• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.97-109
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of anti-inflammatory plant extracts on the in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics and methane emission. Anti-inflammatory plant extracts from Morus bombycis Koidz, Mallotus japonicus L., Morus alba L., Paulownia coreana Uyeki, Isodon japonicus Hara and Ginkgo biloba L. were used in the study. The ruminal fluid(5 mL), McDougall buffer(10 mL), timothy as a substrate(0.3 g) and each anti-inflammatory plant extract(5% of substrate) were dispensed anaerobically into 50mL serum bottle. The mixtures were incubated for 3, 9, 12, 24, 48 and 72h at $39^{\circ}C$ without shaking. Supplementation of the anti-inflammatory plant extracts did not effects characteristics(pH, digestibility of dry matter, glucose concentration, ammonia concentration, protein concentration, VFA) on rumen fermentation. Total gas was showed a different pattern depending on treatments. Carbon dioxide was significantly(p<0.05) higher in Morus alba and Isodon japonicus than in control at 48h. Methane was significantly(p<0.05) lower in treatment than in control at initial fermentation. However the more incubation time was increased, the more methane emission was higher in treatment than in control. The concentrations of polyphenol and flavonoid were higher in Ginkgo biloba. In conclusion, supplementation of the anti-inflammatory plant extracts did not effect on rumen fermentation and methane emission was decreased in initial fermentation.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.36 no.8
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• pp.1228-1240
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• 2023

Objective: This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of dietary crude protein (CP) on growth performance, blood profiles, diarrhea incidence, nutrient digestibility, and odor emission in weaning pigs. Methods: A total of 240 weaning ([Yorkshire×Landrace]×Duroc) pigs (8.25±0.050 kg body weight [BW]) were assigned to six treatments based on sex and initial BW, with five replicates of eight pigs per pen in a randomized complete block design. Experimental diets with different crude protein levels for early and late weaning phases were as follows: i) CP16, corn-soybean-based diet containing 16%/15% CP; ii) CP17, corn-soybean-based diet containing 17%/16% CP; iii) CP18, corn-soybean-based diet containing 18%/17% CP; iv) CP19, corn-soybean-based diet containing 19%/18% CP; v) CP20, corn-soybean-based diet containing 20%/19% CP; and vi) CP21, corn-soybean-based diet containing 21%/20% CP. Results: In the early weaning period, average daily feed intake increased when the dietary CP level decreased (linear, p<0.05). During the entire experimental period, average daily gain and the gain to feed ratio decreased when the dietary CP level increased (linear, p<0.01). Additionally, a decrease in dietary CP level resulted in a linear increase in final BW (linear, p<0.05). In the early and late weaning periods, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) decreased when the dietary CP level decreased (linear, p<0.01). There were no significant differences in creatinine, glucose, total protein, triglyceride or insulin-like factor-1 levels over the experimental period. The concentrations of immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgG were not significantly affected by dietary CP levels during the experimental period. In the early weaning period, fecal and urine N decreased when the dietary CP level decreased (linear, p<0.01). No differences in nutrient digestibility among the treatments during the early weaning period were found. Throughout the whole experimental period, when the dietary CP level decreased in the weaning pig diet, the diarrhea incidence decreased linearly (linear, p<0.01). Throughout the whole experimental period, when the dietary CP level decreased in the weaning pig diet, ammonia, amines and hydrogen sulfide decreased linearly (linear, p<0.01). Conclusion: Reducing dietary CP could decrease diarrhea incidence, the concentration of BUN in serum and odor emission in manure. Furthermore, it could improve N excretion in feces and urine and growth performance in weaning pigs.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.231-240
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• 2009

Sixteen ruminally cannulated Korean native steers (Hanwoo; $626.2\pm47.72$ kg) were used to investigate the effects of polyclonal antibodies against abdominal (AAb) and subcutaneous adipocyte membrane proteins (SAb) on ruminal fermentation patterns and blood metabolites. The body weight (BW) of Hanwoo was decreased 2-weeks after AAb and SAb injection, BW reduction was also observed in control and non-immunized serum groups, indicating that stress induced by other factors (e.g. blood sampling etc.) rather than antibodies injection may affect the BW reduction. Antibodies treatment did not affect (P > 0.05) rumen pH, volatile fatty acids and ammonia-N concentration. The ranges were similar with typical ranges of those in Hanwoo. Compared with control, blood urea N concentration was decreased in AAb group and increased (P < 0.05) in SAb group before antibodies treatment. However, none of the groups were significantly (P > 0.05) affected at 2- or 4-weeks after the treatment. Concentration of plasma glucose in the non-immunized serum group was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than the other groups at 0-week after treatment. However, antibodies treatment did not affect the concentration of plasma glucose. Concentration of plasma triglyceride showed no difference (P > 0.05) between the groups and ranged from 11.4 to 19.9 mg/dl, which is the perfect range of plasma triglyceride of Hanwoo fed concentrate based diets. In conclusion, these results may indicate that the present AAb and SAb have safety in nutritional physiological metabolism in Hanwoo. Further study on in vivo fat reduction of the antibodies against abdominal and subcutaneous adipocytes PMPs of Hanwoo is required for inedible fat-reduced high quality beef production.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.17-28
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• 2003

