• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.8-26
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• 1983

Various early pregnancy diagnostic methods have been developed in order to improve the reproductive efficiency in cow, mare, mule, sow, sheep, goat, dog, cat, rabbit, buffalo, camel, elephant, monkey, deer, lion, coipus and guinea pig. These methods include abdominal swelling, abdominal palpation, esturs cylce detection, Lupin test, gonadotropin assay, colostrum injection test, sperm motility assessment, cervical mucus viscosity test, Kaber chromagens method, estrogen test, A Scheim-Zond다 test, spectrophotometric detection of estrogen in urine and feces, boric acid crystraline formation test in urine, oxytocin injection test, diamino-oxidase test, PMSG HA test, behaviour test, Simolus iodine detection test, detection of tryptophane in urine, x-ray method, Cuboni and Lunaas method, vaginal biopsy method, Friedmann Schneider diagnostic method, electrode method, barium chloride detection method, ECG, Doptone method, ultrasound method, ultrasound scanning method, LDH method, rectal palpation method, CL palpation method, radioautography, serum creatine test, serum globulin test, chlormadine method, CAP method, Medata Do, pp.ers method, body fluid test, Plasma oCS detection method, ERIA, LHRH method, negative latex cogulation test and oestrone sulphate detection method. The most reliable methods with high a, pp.icability to farm animals such as sheep, mare, sow and cow are rectal palpation, ultrasound method and hormonal assay in blood and milk. However, they require complicated laboratory works for the early diagnosis of pregnancy and in most cases, the simple and economical methods which are described up to now need a long period of time after conception. Generally, it is possible to detect pregnancy after one estrus cycle, even though it varies depending on the species of animals. For improvement of the reproductive efficiency, it is required to develop a more accurate, economical, simple and early detectable method. It is anticipated that the result of a study on the detection method of EPF(early pregnancy factor) would be a, pp.icable to various animals within 6 hours after conception.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.543-551
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• 1993

This study was designed to observe the effects of the feeding mixed with the sardine oil containing n-3 EPA, DHA and the safflower oil in which rich n-6 linoleic acid on the improvement of the lipids and on the fatty acid matabolism of serum lipoprotein in the dietary hyperlipidemic rats. Experimental oils mixed with 16% butter(control group) and 8% butter+8% olive oil, 8% butter and various level of sardine and safflower oils were administered to the male rats of the Sprague Dawley for 4 weeks. Concentrations of total cholesterol in serum lipoproteins were highest in the LDL, followed by VLDL, HDL and chylomicron components. in the triglyceride concentrations, chylomicron were highest, and much VLDL, LDL, HDL components. There were highest in the HDL, followed by LDL, VLDL and chylomicron in phospholipid concentrations of serum lipoproteins. Concentrations of total cholesterol, triglyceride and phospholipid in serum lipoprotein were lower in the other groups than in the control groups, and particularly, lowest in the group 5(4% sardine oil+4% safflower oil). From this results, the feeding equal quantity mixed oil with n-3 PUFA rich sardine oil and n-6 PUFA rich safflower oil were effective on the improvement of the lipid composition in the serum lipoprotein. It might be due to the effects of appropriate rations of P/S, 0.85 and n-6/n-3P, 2.85 in the test lipids. In the fatty acid composition of serum lipoprotein, ratio of P/S and n-3/n-6P were influenced from the fatty acid compositions of the mixed test lipids. And EPA contents were higher in the chylomicron components.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.355-361
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• 1986

Vibrio vulnificus, a halophilic Vibrio has gained worldwide attention as a cause of severe and frequently fatal wound infections and life-threatening septicemia. For this reason V. vulnificus is thought to produce extreme hemoconcentration and rapid death after infection, and because V. vulnificus is thought to be less susceptible to bactericidal activity of normal human serum, the present study was undertaken to assess the susceptibility of V. vulnificus to human serum bactericidal activity with that of V. parahemolyticus and V. cholerae and to assess the effect of Vibrio species, Salmonella typhimurium and E. coli on hematocrit values in experimentally infected mice. Serum bactericidal activity against both V. vulnificus and V. cholerae was higher than against V. parahemoltyicus. Survival of the test strains in heat-inactivated human serum was greater than that in heat-uninactiveted serum. Both V. parahemolyticus and V. cholerae produced slight hemoconcentration within 2 to 6 hr after intraperitoneal injection of $10^7$ viable bacteria into mice. In contrast, V. vulnificus, S. typhimurium and E. coli produced hemodilution rather than hemoconcentration after 4 or 6 hr after infection. With these results the author can conclude that V. vulnificus is more susceptible to serum bactericidal activity than other Vibrio species, and V. vulnificus did not produce hemoconcentration.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.133-139
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• 2005

