• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.62-69
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• 1999

The present study was aimed at investigating whether there are sex-related differences in serum levels of lipids, retinol , $\alpha$-tocopherol and ascorbic acid in Korean adults. Serum levels of antioxidant vitamins and lipids were determined algon with anthropometric measurements in 53 healthy male subjects with mean age 42.7$\pm$12.2 years and 44 female subjects with mean age 46.7$\pm$10.3 years. from Taegu in Korea. BMI and W/H ration of the men were 22.66$\pm$2.47, 0.88$\pm$0.04 and those fo thewomen were 23.36$\pm$3.44, 0.84$\pm$0.05 respectively. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were 121.67$\pm$14.8, 79.3$\pm$12.4 in the men and 123.1 $\pm$17.5 , 78.8$\pm$10.9 in the women respectively. Average serum levels of total cholesterol, LDL-and HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride were 165.8$\pm$36.4, 102.6$\pm$31.2, 41.1$\pm$10.5 and 110.2$\pm$57.8mg/dl in the and 169.1$\pm$39.1, 113.7$\pm$36.2, 38.1 $\pm$8.6, and 85.2$\pm$37.7mg/dl in the women respectively. Thirteen percent of menans thirtyeight percent of women had LDL-cholesterol over 130mg/dl. Serum levels of retinol, $\alpha$tocopherol, ad ascorbic acid were 43.25 $\pm$15.51, 17.93$\pm$7.07, 115.24$\pm$63.25ug/dl in the men and 31.80$\pm$15.39, 17.41$\pm$6.12, an d144.99$\pm$89.87ug/dl in the women respectively. Serum vitamin E showed positive correlations with total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.11
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• pp.1556-1561
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate antioxidant enzyme activity and vitamin E concentrationin in Sprague-Dawley rat after being fed various extracts of Hizikia fusiforme. There were six experimental groups: control group (C), H. fusiforme ethanol extract group (EtOH), H. fusiforme dichloromethane fraction group ($CH_2Cl_2$), H. fusiforme ethylacetate fraction group (EtOAc), H. fusiforme butanol fraction group (n-BuOH), H. fusiforme water fraction group ($H_2O$). H. fusiforme extracts (400 mg/kg B.W) were orally administrated to the rats every day for 4 weeks. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) and vitamin E in the liver and blood were measured. The activity of SOD in the liver was significantly higher in the $CH_2Cl_2$ and $H_2O$ groups (p<0.05) than in the control and other extract groups. The SOD activity in serum increased significantly in all H. fusiforme groups (p<0.05) compared to the control group and it was also significantly higher in the EtOH and $H_2O$ groups (p<0.05) than in other extract groups. The serum catalase activity increased significantly in the n-BuOH group (p<0.05) compared to the control and other extract groups. The plasma MDA concentration decreased significantly in the n-BuOH and $H_2O$ group (p<0.05) compared to the control group. Serum concentration of ${\alpha}$-tocopherol showed no significant differences in most of the experimental groups, but it was significantly higher in the EtOAc group (p<0.05). The ${\alpha}$-tocopherol concentrations in the liver showed a significant increase in the $CH_2Cl_2$ and $H_2O$ groups (p<0.05) compared to the control and other extract groups. The liver ${\gamma}$-tocopherol concentrations in H. fusiforme extract groups showed a tendency to increase compared to the control group and it was significantly higher in the $H_2O$ group (p<0.05) than in other extract groups. These results suggest that supplementation of water extracts of H. fusiforme extract could be effective in improving the antioxidant system.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.63 no.5
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• pp.1034-1063
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• 2021

