• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.109-113
• /
• 2008

Realizing the scope of utilizing by-products of silk cocoons by applying appropriate methods is the immediate crave to optimize returns. The nutritive value of pupae suits for human diet, feed for poultry, carps, fish, rabbits, piggery and dogs. The pupal skin, fat, oil, cocoon palade have applications in oleo chemical, soap, glycerin, cosmetic, artificial fibres, membranes and n-triacontanol isolation. The pupal proteins Chitin, Shinki fibroin, Serrapeptidase, glucosamine are latent precursors of post surgical, anti-carcinogenic, anti-inflammative, anti-bacterial, anti-histaminic, gastric, hepatitis, pancreatitis, leukocytopenia, neurological, ophthalmic, blood pressure, cardiac and diabetic medicines and for preparation of vitamins A, E and K. The silk and its proteins sericin and fibroin are potentially used for wound healing, diabetes, impotence, sinusitis, arthritis, edema, cystitis, epididymitis, tissue regeneration, cancer, post-surgical trauma and used as anti-oxidatives, bio-adhesives, ultra violet screens and bio-active textiles. The waste cocoons can be used in making art crafts like garlands, carpets, overcoats, decoratives and greeting cards. The in-depth research towards utility optimization and make aware this reality to sericulturists, reelers, weavers, traders, entrepreneurs, policy makers etc., is the upright want of the today's Sericulture industry.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.67-75
• /
• 1974

개량 Mulching 재배법에 의한 조기재배담배밭부근 뽕잎이 춘잠작에 미치는 영향을 알고져, 담배밭으로부터 뽕밭이 서북쪽에 위치하고, 경사도는 20％미만으로 뽕밭이 높게 위치하였으며, 시험기간중의 풍향은 담배밭을 거쳐 뽕밭쪽으로 불어오는 남풍과 동남풍이 각각 36％로 주풍이었고 동풍이 그 다음으로 18％의 상태인, 담배밭으로부터 l00m떨어진 처리구를 대조로 하고 10m, 25m, 50m, 80m별로 시험구를 설정하여 각처리의 뽕으로 누에 사육을 통한 영향여부를 조사한 결과, 시험사육기간중 육만으로 식별할 수 있을정도의 중독잠 내지 폐사잠은 발견할 수 없었으나 그 결과에 나타난 피해상황은 다음과 같다. 다만, 같은 뽕밭의 뽕이라도 경사도가 낮고, 담배밭에 가까운 곳일수록 뽕나무의 발육이 양호하였고, 엽질면에서도 우량한 뽕잎의 사육결과 였음에도 불구하고, 본 시험결과에 대한 분석결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 5영극도 잠종중에는 담배밭으로부터 25m구까지 감초의 영향을 미쳤다. 2. 생견 1ι과수 역시 담배밭으로 부터 25m 구까지는 고치가 작았다. 3. 전견종과 견층종에서도 담배밭으로 부터 25m 구까지 피해를 주었으며 그 정도는 전견중보다 견층중에 더큰 영향이 미치어서 그 결과 견층비율이 일충 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. 4. 옥견포함 1만두 수견량에서도 담배밭에서 25m 구까지는 수량이 감소되고 있으며 그 정도는 1차 시험에 있어서는 처리구는 대조에 비하여 10m 구에서는 2.4kg, 25m 구는 2.5kg의 차이로 대조보다 19％가 감수되었으며, 2차에서는 10m 구는 1.8kg, 25m 구는 1.5kg의 차이로 각각 11％, 9％의 감수를 보였다. 이상을 종합하여 보면 대조구의 뽕의 질이 좋지 못하였던 점을 감안한다면 본 시험에서 얻어진 거리 및 감량이상의 피해를 받을 가능성을 시사하며, 본 시험에서의 피해한계 거리는 25m∼50m사이에 있는 것 같다. 그 피해증상은 포장에서 발생되는 증상과 동일하였다. 10. 석회의 시용은 시용량이 증가할 수록 발아불량현상을 다소 높게하는 경향이 있었다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 볼때 뽕나무의 발아불량현상은 붕소의 결핍에 기인되나 붕소의 결핍피해정도는 토양모재, 토양내 유기물함량 및 수분함량 그리고 석회시용등에 의해서도 좌우되는 것으로 인정된다. 11. 발아불량현상은 붕사를 10a 당 6∼9kg을 춘, 하2회분시하면 방제할 수 있으며, 10a당2,000kg의 퇴비를 수년간 계속시용하는 방법도 상당한 방제방과를 얻을 수 있다고 믿어진다.. 14. 4항 및 5항의 시험결과 견층 sericin 변성에 가장 크게 영향을 미치는 제사용수의 성분은 pH, M-알카리도, 산도 및 총경처이므로 앞으로 이상의 4개 항목을 기본으로 한 제사시험을 행하고 이 결과에 따라 최적의 제사용수 수질 조건을 설정코저 한다. 15. 동일 시수를 가지고 견층을 반복처리 하는데 따라 시수내의 완충력이 증가하여 견층 sericin의 용해량은 감소하는 경향이 있었다.견층 sericin의 용해량은 감소하는 경향이 있었다.된다.esion also improved. The best results were shown when reeling velocity was 180-220 r.p.m. But when the velocity was increased more than 220 r.p.m., the results of cohesion got worse more or less. D) When the temperature of the drying pipe in reeling machine was raised, the results of cohesion also showed a tendency to improve. 4. Re-reeling A) We could net reach a conclusion as to have correlation

