• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.50.1-50.12
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• 2022

Background: There is an urgent need to find reliable and rapid bovine tuberculosis (bTB) diagnostics in response to the rising prevalence of bTB worldwide. Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) recognizes components of bTB and initiates antigen-presenting cells to mediate humoral immunity. Evaluating the affinity of antigens with TLR2 can form the basis of a new method for the diagnosis of bTB based on humoral immunity. Objectives: To develop a reliable and rapid strategy to improve diagnostic tools for bTB. Methods: In this study, we expressed and purified the sixteen bTB-specific recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli. The two antigenic proteins, MPT70 and MPT83, which were most valuable for serological diagnosis of bTB were screened. Molecular docking technology was used to analyze the affinity of MPT70, MPT83, dominant epitope peptide of MPT70 (M1), and dominant epitope peptide MPT83 (M2) with TLR2, combined with the detection results of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to evaluate the molecular docking effect. Results: The results showed that interaction surface Cα-atom root mean square deviation of proteins (M1, M2, MPT70, MPT83)-TLR2 protein are less than 2.5 A, showing a high affinity. It is verified by clinical serum samples that MPT70, MPT83, MPT70-MPT83 showed good diagnostic potential for the detection of anti-bTB IgG and M1, M2 can replace the whole protein as the detection antigen. Conclusions: Molecular docking to evaluate the affinity of bTB protein and TLR2 combined with ELISA provides new insights for the diagnosis of bTB.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.171-178
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• 1991

The results ok feeding experiments to the mice with ginseng extract, ginseng Powder, and ADAPTAGEN, for 30 days before X-ray irradiation and for 40 days after the X-ray irradiation at 750 rads were as follow: 1. The 50% lethals days (LD50, ) by the X-ray irradiation were 9 days at 1, 000 rads. 10 days at 900 rads, 11 days at 800 rads, 14 days at 760 rads, and 19 darts at 750 rads. Therefore, the standard radiation dose was set at 750 radb/8 min. 2. The 80% of the control group mice exposed to the X-ray radiation without ginseng feeding died in periods ranging from 14 to 24 days and the 20~30% of the ginseng extract and ginseng powder feeding groups died. But the 100% of the mice fed with ADAPTAGEN survived. 3. Testicles of the control group became smaller in weight than the nomad group by 26.5 to 29.0% and those of the ginseng extract and ginseng powder feeding group reduced by 44.6 to 60.4%. However, testicles of the ADAPTiIGEN feeding group increased in size by 77.4% to 87.1% and in weight by 61%, showing a recovery phenomenon approarhing to those of the ordinary mice. The ADAPTAGEN feeding group mice were also as active in color as the ordinary ones. 4. An electron micrograph(X8, 000X2.2) of the liver cells of the mice which had been 40 days after X-ray irradiation showed as follows; The control group appeared that is physiological action stopped due to the frequent occurrence of morphological change of the nucleus and diffusion of chromosome, reduction in microspores and expansion of microsomts, and endoplasmic change of mitochondria. The liver cells or the ADAPTAGEN feeding group were in a state similar to those of the ordinary mice restoring to normalcy In contrast, the liver cells of the ginseng extract and ginseng powder feeding groups were still far from being normal. 5. A serological analysis showed that the control group sharply decreased in albumin, Y-g1obu1in, and IgG so far as to cause dystrophy and to weaken antibody resistance but that ginseng extract and ginseng powder feeding groups, though in a little more restoring state than the control group, were still far from the normal group. The ADAPTAGEN feeding group restored to a state as comparable to the normal group in the contents of albumin ${\gamma}$-globulin, IgG and serum protein. In order words, it is noteworthy that ADAPTAGEN feeding was effective in revitalizing the destroyed cells of a living body and that it has the function of normalizing antibody components.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.457-465
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• 2008

Eight Bacillus thuringiensis strains activated against mosquito larva were compared their characterization. Spherical-shaped parasporal inclusion of B. thuringiensis subsp. tohokuensis CAB167 was observed by phase-contrast microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. $LC_{50}$ values of B. thuringiensis subsp. tohokuensis CAB167 against Culex pipiens molestus, Culex pipiens pallens, and Aedes aegyti were 173, 190 and 580 ng/ml, respectively. B. thuringiensis subsp. tohokuensis CAB167 had a parasporal inclusion containing 4 major protein components, for example, 135, 80, 49 and 28-kDa by SDS-PAGE. Otherwise, after trypsin digestion of parasporal inclusion, SDS-PAGE was showed new protease-resistant peptides at 72 and 63-kDa. Activated toxins of isolated CAB167 were different from other reference strains on a serological by immuno-diffusion test.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.407-413
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• 2012

