excretion, and retention. 6. There is no difference between groups weight, length and strength in bone. In summary, when hot water soluble extract from green tea was provided with the amount of 150-200mg, which is taken when people generally drink as favorite tea, weight gain was reduced due to the decrease of feed efficiency ratio. However, it did not affect the availability of calcium in body at all. Thus, even if a big quantity of green tea powder or solid of hot green tea extract is not provided, the quantity obtained when people drink green tea lowers the feed efficiency ratio without reducing availability of calcium in body.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.24-40
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was carried out to investigate the effects of Guibi Tang(GT) and Placenta Hominis blended Guibi Tang(GTPH) on the postmenopausal osteoporosis. Methods: In order to observe the potential effects of GT and GTPH on the osteoporosis induced by ovariectomy, antioxidative effects of GT and GTPH were measured. Antioxidative activity for the samples was investigated by Rancimat method. Animals were observed for 8 weeks, and vehicle and extracts of prescriptions were administered ad libitum. And we measured the variance of body weight, femoral bone weight, serum level of osteocalcin, calcium, alkaline phosphatase(ALP), estradiol, cholesterol, triglyceride, alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and creatinine. Results: As a result, GTPH showed antioxidative effect, but did not in GT. Body weight increased significantly in 6 weeks after ovariectomy, and the weight of GTPH administered group decreased significantly. GT and GTPH decreased the serum level of cholesterol and triglyceride. Administration of GTPH increased the serum level of ALP when compared with control group. Ovariectomy and GT, GTPH administration had no influence on serum level of ALT and creatinine. Conclusion: According to above results. We suggest that GT and GTPH may be used prevention and curing the postmenopausal osteoporosis.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.773-781
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• 2007

The objective of this study was to investigate the nutritional and health status of women industrial workers by working fields. One hundred forty eight (105 lead and 43 office) workers were recruited from March 2005 to October 2005. Information on age, education, smoking and drinking status were collected using questionnaire and nutrient intake and diet quality of workers were assessed by average of two-day 24 hr recall method. Biochemical indexes including blood lead level (PbB), indexes for iron status, serum calcium (Ca) and serum lipid profiles were analyzed from fasting venous blood or serum. Results showed that education level of lead workers was lower than that of office workers (p<0.05), but nutrient intake levels were not significantly different by working fields. Overall nutritional status of the subject were good except for calcium, vitamin $B_2$, C and folic acid intakes. PbB of lead workers were significantly higher than that of office workers while mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and serum Ca levels were significantly lower in lead workers. MCHC was positively correlated with zinc intake (r=0.166) and serum Ca was positively correlated with vitamin C intake (r=0.179). This study confirms that lead workers need extra care to keep their health and nutritional management especially for the nutrients known to interact with lead. Tailored nutrition education for workers at specific working fields needs to be more focused for the improvement of health status of industrial workers.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.336-343
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• 2008

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of caffeine on lipid and mineral content in the serum of rats given a caffeine free diet(FC), a low caffeine diet(LC), a medium caffeine diet(MC), a high caffeine diet(HC) or a super-high caffeine diet(SHC) for 5 weeks. Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats(body weight, $110{\pm}0.3$ g) were blocked into 5 groups and fed diets with or without pure caffeine. Caffeine intake models showed a lower mean-weight gain, food intake and food efficiency in the high caffeine diet groups(MC, HC and SHC groups) than the groups receiving a caffeine free or low caffeine diet(FC and LC groups). Serum total lipid, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels decreased, but the serum HDL-cholesterol level increased according to the increase in caffeine intake. Serum total lipid, HDL-cholesterol and serum triglyceride were significantly lower in the HC and SHC groups than the FC group. All of the serum minerals decreased as caffeine intake increased. Serum iron, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus significantly decreased in the HC and SHC groups compared to the FC group. Caffeine intake was associated with less weight gain and reduced serum total cholesterol, triglyceride and total lipid. The results suggest that rats fed high amounts of caffeine may be susceptible to osteoporosis due to their low levels of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.196-201
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• 1983

This experiment was undertaken to determine the effect of several levels of cadmium on growth and some mineral concentrations in the serum, tibia and teeth of rats. The results obtained are summarized as follows. Growth rate was significantly decreased as the feeding level of cadmium increased, especially body weight in the 40 ppm level was greatly reduced than that of initial body weight. The weight of liver was increased in 40 ppm group as a result of edema. But the weight of kidney, heart, spleen, lung and testis was not affected. The cadmium concentration of serum was higher in rats receiving 40 ppm than that of other levels, and the concentrations of iron, zinc, copper, magnesium and calcium were decreased as the cadmium content of drinking water increased. The cadmium and phosphorus contents of tibia were greatly high in the 40 ppm level, but the content of iron copper, zinc, magnesium, calcium and ash tended to be decreased with increasing level of cadmium. The cadmium concentration of teeth was predominantly high compared with that of the serum and tibia. Also, the concentration of iron, copper and zinc tended to be dedrased with increasing cadmium level, but the contents of magnesium, calcium and ash tended to be increased.