• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.23-36
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• 1993

To investigate the cycle and relative frequences and the fine structure of seminiferous epithelia in mature Jindo dogs, histologic study was performed. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. Type A spermatogonia appeared approximately 1.6 times as many at stage II as compared to stage I while type In spermatogonia appeared small amount in stage III, IV and V. type B spermatogonia were found during the stage VI to VIII, though not detectable during stage I to V. The type B spermatogonia divided at stage VII to produce the preleptotene primary spermatocytes at stage VIII. The number of primary spermatocytes of the leptotene phase markedly increased during stage I to II, and the primary spermatocytes of the pachytene phase were shown the least in number at stage IV. The secondary spermatocytes could be seen only at stage IV. 2. The relative frequencies of each stage from stages I to VIII of the cycle of seminiferous epithelia were 31.6, 11.9, 10.0, 3.2, 8.2, 10.1, 11.7 and 13.2% respectively. 3. On electron microscopic observations, acrosomal vesicle of spermatids appeared larger though the bulk of germ cells were the morphologically same as those of the other animal species. Thread line structures light microscopically observed in the cytoplasm of Sertoli cell were the longitudinal orientation of mitochondria.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.63-70
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• 2014

Plasminogen activators (PAs) are serine proteases that convert plasminogen to plasmin. Two type of PAs are urokinase-type PA (uPA) and tissue-type PA (tPA). Plasminogen is present in most extracellular fluids. PAs play in various reproductive processes including implantation, ovulation and fertilization. In the spermatozoa, PAs and PAIs play a role in sperm motility and fertilization. PAs in the sertoli cell are stimulated spermatozoa maturation and sperm activation through the phospholipase A2. The oocyte maturation is the process for fertilization and implantation. PAs in cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) are related to oocyte maturation by protein kinase A and C. In the ovulatory process, PAs activity are changed and it are related to reducing the tensile strength of ovarian follicle wall. The uterine environment is important for reproduction and the uterus undergo tissue remodeling. In the uterus and oviduct of mammals, expression and activity of PAs are changed during estrous cycle. Thus, expression and activity of PAs are concerned to many reproductive functions. Therefore, PAs seem to important factor of regulator in reproductive events.

• Journal of Korean Traditional Oncology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.49-56
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• 2022

Objective: This case report represented that Korean traditional medicine therapies can make effective results for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy(CIPN) patients. Methods: A 63-year-old female patient has been diagnosed with ovarian cancer(Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor). Total excision of uterus and appendages was operated, and Bleomycin, etoposide and cisplatin combination therapy was applied. After three cycles of chemotherapy, the severe side effects of neutropenia and CIPN occurred. Chemotherapy was terminated, but numbness and tingling pains in the limbs persisted for several months. We provided Korean medicine treatments including herbal medicine, pharmacopuncture, acupuncture, moxibustion and physiotherapies. Results: After treatments, the numbness and pain were reduced from 10 to 1 in hand and 6 to 0 on the numeric rating scale(NRS). Functional assessment of cancer therapy/Gynecologic oncology group neurotoxicity (FACT/GOG-NTX) score was improved from 58 to 97. Conclusion: According to these results, Korean medicine treatments could be considered effective for CIPN. Prospective studies are needed to confirm and expand these findings.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.163-171
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• 2024

In the last decade, melatonin has gained recognition as a potent scavenger and an effective antioxidant capable of neutralizing free radicals, including reactive oxygen species. Additionally, it exhibits anti-apoptotic properties. In this review, we will examine a compilation of articles that explore the cellular signaling function of melatonin on spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) and adjacent cells such as Sertoli and Leydig cells. These cells play a crucial role in the proliferation of SSCs both in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we analyze the function of melatonin in the proliferation of SSCs from other aspects. For this purpose, we examine the articles based on the presence of melatonin on SSCs in four groups: As a supplement in SSCs medium culture, SSCs three-dimensional culture system, SSCs freezing medium, and as a therapeutic factor in vivo. Mechanisms of growth and proliferation of SSCs were considered. The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential effects of melatonin as a powerful antioxidant or growth stimulant for SSCs, both in vivo and in vitro.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 2005

