• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.80-86
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• 1994

The bioavailability of digoxin generic tablets manufactures in Korea (formulations A & B) wwere compared to a standard (formulation C; Lanoxin brand digoxin, Burroughs Wellcome, USA) in 12 healthy Korean male volunteers (mean age 31.4 years) in a single dose, randomized, complete block crossover study. Using a latin square design, each of the subjects was randomized to the order number and allocated to each of the three treatments of 0.5mg oral digoxin. Digoxin conc4ntrations in serum and urine samples collected for 48 hours after dosing were measured by fluoprescence polarization immunoassy and radioimmunoassy, respectively. Treatments were compared by using nonlinear least squares regession analysis to evaluate the following pharmacokinetic parameters : maximum serum concentation $(C_{max})$; time of maximum serum concentation $(T_{max})$; area under the serum concentration-time curve $AUC_{0-12}$, $C_{max}$\;and\;(AUC_{0-12})$; and cummulative urinary excretion for 0-48 hours $(CLE_{0-48}.\;Mean\;AUC_{0-12},\;C_{max},\;and\;CUE_{0-48}$ values for formulations B and C were significantly different from formulation A (P<0.001), but not significantly diffeerent form each other. Basede on $AUL_{0-12}\;and\;CUE_{0-48}$ respectively, the relative availability of formulation B was 87.5% and 89.6% and the relative availability of formultation A was 43% and 35% when compared to formulation C(the standard).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.568-578
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• 2020

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate effects of supplementation of culture media from solid-state fermented Isaria cicadae (I. cicadae) on performance, serum biochemical parameters, serum immune indexes, antioxidant capacity and meat quality of broiler chickens. Methods: A total of 648 Arbor Acres male broiler chickens(1 d; average body weight, 42.93±0.47 g) were randomly assigned to 6 treatments, each with six replicates and 18 broiler chickens per replicate. Broiler chickens were fed phase I (d 1 to 21) and phase II (d 22 to 42) diets. The phase I diets were corn and soybean-meal based diets supplemented with 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, or 10% culture media from solid-state fermented I. cicadae respectively. The phase II diets were corn and soybean-meal based diets supplemented with 0%, 1.33%, 2.67%, 4.00%, 5.32%, or 6.67% culture media from solid-state fermented I. cicadae respectively. Results: In phase I, the broiler chickens with the supplementation of culture media had increased body weight gain and feed intake (linear and quadratic, p<0.05) with increasing inclusion of culture media. The levels of serum total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased linearly (p<0.05). In phase II, levels of serum T-AOC and interleukin-1β increased linearly (p<0.05), and GSH increased (p<0.05). In the kidney, GSH and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) concentrations increased (linear and quadratic, p<0.05) and SOD concentration increased linearly (p<0.05). Compared to the control, shear force and drip loss of breast muscle decreased (linear and quadratic, p<0.05). Drip loss of leg muscle decreased linearly and quadratically (p<0.05). Conclusion: Dietary supplementation of culture media from solid-state fermented I.cicadae which was enriched in both wheat and residual bioactive components of I. cicadae enhanced the growth performance of broiler chickens. It also improved body anti-oxidative status and contributed to improve broiler meat quality.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.491-494
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• 2008

Purpose: When deciding a treatment plan in diabetic foot ulcer patients, predicting a possibility of healing wounds is important since not a few patients have poor general condition to get successful wound healing. This study was planned to find out if a serum collagen level can be used as a predictor for healing wounds in diabetic foot patients. Methods: Fifty-seven patients, who visited our clinic from January to June, 2007 for treatment of diabetic foot ulcers, were included in this study. Serum levels of type I collagen were checked using carboxy terminal type I propeptide kits. Simultaneously serum levels of vitamin C and iron, cofactors of collagen synthesis, were checked. The patients were divided into two groups; a group of successfully healed wounds and the other of unhealed wounds. Serum levels of the parameters were compared between the 2 groups. Results: The serum level of collagen was $197.65{\pm}86.26ng/ml$ in a healed group and $87.91{\pm}28.76ng/ml$ in the unhealed group(p<0.05). The serum iron and vitamin C levels were did not show significant differences. Conclusion: The serum collagen level may predict healing or nonhealing wounds in diabetic foot ulcers.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.61 no.4
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• pp.411-416
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• 2018

Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is one of the most heavily used organophosphate pesticides and is useful as an insecticide drug. However, CPF also causes toxic effects in nontarget organisms, including humans and animals. Jageum-Jung (JGJ) is a traditional oriental medicine, composed of five specific herbs with antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties, used for detoxification. In the present study, highly concentrated CPF was orally administrated to male Institute of Cancer Research mice to produce acute toxicity, and the protective effects of JGJ administration were investigated through statistical analysis of changes in body and organ weights and serum biochemical parameters. JGJ caused body and organ weights to recover and reduced the levels of serum biochemical parameters indicative of liver damage, such as glutamic oxalate transaminase, glutamic pyruvate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, lactic dehydrogenase, urea, glucose, total cholesterol, and triglyceride, that had been increased by CPF treatment. Our results demonstrated that JGJ ameliorates the effects of acute chlorpyrifos-induced toxicity. Therefore, JGJ has the potential to be used as a traditional medicine to alleviate insecticide toxicity.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.293-300
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• 2005

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of bisphenol A (BPA; 4,4' -isopropylidenediphenol) on haematological parameters of Korean rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli in laboratory condition, Fish were randomly distributed into three treatment groups which were received of 0.1, 1 and 10 mg BPA $kg^{-1}$ body weight. They were injected four times intraperitoneally at days 0,3,7 and 12 with BPA. Control group was subjected to the same regime using an equal volume of 60% ethanol-mixed PBS carrier injection only. Fish from each group were sacrificed on day 15 after first injection for haematological assay. Observations on haematological parameters indicated BPA-treatment induced lower level of red blood cell counts and hemoglobin concentration. Serum chloride, calcium, glucose, bilirubin and blood urea nitrogen concentrations increased following exposure to BPA at 10 mg $kg^{-1}$ body weight. In contrast, serum cholesterol in fish exposed to BPA decreased. Serum transaminase and lactate dehydrogenase activities after the highest level of 10 mg $kg^{-1}$ PBA was significantly increased. These results demonstrate that BPA have induced adverse impact on haematological parameters in the Korean rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.145-155
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• 2006

This study investigated the correlation of the nutritional status of antioxidant vitamins and serum lipids and MDA levels in postmenopausal women. Data about general characteristics, dietary intakes and biochemical parameters, including serum lipids, MDA and antioxidant vitamins levels, were collected from 85 postmenopausal women. The subjects were classified into three groups according to their serum total cholesterol level: normocholesterolemia group (NC, < 200 mg/dL), moderate hypercholesterolemia group (MC, $200{\sim}239mg/dL$) and hypercholesterolemia group(HC, ${\geq}240mg/dL$). The results are as follows. 1) General characteristics and serum MDA levels were not significantly different among the three groups. 2) Daily nutrients intakes adjusted to energy intake were not significantly different among the three groups, and were compatible with dietary reference intakes (DRIs) for Koreans. 3) Dietary Vt. A, ${\beta}-carotene$, Vt. C and Vt. E intake were not significantly different among the groups, while Vt. E intake was positively related with serum TC (r=0.288, p<0.05) and triglyceride (r=0.341, p<0.001) levels. 4) Serum Vt. A level standardized by serum TC level was significantly low and serum Vt. E level was significantly high in the HC group. Serum Vt. E level was positively related with serum TC level (r=0.389, p<0.001). 5) Dietary Vt. E intake was negatively correlated to serum MDA level (r=-0.242 p<0.05). Serum Vt. C and Vt. E levels were also negatively correlated to serum MDA level (r=-0.312, p<0.001 and r=-0.299, p<0.05). When the correlation was analyzed only in the group with hypercholesterolemia, correlation coefficients between the antioxidant vitamin and serum MDA level were higher. We concluded that intakes of antioxidant vitamins can contribute to decreasing the risk of cardiovascular disease by decreasing the oxidative stress of body rather than by controlling serum lipid levels.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.116-121
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• 2018