A feeding trial was carried out to evaluate the effects of feeding Lactobacillus reuteri culture(LRC) on the performance, nutrients digestibility, intestinal microflora, serum metabolites, ammonia generation and litter dampness in broiler chicks. Four hundred eighty, one day old male chicks were fed into none, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4% of LRC supplementation fer seven weeks. Basal diets excluded antibiotics contained ME 3,100, 3,100 kcal/kg, and CP 22.0, 20.0% for starter and grower, respectively. Weight gain of chicks fed LRC was significantly higher than no supplemental group in overall period(P<0.05). Feed intake was the highest in the 0.1% LRC, but not statistically different from other treatments. Feed conversion showed no significance among treatments. Viable Lactobacillus spp. number of chicks fed 0.2 and 0.4% LRC was significantly higher in cecum at seven weeks of age compared to the none(P<0.05). The tendency of anaerobes number was similar to Lactobacillus spp in ileum and cecum. Total number of E. coli and Salmonella were no difference in all treatments. In serum metabolites, feeding LRC increased triglyceride, and inorganic phosphorus, but no different total protein, albumin, total cholesterol, glucose, blood urea nitrogen and Ca. Nutrients digestibility improved significantly in 0.4% LRC compared to that of none(P<0.05). Fecal NH$_3$, gas generation was greatly decreased in the LRC supplemental groups(P<0.05). Moisture contents of bedding was also significantly decreased in LRC feeding group. It was concluded from the present study that feeding Lactobacillus reuteri culture improved the growth performance and nutrients digestibility of broiler chicks and minimize the fecal noxious gas emission.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.838-845
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• 1995

The determination of ADA(adenosine deaminase) activity in pleural fluid is useful in differental diagnosis of pleural effusion. The conventional method of determining ADA activity used by Giusti was influenced by contamination of ammonia. Additionally, because Giusti's method was mannual method a determining the ADA activities in sample, was not easily automated. In 1993, Oosthuizen HM with collegues developed simple kinetic method for determining ADA activity. It was reliable and suiable method for automation. In this study, we have measured ADA activity in 162 patients with various pleural effusion by Hitachi 747 autoanalyser using the Oosthuizen kinetic method for the purpuse of determination of new diagnostic cut-off value for the tuberculous effusion and evaluation of the correlation between the conventional method and new automated method. This new method of an enzymatic reaction involves 2, 6-dichlorophenolindophenol dye(DICP), adenosine, xanthine oxidase(XO), and nucleoside phosphorylase(NP). The results were as follows: 1) The mean pleural ADA activity of the tuberculous effusion was $52.53{\pm}16.43\;U/L$ and significantly higher than that of other groups(p<0.001). If the diagnostic cut-off value of pleural ADA activity for tuberculous effusion is above 30 U/L, the sensitivity is 96% and the specificity is 90%. 2) The mean pleural to serum ADA activity ratio of the tuberculous effusion was $2.29{\pm}0.96$ and it was also significantly higher than that of other pleural groups(p<0.001). If the diagnostic cut-off value of pleural to serum ADA activity ratio is 1.5, the sensitivity is 80% and the specificity is 88% in the diagnosis of tuberculous pleural effusion. 3) The new kinetic method is correlates well to Giuisti's conventional method(r=0.971). In conclusion, the new kinetic method described is easily automated and seems to be suitable for the routine determination of ADA activity.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.117-123
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• 2011

Purpose: Congenital intrahepatic portosystemic shunts are rare disease and clinically asymptomatic shunts may be detected by chance on ultrasonogram before and after birth. We studied clinical course, treatment and prognosis of congenital intrahepatic portosystemic shunt at prenatal or neonatal period. Methods: Medical records of 8 patients which were diagnosed in intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in Cheil General Hospital from 2006 through 2010 were reviewed retrospectively. Results: Eight patients with congenital intrahepatic portosystemic shunts were identified. Six patients were diagnosed at prenatal radiological screening, including three cases of intrauterine growth restriction and two cases of preterm baby. One case with increased serum ammonia underwent coil embolization. In four cases including one case that presented elevated direct bilirubin, shunts were closed spontaneously within 11th month after birth. Two patients were diagnosed on abdominal sonogram after birth because of elevated direct hyperbilirubinemia, all of whom presented intrauterine growth restriction. Closure of shunts was confirmed during 4th month to 6th month. Conclusion: Congenital intrahepatic portosystemic shunts are clinically asymptomatic mostly and spontaneous closure is expected within 2 years age. But occasionally they have severe complication, so clinical and radiological observation is needed. Specially in cases of intrauterine growth retardation without evident cause, the possible diagnosis of congenital intrahepatic portosystemic shunts should be considered and prenatal and postnatal examination should be performed. When prenatal diagnosis is made, fetal wellbeing should be monitored periodically until spontaneous closure of shunts.