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine serum antioxidant nutrients and the relationship between serum antioxidants and risks of chronic diseases in obese Korean children Methods: Normal weight Korean school children (0=170), mean age of 11.5$\pm$1.5, and obese (body fat mass > $28\%$) children (0=176), mean age of 11.0$\pm$1.8, were recruited Fat mass ($\%$) was determnined by Bioelectrical Impedance (BEI), and body mass index (BMI) was calculated Fasting blood was collected to measure serum antioxidant nutrients, vitamin A, vitamin E and zinc. Serum lipid profiles including total cholesterol (TC), high density cholesterol (HDL) and triglyceride (TG), and blood glucose, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPI) were also determined. Differences in serum blood measurements between obese and normal children were assessed by independent t test. Pearson's correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between variables. Results: Blood glucose, GPT, total cholesterol, and triglycerides concentrations were significantly higher among obese boys, compared to normal boys (p<005). Significantly lower concentrations of serum vitamin E, after adjustment for TG and TC, was shown in obese boys (0.26 mg/mg) and obese girls (0.31 mg/mg), compared to normal boys (0.36 mg/mg) and girls (0.38 mg/mg) (p<0.05). Fat mass ($\%$) was negatively con-elated with serum vitamin A and vitamin E. Conclusion: Obese Korean children showed insufficient serum vitamin E concentration and increased risk for diabetes, atherosclerosis, and liver disease. Since lower vitamin E concentration was negatively con-elated with atherogenic index, improved vitamin E status in children may decrease the risk of atherosclerosis later in life.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.237-246
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• 2013

Purpose: A few Korean studies have reported that low urine acidity and hyperuricemia are related to metabolic syndrome. Therefore, we evaluated the relationships between urine pH, serum Uric Acid (UA), and metabolic risk factors in university students. Methods: Data were obtained from student health examinations in one university. Participants were 3,412 male and 4,214 female students. Descriptive statistics, t-test, logistic regressions and multiple logistic regression using SPSS version 18.0 were performed. Results: No significant relationship was found between metabolic risk factors and urine pH. From the univariate analysis, serum UA was significantly higher in obese ($BMI{\geq}25$), elevated blood pressure ($SBP{\geq}130$ and $DBP{\geq}85$), and higher triglyceride (${\geq}150$) groups for males and in obese, higher triglyceride and fasting blood sugar (${\geq}100$), and lower HDL-cholesterol (<50) groups for females. From the results of multivariate analysis, age, BMI, and triglyceride were significantly related to serum UA in males, BMI and HDL-cholesterol were significantly related to serum UA in females. Conclusion: Although there was no significant relationship between urinary pH and metabolic risk factors, significant associations between some of the metabolic risk factors and serum UA were found in the young adult population. Further studies are required to know the exact pathway between serum UA and metabolic syndrome.

• Interdisciplinary Bio Central
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.4.1-4.4
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• 2012

Background: Serum concentration of cystatin C, a marker of glomerular filtration has been associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of this study was to evaluate cystatin C as a marker of obese patients without chronic kidney disease (CKD). Materials and Methods: The study population consisted of 36 subjects with metabolic syndrome and 32 subjects free of metabolic syndrome (the control group). HDL-C, LDL-C, blood urea, triglycerides, glucose, HbA1c, serum cystatin C and serum creatinine were measured in both groups. GFR was calculated in both groups using Cockroft-Gault equation. Results: Obese patients showed higher cystatin C levels than normal samples ($1.28{\pm}0.29$, P < 0.05). In the binary logistic regression, obese patients were significantly associated with elevated cystatin C levels. Conclusion: Our results suggest that cystatin C may be a marker for obese patients and may identify a certain degree of renal dysfunction even when serum creatinine does not exceed the normal level. In this study, we demonstrated that serum creatinineand GFR did not differ significantly between the diabetic and the control groups. Serum concentration of cystatin C was significantly higher in the diabetic group compared with the control group. The strengths of this study are the evaluation of reliability and sensivity in comparison with a 'routine test of GFR'. The methodology used allows an appropriate statistical comparison of reliability in contrast to most other previous evaluations of GFR.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.63-73
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• 1997

This study was performed to assess the effect of one year's of meal service for home-staying urban elderly with low incole on their nutritional status. One hundred and eighty three subjects, who had already completed the first nutritional survey, were assigned to two group : meal served(served) and non-meal served(non-served). A meal containing approximately on half of the RDA for energy, protein, calcium and iron was served as lunch everyday to served group. After on year of meal service, follow-up-nutritional survey was done and changes of parameters were analyzed with paired t-test. Served female showed signficantly increased intake of riboflavin and calcium, while non-served female showed significantly decreased intake of calcium. Serum total protein, serum albumin and serum cholesterol were significantly increased in female regardless of meal service. Served remale was observed with significantly elevated LDL-cholesterol, whereas non-served female showed singnificantly lowered HDL-cholesterol. Significantly decreased serum iron, serum transferrin saturaion and significantly increased TIBC were observed for female regardless of meal service. But the proportion of anemic elderly according to Hb or serum iron was decreased more in served group. Female showed significantly increased serum zinc and copper regardless of meal service, whereas only served male showed significantly increased serum copper.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.59-65
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• 1983