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• 제44권1호
• /
• pp.4-11
• /
• 2022

In this study, cocoons from different silkworm strains and rearing seasons were collected and immersed in water at elevated temperatures to investigate the effect of a wet treatment on their morphology and crystallinity. Untreated cocoons exhibited different crystallinities depending on the silkworm strain and rearing season; however, no distinct changes in their morphological structure were observed. Furthermore, after wet treatment, the differences in the crystallinities of cocoons disappeared. In addition, wet treatment of degummed silk (i.e., fibroin) did not change its crystallinity. These results indicate that different crystallinities of the untreated cocoons collected from various silkworm strains and rearing seasons are due to the different characteristics of sericin in the cocoons.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
• /
• 제45권1호
• /
• pp.6-9
• /
• 2003

세리신잠의 성장발육과 실용형질 등 세리신잠의 특성을 알아보기 위하여 Nd-s잠과 N$d^{H}$잠을 대상으로 조사하여 얻은 실험결과는 다음과 같았다. 1. 최청기간은 Nd-s잠 10일 2시간, N$d^{H}$ 잠 10일 1시간, 백옥잠은 11일 1시간이었다. 실용부화율에 있어서 Nd-s잠과 Nd.$^{H}$ 잠은 83.9%와 83.3%였고, 백옥잠은 96%였다. 전령경과일수는 Nd-s잠 20일 1시간 N$d^{H}$잠 20일 5시간, 백옥잠 22일 12시간이었다. 2. 감잠비율은 Nd-s잠 12.0%, N$d^{H}$ 잠 18.7%, 백옥잠 5.3%이었으며, 화용비율은 Nd-s잠 83.0%, N$d^{H}$ 잠 76.3%, 백옥잠 92.3%였다. 3. 단견중은 Nd-s잠 1.39 g, N$d^{H}$ 잠 1.08g, 백옥잠 2.01 g, 전견중은 Nd-s 잠 13 cg, N$d^{H}$ 잠 3 cg, 백옥잠 48 cg이였으며, 견층비율은 Nd-s 잠 9.0%, N$d^{H}$ 잠 2.8%, 백옥잠 23.9%였다. 4. 고치의 크기는 Nd-s잠 장경 30.6mm, 단경 15.8mm, N$d^{H}$ 잠 장경 24.7mm, 단경 14.9mm, 백옥잠 장경 35.8mm, 단경 20.5mm이었다.5.8mm, 단경 20.5mm이었다.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
• /
• 제50권2호
• /
• pp.76-81
• /
• 2012

본 연구에서는 인체에 유해한 용매를 사용하지 않고 누에 실샘으로부터 가수분해물을 제조하는 새로운 공정을 개발하였다. 제조된 누에 실샘 가수분해물의 특성 분석을 통해 누에고치 유래 세리신 가수분해물(CSH)과 구성 성분 및 물성이 상이함을 확인하였다. 또한 1 mg/ml 수용성 누에 실샘 가수분해물(SSGH)을 첨가한 경우 10% FBS를 첨가한 대조군과 동등한 세포 증식효과가 있음을 증명하였다. 결론적으로 누에 실샘 가수분해물은 혈청을 대체할 수 있는 우수한 소재임을 확인하였다. 본 연구에서 개발한 제조방법을 통해 생산된 누에 실샘 가수분해물은 향후 화장품 및 의료용 소재로 그 응용범위를 확대할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.37-48
• /
• 1973