This study was carried out for development of effective preservation on animal genetic resources. Spermatogonia cells are the germline stem cells and they can be restored to adult animal with proliferation and differentiation intentionally. When the spermatogonia cells were purified from seminiferous tubules and were cultured at $32^{\circ}C$, the cells were actively proliferated. The culture medium consisted of TCM199 plus $10\%$ FCS and coculture with Sertoli cells supported cultivation of spermatogonia cells. By passing 40 days of incubation, spermatogonia cells formed the germline colony or shape of ES-like colony or reconstruction of pseudo-seminifcrous tubule shape. At 40 days, the cultured cells were no sign for differentiation to spermatocyte or spermatid. The experiment of induced differentiation of this cells is needed.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.119-130
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• 1989

본 연구는 생식주기중 폐쇄여포액내에서 생물학적， 면역학적 특성을 나타내는 GTH 의 변화를 조사하고 steroid hormone과의 상관관계를 조사하며 국부조절인자로서 의 GTH의 역 활을 조사하고자 하였다. 가임기간중 215개의 여포와 IVF과정에서 185개의 여포를 얻어 여포액내 GTH의 생물학적 또는 면역학적 활성을 측정하였다. Bioactive LH(bLH)는 생쥐의 Leydig cell-testosterone production assay, bFSH는 흰쥐의 Sertoli cell aromatase assay로 측정 하였 다. Immunological GTH(iLH , iFSH) 는 MaiaClone RIA , Delfia kits를 사용하였다. 여포액내 iLH, iFSH , ihCG 는 hyperstimulation에 의해 형성된 여포의 크기와는 무관하였다. 또 hMG, huFSH 의 처리와도 상관성이 없었다. T의 농도가 높은 여포액내의 iFSH는 현저히 낮았으며 E, P 가 고농도인 여포의 ihCG 양은 현저히 낮았다. 과배란이 유도된 난소의 여포액내 iLH는 LH specific RIA로 측정시 3mIU/ml 이하이었다. 생식주기중 여포액내 bLH, bFSH는 배란기에 현저히 증가 하였다. 혈청내 GTH B/I ratio는 엘정한 반면 여포액내 LH，FSH의 생물학적， 면역학적 활성은 미수정란을 가지거나 폐쇄된 여포내의 활성보다 현저하게 높았다. 위의 결과로 보아 여포액내 생식소자극호르온은 면역학적활성보다 높은 생물학적 활성을 가지며， 생리적 현상의 지표가 된다고 추론된다. 또한 steroid, bGTH는 여포의 선택， 폐쇄를 구분하는 지표로 사용가능하며， 여포가 폐쇄될때 여포액내 B/I ratio가 현저히 낮아지는 것으로 보아 GTH의 활성이 감소되는 것으로 판단된다.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Pathology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.97-106
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• 1997

This study was carried out to investigate the testicular toxicity of environmental toxicant, 2-bromopropane(2-BP) recently caused occupational intoxication in Korea by light microscopy and electron microscopy. To evaluate the effect on spermatogenesis and find target germ cell 10 weeks old male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with 5g/10m ℓ/kg/day of 2-bromopropane for 3 consecutive days orally and observed on day 1 or day 7 after treatment. 2-BP induced depletion of spermatogonia and early spermatocytes on stages I-IX or extensive degeneration of germ cells on the other stages on day 1. But extensive degeneration of germ cells without stage specificity was observed and round spermatid formed multinucleated giant cells in the lumen of seminiferous tubules on day 7. Electron microscopically Sertoli cells showed irregular shape of nucleus and cytoplasmic vauolation. And spermatocyte showed a extensive heterochromatin and cytoplasmic vacuolation. But there was no histopathological changes in the interstial cells. On the base of the results the target germ cell was spermatogonia in the early of the study but Srtoli cells also effected by high-dosed 2-BP in the late of the study.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.12
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• pp.1415-1424
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• 2015