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare serum fetuin-A levels and oxidative stress markers, as indicators of insulin resistance, in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and in healthy controls. Methods: This prospective case-control study included 46 patients with PCOS and 48 age- and body mass index-matched control women. Levels of serum hormones, fetuin-A, and oxidative stress markers were measured in blood samples taken during the early follicular period from each participant. Results: Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinising hormone (LH), total testosterone levels, and the LH/FSH ratio were found to be significantly higher in women with PCOS than in controls. Serum total antioxidant status, total oxidant status, and oxidative stress index parameters all indicated significantly higher levels of oxidative stress in PCOS patients than in controls. Serum fetuin-A levels, which were analyzed as an indicator of insulin resistance, were higher in the PCOS group than in the control group ($210.26{\pm}65.06{\mu}g/mL$ and $182.68{\pm}51.20{\mu}g/mL$, respectively; p= 0.024). Conclusion: The data obtained from the present study suggest that higher levels of both serum fetuin-A and oxidative stress markers might be related with PCOS.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.247-259
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• 2022

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of age and diet forms on growth-development patterns, serum metabolism indicators, and parameters of body fat deposition in Cherry Valley ducks. Methods: According to the hatching age and initial weight, a total of 150 1-day-old male SM3 Cherry Valley ducks were randomly assigned to two diet forms (pellet vs powder form). Each treatment had with 5 replicates per treatment and 15 meat ducks per replicate. The study lasted 42 d, which was divided into two periods (1 to 21 vs 22 to 42 d). Results: Our results showed that compared with powder group, ducks in pellet group had greater growth performance during different period (p<0.05). The inflection point was 24 d and was not numerically affected by diet forms. Increasing age (42 vs 21 d) significantly increased the weight of body fat and hepatic fat metabolism related enzyme activities in ducks (p<0.05), meanwhile, increasing age (42 vs 21 d) improved serum metabolism indicators and decreased mRNA expression levels of fat metabolism-related genes in liver (p<0.05). Ducks fed different diets (pellet vs powder form) increased growth performance as well as the weight of body fat and improved serum metabolism indicators (p<0.05). In addition, interactions were found between age and diet forms on the levels of serum metabolism indicators in ducks (p<0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, powder feed reduced growth performance of ducks, and the day of inflection point was 24 days old. Ducks with higher age or fed with pellet diet showed higher fat deposition. The effect of age and feed forms on body fat deposition might result from changes in the contents of serum metabolism indicators, key enzyme activity of lipid production, and hepatic gene expressions.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.59-61
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• 1982

To evaluate the diagnostic value of the ratio of serum tyroxine$(T_4)$/thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) for the thyroid status in pregnancy and newborn serum thyroxine, TBG, triiodothyronine, and free thyroxine levels were radioimmunoassayed in normal pregnant women at each of the trimesters, and the calculated serum $T_4/TBG$ ratios were compared with other parameters such as $T_3/TBG$ ratio and free $T_4/TBG$ ratio and free $T_4/TBG$ ratio. Serum $T_4$ levels were elevated with the propotionate increase in TBG levels during pregnancy, leading to the nearly constant value of serum $T_4/TBG$ ratios as in normal non-pregnant controls. In contrast, serum $T_3/TBG$ and free $T_4/TBG$ ratios varied considerably during pregnancy. In newborn, $T_4$ levels were nearly not changed with compared non-pregnant control value and TBG levels were elevated. The results indicate that serum $T_4/TBG$ ratio is a better parameter than others in evaluating the thyroid status during pregnancy and but newborn is a no better.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.27 no.9
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• pp.978-983
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• 2004

The effects of glycyrrhizic acid (GLZ) on protein binding of diltiazem, verapamil, and nifedipine were investigated. Protein binding studies (human serum, human serum albumin (HSA) and (X1-acid glycoprotein (AAG)) were conducted using the equilibrium dialysis method with and without addition of GLZ. The binding parameters, such as the number of moles of bound drug per mole of protein, the number of binding sites per protein molecule, and the association con-stant, were estimated using the Scatchard plot. The serum binding of nifedipine, verapamil, and diltiazem was displaced with addition of GLZ, and the decreases of Ks for serum were observed. GLZ decreased the association constants of three drugs for HSA and AAG, while the binding capacity remained similar with addition of GLZ. Although the characteristics of interaction were not clear, GLZ seemed to mainly affect HSA binding of nifedipine rather than AAG binding, while GLZ seemed to affect both AAG- and HSA-bindings of verapamil and dilt-iazem resulting in a serum binding displacement.