The experiment was designed as a 3 × 3 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments, including (i) pomegranate peel (zero, 4%, and 8 percent), (ii) oxidized soybean oil (zero, 2%, and 4 percent), and (iii) alpha-tocopherol (zero and 200 mg/kg). Supplementation of 8% pomegranate peel in diets significantly decreased the growth performance of broiler chickens. The supplementation of 4% oxidized oil in diets significantly reduced body weight gain and Feed intake whole experimental period (p < 0.05). The results showed that supplementation of 4% pomegranate peel in the diet was associated with low aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase, and malondialdehyde (MDA). However, 4% pomegranate peel increased the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities. The supplemental 4% oxidized oil increased the serum AST, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and MDA concentrations. TAC, SOD, and Catalase (CAT) activities were affected by 4% oxidized oil and alpha-tocopherol. The use of oxidized oil and vitamin E decreased MDA concentration. The serum glucose and globulin concentrations were significantly lower in the 8% pomegranate peel. The results showed that supplementation with 4% pomegranate peel in diets reduced serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL). The inclusion of 4% oxidized oil in diets reduced serum glucose and increased the blood lipid concentration such as triglyceride, cholesterol and LDL. Vitamin E supplementation reduced the serum cholesterol and LDL concentrations. The use of 8% pomegranate peel reduced red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin, and packed cell value (PCV). The results indicated that supplementation with 8% pomegranate peel and 4% oxidized oil in diets decreased the immunoglobulin concentration in broilers. In addition, it was found that the inclusion of 4% pomegranate peel in diets resulted in higher IgG, IgM and total immunoglobulin. Pomegranate peel supplementation significantly decreased meat MDA concentration. Supplementation of 4% oxidized oil increased MDA of meat (p < 0.05). Vitamin E supplementation (200 mg/kg) significantly decreased MDA of meat (p < 0.05). Consequently, the results of this experiment showed that supplementation with 4% pomegranate peel had beneficial effects on broiler chickens. It was also found that feeding 2% oxidized oil in diets had no adverse effect on broilers.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.674-682
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• 2014

Four experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of fat-soluble vitamin administration to sows or newborn pigs on plasma vitamin status. In Exp. 1 and 2, a total of 24 and 43 newborn pigs were allotted to control and vitamin treatments (vitamin $D_3$ with variable addition of vitamins A and E) orally or by i.m. injection. In Exp. 3, pigs from Exp. 2 were allotted to 2 treatments (${\alpha}$vitamins $D_3$ and E in drinking water) for 14 d postweaning. In Exp. 4, twenty-four gestating sows were used for 2 treatments (${\pm}injection$ of a vitamin $D_3$/A/E product 2 wk prepartum). In Exp. 1 and 2, when vitamin $D_3$ was administrated orally or by i.m. injection on d 1 of age, pigs had increased plasma 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OH $D_3$) concentration 10 d after administration compared with control pigs (p<0.05). The injectable administration with vitamin $D_3$ and E was able to achieve higher plasma 25-OH $D_3$ (p<0.05) and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol (p<0.05) concentrations than oral administration. At weaning, the pigs in the injection group had higher plasma 25-OH $D_3$ concentration than those in the other groups in both studies (p<0.05). In Exp. 3, water supplementation of vitamin $D_3$ and E postweaning increased plasma 25-OH $D_3$ and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol concentrations at d 14 postweaning (p<0.01). In Exp. 4, when sows were injected with the vitamin $D_3$ product prepartum, serum 25-OH $D_3$ concentrations of sows at farrowing (p<0.01), and in their progeny at birth (p<0.01) and weaning (p<0.05) were increased. These results demonstrated that fat-soluble vitamin administration to newborn pigs increased plasma 25-OH $D_3$ concentration regardless of administration routes and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol concentration by the injectable route, and that water supplementation of vitamin $D_3$ and E to nursery pigs increased plasma 25-OH $D_3$ and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol concentrations. Additionally, injecting sows with vitamin $D_3$ prepartum increased 25-OH $D_3$ in sows and their offspring. If continued research demonstrates that the serum levels of 25-OH $D_3$ are critical in weanling pigs, a variety of means to increase those levels are available to swine producers.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.147-156
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• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary resveratrol on growth performance, blood biochemical parameters, immunoglobulin, and blood antioxidant activity in broiler chicks. Three hundred twenty one-day old broiler chicks were divided 8 treatments (C(-), basal diet; C(+), basal diet with antibiotics; DL-${\alpha}$-tocopherol 20 IU; DL-${\alpha}$-tocopherol 200 IU; resveratrol 20 ppm; resveratrol 200 ppm; methylated resveratrol 20 ppm; methylated resveratrol 200 ppm) with 4 replicates and 10 birds per replicate. Birds were reared for 35 days, and, at the age of 35 days, eight birds of average weight from each replicate were selected for blood samples collection. There were no significant differences on feed intake and feed conversion ratio. But final body weight and weight gain in antibiotics, resveratrol and methylated resveratrol treatments were significantly higher than no-antibiotics and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol treatments (P<0.05). There were no significant differences on carcass rate and relative organ weights among treatments, however, weights of liver and bursa of februcius in antibiotics, resveratrol and methylated resveratrol treatment were lower than other treatments. Weight of pancreas was high in resveratrol and methylated treatment. On the cecal microflora (total microbes, Coliform bacteria, Salmonella spp., and lactic acid bacteria), these in resveratrol and methylated resveratrol treatments didn't show the differences compared with those in no-antibiotics, antibiotics, and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol treatments. In the serum, there were no significant differences on creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), total protein, albumin, globulin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) among treatments, though globulin contents of reseveratrol 200 ppm and methylated resveratrol 20 ppm treatments decreased compared to those of other treatments. Immunoglobulin (IgA, IgG and IgM) were significantly decreased in antibiotics and resveratrol treatments compared to that of no-antibiotics and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol treatments (P<0.05). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) like activity tended to increase in resveratrol groups (P<0.05), however, there was no significant difference on malondiakdehyde (MDA) content among treatments. In conclusion, these results showed that resveratrol derived from mulberry can be used as alternative of antibiotics through improvement of broiler's performance and maintain of health.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.85-91
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• 1998