The purpose of this studies is to improve the cohesion of raw silk through various analyses on cocoon drying, cooking, reeling, re-reeling, and on the properties of water. Also we investigated the correlation between silk testing items which we have reached to the following results. 1. Drying of cocoon When cocoons were slowly dried with 100$^{\circ}C$, the results of cohesion became much better. On the other hand, the results were considerably decreased in case the temperature with 115$^{\circ}C$. 2. Cooking of cocoon In case of the cooking of cocoon, we found that the result of cohesion was best with incomplete cooking, that of the control was next, while in over cooking, the results were very low. Also the results of cohesion were much better when using the method of over cooking with sericin arrestive agent than that of incomplete cooking with sericin agglutinating agent. 3. Reeling of cocoon A) When the temperature of reeling bath was 25-45$^{\circ}C$, the results of cohesion test were much better, but at the temperature below 25$^{\circ}C$ or above 45$^{\circ}C$, the results became worse. B) With out the process of croissieur, the results of cohesion were too bad, but in case of croissieur more than 1cm, cohesion became better rapidly. Further more, we understood that the results of cohesion were improving slightly with longer length of croissieur. C) When the velocity of reeling was increased, the results of cohesion also improved. The best results were shown when reeling velocity was 180-220 r.p.m. But when the velocity was increased more than 220 r.p.m., the results of cohesion got worse more or less. D) When the temperature of the drying pipe in reeling machine was raised, the results of cohesion also showed a tendency to improve. 4. Re-reeling A) We could net reach a conclusion as to have correlation between the number of dipping repeat in vacuum tank and the results of cohesion before re-reeling process. B) When we used Seracol 500 as an agglutination protective agent with l/1000 to l/2000 of water, the results of cohesion test were better. C) When we used Pearl-lite as an agglutination protective agent with 1/1000 to 1/2000 of water, the results of cohesion were considerably better. D) We gained tile best results when used Cohesion Improving Chemical, A-80, with 500-1500 times diluted. 1) Results of cohesion was improved when humidity was low or temperature was high in the rereeling machine. 5. Filature water A) The water pH near the isoelectric point of protein showed the best cohesion, but the farther water pH, the worser results were obtained. B) With the increasing of M-alkalinity in filature water, the results of cohesion were worse. Above all, we understood the tendency of the results of cohesion get worse when the M-alkalinity is increased above 200 ppm. C) By increasing the total hardness of the filature water, it improved the results of cohesion. Especially, when the total hardness was above 300ppm, the results were extremely high. 6. Effects combination of each results A) The result of effects combination in filature processes with the obtained best conditions was distinctively improved. But the results could not reach in mathematicaly double effect. When reelied under worse conditions, the results of cohesion test were too bad. There was "effect limit" for the promotion. B) Generally the results of cohesion were bad when the filature conditions(the temperature, pressure and the properties of water, etc) are processed as sericin loss to be high. On the other hand, the results were very good when lower sericin loss was controlled in filature conditions. C) When filature conditions such as reeling velocity and croissieur length provide pysical cohesion ability and when raw silk dry fast during reeling and re-reeling, we found the result of cohesion was better. 7. Correlation of silk testing items. A) A negative correlation exists between the results of cohesion test and cleanness defect. Another word, the result of cohesion test was found to be worse as cleanness defect increased. B) In cleanness, cohesion has negative correlation against the number of slugs, but we could not find any correlation against long loops, loose ends. C) Cohesion has negative correlation against average neatness and low neatness defect. The better the results of neatness respectively, the better the results of cohesion found. D) There is no correlation between tenacity and the results of cohesion test, but there was high positive correlation between the results of elongation and those of cohesion test. The more elongation, the better the results of cohesion was found.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• 제38권2호
• /
• pp.51-55
• /
• 2019

The structure and properties of silk polymers (fibroin and sericin) can be satisfactorily controlled by choosing a suitable silkworm variety and, hence, this parameter (i.e., silkworm variety) has attracted increasing attention. A previous study reported that the crystallinity of white colored silkworm cocoons depends on the silkworm variety. In the present study, sixteen yellow colored silkworm variety cocoons were produced and their molecular conformation and crystallinity were investigated. The conformation of the silkworm cocoons varied with the silkworm variety. Most cocoons exhibited ${\beta}$-sheet conformation, although random coil and ${\beta}$-sheet conformations co-existed in some cocoons (e.g., 21 and D90). The crystallinity of the silkworm cocoons varied with the silkworm variety and the measurement position of the cocoon (i.e., outer surface or inner surface). However, the difference in the crystallinity indices of the outer and inner surfaces comprising the cocoons varied with the silkworm variety, but was <2% for all cocoons, except for MAL.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.87-92
• /
• 1970