In previous studies, we performed joint animal studies and clinical trials between Yonsei University and Oryza Oil & Fat Chemical Co. Ltd. We have shown that coffee bean extract has potent anti-obesity and hypotriglyceridemic activities as well as beneficial effects on body fat reduction.In this study, the effects of coffee bean extract (100 mg/capsule) on body fat reduction were evaluated in overweight/obese women (body mass index of 25~30 $kg/m^2$ or body fat > 30%) not diagnosed with any type of disease. Subjects were randomly assigned to a coffee bean extract group (n=10) or placebo group (n=10). We measured anthropometric parameters, abdominal fat distribution by computed tomography and blood components before and after the 8week intervention period. After supplementation, the coffee bean extract group showed body weight (p=0.08), body mass index (p=0.06), hip circumference (p<0.05), and upper waist circumference (p< 0.01). In addition, after 8 weeks, the coffee bean extract group showed a significant decrease in abdominal internal fat area compared to 0 weeks (0 weeks : $155.8cm^2$; 8 weeks : $145.9cm^2$, ${\Delta}$ change : $-9.9cm^2$, respectively). However, there were no significant differences in lipid profiles or serological measurements between the coffee bean extract group and placebo group. The results of our human study demonstrated that coffee bean extract supplementation for 8 weeks has beneficial effects on reducing abdominal internal fat area as well as hip and waist circumferences.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.61-69
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• 1991

Serodiagnosis of Clonorchis sinensis infections will probably be a first choice tool for screening of clonorchiasis in a future because of increasing difficulties in collection and examination of stools. The sensitive test such as ELISA can he used effectively. However there are some limitations in serological diagnosis for the detection of serum antibody. One of the major problems is the non-specificity of the antigens which produce cross reaction with other helminthic infection sera. To solve this problem. many investigators have tried to purify the antigens used. In this study, we determined the antigenic profile of the crude saline extract antigen of C. sinensis at early developmental stage based on SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting techniques for the purpose of understanding the nature of C. sinensis worm antigen The following results were obtained : 1) The SDS-PAGE showed many protein hands ranging from 10Kd to 91Kd relative molecular weight. Among them, 66, 46, 40, 33, 27, 24, 16, 14 and 10Kd bands were observed as a principle bands. The protein components of C. sinensis changed chronologically during their early developmental period. 44Kd band was stained unclearly in antigen of 2 weeks worm, but changed to concentrated state in antigen of 5 weeks worm. 35Kd band was found in antigen of 2 weeks worm, however this band was disappeared in antigen of 5 weeks worm. 22Kd band also lost its staining property gradually. 2) In spite of differences in antigenic profile, there was no differences in the data obtained by microplate ELISA using each antigen preparation. Absorbance value began to rise in between 2 to 3 weeks after infection. 3) By EITB. serum antibody recognized major protein bands with molecular weight of 91, 85, 63, 46, 40, 33, 24, 14 and 10Kd hand respectively. Among them 66, 33, 17 and 14Kd bands were observed as non-specific band because they reacted even in normal control sera. Generally, gradual increase of positive reactions were observed as the infection period of C. sinensis was prolonged. In other hand, the reaction of 10Kd hand did not occurred when 26th week sera was tested. 4) The positive reactions using antigens of 2 weeks worm, especially on 40 and 24Kd bands, were most strong and sharply demarcated compared to those of 3~5 weeks worm antigen.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.629-641
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• 2023

Objective: This study investigated the effects of extruded flaxseed with and without herbs mixture on egg performance, yolk fatty acids (FAs), lipid components, blood biochemistry, serological enzymes, antioxidants, and immune system of Hy-Line W-36 hens for nine weeks. Methods: Two hundred forty laying hens were randomly distributed to eight treatments, resulting in six replicates with five hens. Graded levels of dietary extruded flaxseed (0, 90, 180, and 270 g/kg) with and without herbs mixture (24 g/kg: garlic, ginger, green tea, and turmeric 6 g/kg each) were designed as treatments. Results: The two-way analysis of variance indicated that hens fed herbs mixture had a higher value of egg production, yolk high-density lipoprotein (HDL), superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and white blood cell and lower contents of yolk cholesterol, glucose, and blood low-density lipoprotein than those fed diets without herb mixtures (p<0.05). The Flx27 (270 g/kg flaxseed) (153.5 g/kg n-3 FAs) and Flx27+H (270 g/kg flaxseed plus 24 g/kg herbs mixture) (150.5 g/kg n-3 FAs) groups were the most promising treatments in terms of yolk n-3 FAs content. In-teraction effect (herbs- flaxseed) for blood cholesterol, HDL, malondialdehyde, glutaredoxin, alanine transaminase, (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), haemoglobin and immune parameters was significant (p<0.05). The results showed layers fed herbs mixture (Flx9+H, Flx18+H, and Flx27+H) had a better value of total antibody, immunoglobulin M, immunoglobulin G, ALT, AST, and blood HDL as compared with representative flaxseed levels without herbs. Conclusion: High inclusion levels of extruded flaxseed (270 g/kg) without herbs to enrich eggs with n-3 appears to impair the antioxidant system, immunohematological parameters, and sero-logical enzymes. Interestingly, the herbs mixture supplementation corrected those effects. Therefore, feeding layers with flaxseed-rich diets (270 g/kg) and herbs mixture can be a promising strategy to enrich eggs with n-3 FAs.