To investigate the effects of antioxidative vitamins in combination with various fatty acids on breast cancer cell proliferation, MDA-MB231 human breast cancer cells were cultured for 3 days in the serum-free Iscove's modified Dulbecco's medium (IMDM) supplemented with 1.25mg/ml delipidized bovine serum albumin and 10㎍/ml insulin. Alpha-tocopherol, ascorbic acid or both vitamins were added to the medium at the concentrations of 10 and 50μM in the presence of 3μg/ml of oletic(Oa), linoleic(LA) α-linoleinic(LNA) and docosahexaenoic acid(DHA). Cell growth was reduced significantly by α-tocopherol in a dose-dependent manner, but not affected by ascorbic aicd. The four different fatty acids did not have significant effects on cell growth, although DHA exerted inhibitory effect on the growth after 1 day. However, the each fatty acid was well incorporated into celluar lipid as such or elongated forms. Addition of α-tocopherol remarkably increased its celluar contents and reduced cellular levels of thiobarbituric acid substances (TBARS) that were elevated notably in the presence of DHA in the culture media. But ascorbic acid addition did not change much of either cellular α-tocopherol or TBARS contents. northern blot hybridization showed that tumor supressor gene ρ53 was most highly expressed by the combination of ρ-tocopherol and DHA in 8 hours of cell culture. In conclusion , the growth inhibitory effect of vitamin E suggests that breast cancer cell proliferation is reduced by the mechanism other than cytotoxicity of lipid peroxide and it is related to expressionof tumor supprosser gene p53, that can be increased by both vitamin E and n-3 fatty acid, DHA.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.81-86
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• 2002