ICI 182, 780 (ICI) has been used as an estrogen receptor inhibitor in several mammalian species. This study was conducted to observe histological changes in the reproductive system of pubescent male mice following ICI treatment, as well as to investigate the recovery of the organs over time. To accomplish this, ICI at 5 mg/0.1 ml of castor oil was subcutaneously injected into 5-week-old male mice once per week for 4 weeks. The mice were then randomly divided into no-recovery, 150-day recovery, and 300-day recovery groups. The testis of the no-recovery group showed atrophy of the seminiferous tubules, with decreased Sertoli cell numbers and thickness of the germinal epithelium. In the epididymis, the cell height of epithelial tissues was altered, but these changes were not observed in the 300-day recovery group. In the efferent ductule, the luminal diameter was increased, but the cell height of the epithelial tissues was decreased. In the prostate and seminal vesicles, the cell height of the epithelial tissues was increased, and these changes were not observed in the 150-day recovery group. These results show that ICI causes histological changes in pubescent male reproductive organs but that these changes are resolved with time.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.1347-1354
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• 2006

The aims of this study were to establish a simple and effective method for isolating male germline stem cells (GSCs), and to test the possibility of using these cells as a new approach for male infertility treatment. Testes obtained from neonatal and adult mice were manually decapsulated. GSCs were collected from seminiferous tubules by a two-step enzyme digestion method and plated on gelatin-coated dishes. Over 5-7 days of culture, GSCs obtained from neonates and adults gave rise to large multicellular colonies that were subsequently grown for 10 passages. During in vitro proliferation, oct-4 and two immunological markers (Integrin ${\beta}1,\;{\alpha}6$) for GSCs were highly expressed in the cell colonies. During another culture period of 6 weeks to differentiate to later stage germ cells, the expression of oct-4 mRNA decreased in GSCs and Sertoli cells encapsulated with calcium alginate, but the expression of c-kit and testis-specific histone protein 2B(TH2B) mRNA as well as the localization of c-kit protein was increased. Expression of transition protein (TP-l) and localization of peanut agglutinin were not seen until 3 weeks after culturing, and appeared by 6 weeks of culture. The putative spermatids derived from GSCs supported embryonic development up to the blastocyst stage with normal chromosomal ploidy after chemical activation. Thus, GSCs isolated from neonatal and adult mouse testes were able to be maintained and proliferated in our simple culture conditions. These GSCs have the potential to differentiate into haploid germ cells during another long-term culture.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.303-310
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• 2002

Objective s: To estimate the frequency of Y chromosome microdeletions in the Korean population of infertile men and to evaluate the relationship between microdeletion on the Y chromosome and clinical phenotypes of infertile men with idiopathic azoospermia and oligozoospermia. Materials and Methods: Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples collected from 330 infertile men attending the Infertility Clinic at Samsung Cheil Hospital, Korea. Six sequence tagged sites (STSs) spanning the azoospermia factor (AZF) regions of the Y chromosome were amplified by polymerase chain reactions (PCRs). Results: Microdeletions on Y chromosome were detected in 35 (10.6%) of the 330 infertile men. Most of the microdeletions (91.4%) involved AZFb or AZFc. The high incidence of microdeletions were found in AZFc region (57.1%), but the low in AZFa (8.6%) and AZFb (5.7%). Larger microdeletions involving two or three AZF regions were detected in 28.6% of cases. All patients (6 patients) with deletion of AZFa region showed no germ cell phenotypes, Sertoli cell only syndrome or Leydig cell hyperplasia in histopathologic examinations. Conclusion: Microdeletions on the Y chromosome, especially, at AZFc/DAZ regions may be the major cause of azoospermia and severe oligozoospermia. We suggest that idiopathic infertile men have genetic counselling and microdeletion analysis on the Y chromosome before IVF-ET and ART program.