To investigate the effects of placental serum to in vitro culture of the normal human lymphocytes the peripheral blood lymphocytes were isolated by ficoll-hypaque separation method in 20 healthy human adults. The blast transformation respone of lymphocytes to mitogens were observed by stimulation with PHA($25{\mu}g/ml$) and Con A($25{\mu}g/ml$) using RPMI 1640 media containing 20% placental serum(PS), tetal calf serum(FCS), or humans AB serum(AB). And one-way mixed lymphocyte culture test was performed between these unrelated person compounded into stimulators and responders to investigate the effect of placental serum. The following results were obtained. 1. In 20 experimental cases, these were no significant diffenence between FCS, AB, and PS in untreated control cultures. 2. In PHA-treated cultures, whereas the blast transformation rate of the FCS groups and AB groups were $40.8{\pm}4.3%$ and $44.6{\pm}4.3%$ respectively, that of PS groups were $21.7{\pm}3.4%$, Similar results were obtained in Con A-meated cultures. Therefore, placental serum inhibited the mitogenic response of lymphocytes significantly. 3. In MLC tests, stimulation index of the FCS groups and AB groups were $18.5{\pm}3.5$ and $20.1{\pm}3.3$ respectively. But placental serum inhibited MLC response of lymphocytes significantly($7.4{\pm}1.9$).

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.26 no.9
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• pp.1118-1128
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• 1993

This study was undertaken to investigate the acute effect of caffeine consumption on the change of mineral concentration in serum and urinary mineral excretion in healthy young females. On two separate mornings at one week intervals, each subject drank a coffee which contained no caffeine and 3mg/kg body weight caffeine. To obviate dietary effects on mineral concentration in serum and urine, each subject fasted at least ten hours before consuming the test beverage. At one, two, three and four hours, serum and urine production collected seperately for measurement of sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium concentration. The results were as following : 1) Mean age of subjects was 20.6$\pm$0.32, Mean body mass index of subjects was 21.64$\pm$0.89, which was within $\pm$10% of ideal body weight. 2) Total urine volume of caffein groups for 4 hour after caffeine consumption was higher than that of decaffeine one, but urine pH was unchanged after caffeine consumption. Total urinary four hour excretion of creatinine was not affected by caffeine consumption and creatinine clearance also was not different from the control value. 3) In serum, mean three hour content of sodium(p<0.01) and phosphorus was higher in the subject given the caffeine. Mean serum magnesium and calcium contents were lower in caffeine group than that of decaffeine one. Mean serum magnesium content for three hour after caffeine ingestion was affected by caffeine consumption(p<0.001). Mean serum content of potassium was unaffected by caffeine consumption. 4) Total urinary four hour excretion of sodium, increased significantly after caffeine consumption(p<0.05), while total urinary four hour excretion of potassium, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium was unchanged after caffeine intake. Urinary excretion of Na, Ca, P and Mg was greatest at one hour after caffeine consumption, especially urinary sodium and potassium excretion was significantly high(p<0.05, p<0.01). The above results show that only 3mg caffeine per kg body weight increase the urinary macro mineral excretion in healthy young females.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.53-62
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• 2023

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships of serum folate (vitamin B9), cobalamin (vitamin B12) levels and diet with semen parameters (semen standard parameters [SSP] and DNA fragmentation index [DFI]) in infertile men. Methods: Sperm samples were assessed for SSP and DFI (using the sperm chromatin dispersion test). Serum vitamin concentrations were measured with an immuno-electrochemiluminescence assay, and men completed a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Results: Serum folate levels were positively correlated with sperm progressive motility and DFI. A comparison of SSP between two groups of patients according to serum folate concentration (B9 <4.840 ng/mL and B9 ≥4.840 ng/mL) showed significantly higher sperm concentration and sperm progressive motility in the latter group. However, there was no difference between these groups regarding DFI. Interestingly, serum folate levels were significantly higher in patients with a high DFI (using the cut-offs of 30% or 18%). FFQ data showed that the consumption of fruits and egg yolk correlated positively with sperm concentration and sperm motility, respectively. Conclusion: Serum folate levels showed significant associations with sperm concentration and sperm progressive motility. However, the positive association of serum folate with DFI raises the need for careful prescription of folate supplements.