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of vitamin A or $\beta$-carotene on oxidative damage induced by acute ethanol administration. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed on the experimental diets supplemented with retinyl acetate (2.86 mg/kg diet) or $\beta$-carotene (15.2 mg/kg diet) for 5 weeks. After fed the diet, rats were administered 20% ethanol solution (3g/kg B.W.) acutely. Lipid peroxide values in hepatic tissue, hepatic antioxidative enzyme activities and contents of antioxidative nutrient such as vitamins A and E in serum and hepatic tissue were measured. Hepatic level of malondialdehyde decreased in $\beta$-carotene group compared to the control group. However, there was no significant difference between retinal acetate and $\beta$-carotene groups. Superoxide dismutase activity was higher in retinal acetate group than in the control group. Hepatic glutathione-S-transferase activity of retinal acetate and $\beta$-carotene groups significantly decreased as compared with that of control group. The hepatic content of retinol increased in retinal acetate and $\beta$-carotene groups, especially, in retinyl acetate group. But there was no significant difference in serum content of retinol among the groups. Hepatic content of $\alpha$-tocopherol was significantly increased in retinyl acetate and $\beta$-carotene groups. In conclusion, acute ethanol administration might induce lipid peroxidation, and the dietary supplementation of retinyl acetate or $\beta$-carotene improve partly the antioxidative system through activation of superoxide dismutase and retention of hepatic $\alpha$-tocopherol in ethanol-treated rats.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.168-177
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• 1998

It has been reported that cigarette smoking increases free radical generation, which can also increase lipid peroxides and deplete antioxidants. The purpose of this study was to determine whether cigarette smoking and other lifestyle choices may affect serum lipid peroxide concentrations, serum antioxidant concentrations such as tocopherol and vitamin C, and serum antioxidant enzyme activity such as glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase. Dietary intakes were assessed by 24-hour recall and survey questionnaires from 48 male non-smokers and 52 male smokers. Overnight fasting blood was collected and measured for individual antioxidant status. The daily vitamin C intakes of smokers tended to be lower than those of non-smokers, and the intakes of both groups were under the Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA). Vitamin E intake was sufficient for smokers and non-smokers. Serum lipid peroxide concentrations were no difference among all subjects. The serum $\alpha$-tocopherol concentrations of all subjects were in a normal range, and they were highest in mild smokers (p<0.05). Mean serum vitamin C levels were lowest in heavy smokers (p<0.05). The activities of serum glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase were not significantly different in smokes and non-smokers. In conclusion, smoking did not increase oxidative stress in heathy young men. However, it is desirable for heavy smokers to consume more vitamin C than the RDA sine their serum vitamin C concentrations are relatively low.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.83-89
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• 1987

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of repeated blood collection on the amount of vitamin E in serum and liver of the rats fed standard diet. Rats (Sprague Dawley strain) were fed standard were fed standard diet for several weeks. Blood was collected with on improved cardiac puncture method at regular intervals . The amount of vitamin E analogs were measured by the HPLC. 1) The growth curve of all groups was normal, but bodyweight gains of group II were significantly decreased in case of 7 week- rats whose blood was collected at intervals of two weeks. 2) The amount of vitamin E analogs in serum of rats during growth increased, but continuos blood collection could not affect on the amount of vitamin E in serum. Especially, in the group I serum vitamin E equivalent were significantly higher in case of 7 weeks than first week. 3) The amount of liver vitamin E analogs were changed irregularly, and especially, $\alpha$-Tocopherol equivalent were significantly higher in group II then other groups.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.199-204
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• 1999

This study has attempted to examine the effect of Artemisia iwayomogi extract on antioxidant and liver function related enzymes in rats fed high fat diet along with B( )P administration. The activities of the serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvate transaminase and alkaline phosphatase of the rats fed Artemisia iwayomogi ethanol extract were decreased compared to the control. Similarily, the activities of the enzymes were also decreased when the combination of B( )P and ethanol extracts were administered compared to the group adminstered only B( )P. On the other hand, high fat diet increased the above liver function related enzymes. The activities of antioxidant enzymes including GST, catalase and Cu,Zn SOD were significantly increased by feeding the extracts (p<0.01) in addition to the increase of tocopherol contents in the serum. These results suggest that Artemisia iwayomogi extracts can protect cell membranes from the damages by free radicals or hydroperoxides and further may lead to the protection from cancer risks.