본(本) Sericin 분해(分解) 효소(酵素) 강력(强力) 분필균주(分泌菌株) $S_4-1-1$이 생성(生成)하는 Sericinase 는 1. 열(熱)에 대(對)해 안정(安定)하여 $5^{\circ}C$에서 1개월간(個月間) $20^{\circ}C$에서 약(約) 30시간(時間)까지 그 활성(活性)이 지속(持續)되며 2. Fibroin 물질(物質)에 대(對)한 분해력(分解力)은 전연(全然) 인정(認定)되지 않았고 3. EDTA 및 $Ag^{++}$, $Hg^{++}$에 의(依)해 거의 완전실활(完全失活)되며 $Cu^{++}$, $Cd^{++}$에 의(依)해서도 비교적(比較的) 강(强)하게 실활(失活)되였다. 4. 계면활성제(界面活性劑) Peretex N의 혼존시(混存時) 그 활성(活性)이 다소(多少) 촉진(促進)되었다. 이와 같은 Sericin분해효소(分解酵素)를 가잠견(家蠶繭)의 해서(解舒)에 이용(利用)하므로서 현행(現行)되고 있는 자견(煮繭)에 비(比)해 1. 조사성적(繰絲成績) 즉 해서율(解舒率), 생사량비율등(生絲量比率等)이 오히려 우수(優秀)했으며 2, 사조반(絲條班), 소절(小節), 인장강도(引長强度)의 성적(成績) 역시(亦是) 자견(煮繭)에 비(比)해 하등(下等)의 손색(遜色)이 없었다.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
• /
• 제39권2호
• /
• pp.169-173
• /
• 1997

The behavior of tyrosine(Tyr.) residue of Bombyx mori silk fiber from yellow fluorescent cocoon has been examined for the dependence of pH in aqueous silk solution under the presence of orange II salt. Through the peak separation of angular dependence of spectral pattern of 15N-Tyr. and [1-13C]-Tyr. between the fiber axis and the molecular bond direction, N-H bond in fiber as well as the orientation distribution around the fiber axis were analyzed. Also, and sericin component was obtained from these angular dependence of oriented spectral pattern. The pH dependence of the 13C NMR chemical shift of B. mori silk fibroin was examined in aqueous solution in the presince of orange II are broad at pH$\geq$7.0. However, these become sharper at pH$\geq$8.0 and remain sharp at higher pH. In these higher pH range, a chemical shift change occurs due to the deprotonation of the Tyr. side group of fibroin. At higher pH. such a hydrophobic cluster is destroyed because of the electrostatic interaction according to the deprotonation of the Tyr-OH group.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
• /
• 제45권1호
• /
• pp.10-17
• /
• 2003

최근에 기능성 양잠으로 관심이 높아지고 있는 Nd-s잠, N$d^{H}$잠의 이화학적 특성분석 결과는 다음과 같았다. 1. 처리온도 증가에 따른 용해성에서 Nd-s잠과 N$d^{H}$잠의 경우 용해도가 증가하였지만 백옥잠은 용해도 정도가 미미하였다. 특히, Nd-s잠의 경우 9$0^{\circ}C$에서의 용해성은 낮았으나 10$0^{\circ}C$경우는 높았다 13$0^{\circ}C$이상에서 연감률은 Hd-s잠과 NdH잠은 100%였고, 백옥잠은 24%였다. 효소처리에 의한 연감률이 Nd-s잠과 N$d^{H}$잠의 경우 처리시간이 경과함에 따라 연감률이 증가하였고, 백옥잠은 3% 이하였다. 2. 아미노산조성에서 Nd-s잠은 글리신 29.l mol%로 가장 높았고, N$d^{H}$잠은 세린 32.6 mol%로 가장 높았다. 정련 전 백옥잠은 글리신 40.3mol%, 정련 후 백옥잠은 글리신 46.3 mol%였다. 3 시차 주사 열량 분석은 Nd-s잠, N$d^{H}$잠, 정련 전$.$후 백옥잠에서 10$0^{\circ}C$이하 peak는 수분증발에 의한 흡열 peak로 보여지고, Nd-s잠, N$d^{H}$잠 및 정련 전 백옥잠은 216$^{\circ}C$∼218$^{\circ}C$에서 열변성 peak로 보여지며, 314$^{\circ}C$∼32$0^{\circ}C$부근에서 peak는 열분해 peak로 보였다. 4. 적외선 분광 분석에서 Nd-s 잠은 결정화도가 44.3%, N$d^{H}$잠은 43.7%, 정련 전 백옥잠은 59.9%, 정련 후 백옥잠은 61.8%로서 Nd-s잠과 N$d^{H}$ 잠은 백옥잠보다 결정화도가 낮았다. 5. X-선 결정화도는 정련 전 Nd-s잠은 35.9, 정련 전 N$d^{H}$ 잠은 33.5%, 백옥잠정련 전이 47.2%, 정련 후 백옥잠은 49.8가 나타났다. 6. N$d^{H}$ 잠의 고치를 12$0^{\circ}C$에서 여과하여 동결건조하여 분말로 만들어 수용성만 이용하여 분자량 측정은 1시간 처리의 수평균분자량은 9,417로 분자량이 제일 크고 골고루 넓은 범위에서 분포되어 있으며, 2시간처리시는 3,744, 4시간처리시는 4,944, 6시간처리시는 3,910으로 평균분자량이 처리시간에 따라 저분자화 되는 경향이었으며, N$d^{H}$ 잠의 수평균분자량은 3,744∼9,417범위로 나타났다.은 3,744∼9,417범위로 나타났다.