• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
• /
• 1996.10a
• /
• pp.53-53
• /
• 1996

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.375-382
• /
• 1999

In order to investigate the contamination characteristics of the heavy metals in the mine tailings of abandoned gold mine and its surrounding agricultural soils, a sequential extraction procedure of increasing reactivity in the dissolution processes of the heavy metals(Cd, Cu, and Pb) which were associated with solid and/or solution phase in soils was attempted to partition into six particulate fractions : exchangeable, bound to carbonate, bound to Fe-Mn oxides, bound to organic matter, residual, and soluble. Among indigenous heavy metals in the mine tailings, Pb was the most abundant and Cu and Cd were followed by. Fractionation result of Pb obtained from the triplicate samples of the mine tailings were in the order of Fe-Mn oxide> Carbonate> Residual> Organic> Exchangeable> Soluble, while Wolgok series were Exchangeable > Fe-Mn oxide > Carbonate> Organic> Residual> Soluable. However the other heavy metals studied were not followed this trend. The fractionation results of mine tailing and agricultural soils demonstrated that different geochemical fractions were operationally defined by an extraction sequence that generally followed the order of decreasing solubility. Therefore potential mobility and bioavailability of heavy metals as toxic pollution sources can be evaluated when studying the pollution levels of heavy metals in soils.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.79-85
• /
• 2009

Gelatin hydrolysates with a high inhibitory activity against angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) were fractionated from Alaska pollock surimi refiner discharge. The ACE-inhibitory activity, expressed as $IC_{50}$ (mg/mL), was highest (0.49 mg/mL) in gelatin hydrolysates formed by sequential 2-hr treatments of Pronase and Flavourzyme. After fractionation through four different membrane filters with molecular weight cut-offs of 3, 5, 10, and 30 kDa, the highest ACE-inhibitory activity (0.21 mg/mL) was observed with the 3-kDa filtrate.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.89-96
• /
• 1992

In this study , we have investigated leaching characteristics of heavy metals and alkalinity centering around steel mill slags by several extraction methods, for the purpose of risk assessment that exert influence on environment and offer of the foundation data of reuse by slags. Korean standard method, U.S.EPA Extraction Procedure, alkalinity extraction test and 9 step sequential fractionation experiment by Miller et al. were carried out for investigating teachability of steel mill slags. As a result of this experiment, heavy metals were little detected and it was considered that alkalinity does not exert a bad effect around environment in slabs with large particle size. By the result of 9 step fractionation experiment, heavy metal contents in slags were not plentiful, in addition, even comparatively plentiful contended heavy metals, for the most part, were likely to detained or bonded in silica matrix. Therefore, in case of slags with large particle size, it seems that teachability of heavy metals were next to impossible that is existed as a safety condition.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.43 no.6
• /
• pp.917-922
• /
• 2010

To assess the bioavailability of As in soils and to provide a basic information for adequate management of As contaminated fields, paddy soils and rice grains near 5 closed mines were collected and analyzed for As using sequential extraction procedure. The As contents extracted with 1M HCl against total As content in soils were ranged from 5.4 to 41.9% ($r=0.90^{**}$). However, these two contents of As in soils were not positively correlated with As concentration in rice grains. Major As fractionation of paddy soils was residual form ranging 38.1 to 84.1% except NS mine. Also, specially adsorbed fraction and fraction associated with amorphous Fe and Al oxyhydroxides, which are partially bioavailable As fractionation to the rice plant, were positively correlated with As in rice grains while fraction associated with crystalline Fe and Al oxyhydroxides and residual form were not correlated.

• Environmental Sciences Bulletin of The Korean Environmental Sciences Society
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.69-78
• /
• 1998

Contents of heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb) in the sediments of Ulsan Bay were investigated by the sequential extraction methods that classifies heavy metals into five types of chemical forms: exchangeable, bound to carbonates, bound to Fe-Mn oxides, bound to organic matter and residual. The analytes were determined by using an ICP-MS. Total Cr concentrations in the sediments were in the range of 41.6-96.4, Cu 60.7-680, Zn 189-1954, Cd 33.1-83.4, and Pb 138-567 mg/kg. Results of sequential fractionation indicates that relatively high proportion $(\~44\%)$ of Cu is associated with organic matter A large proportion of Pb is associated with three types of chemical forms: Fe-Mn oxides, organic matter, and residual. There were significant correlation in concentrations between the exchangeable components and total organic carbons. The heavy metals in the residual phase cannot be easily released to the environment since these are bound to the crystal lattice. But, reducible and organic Phases cfn a significant amount of most heavy metals. Therefore. there is potential danger of a substantial amount of metals becoming chemically mobile with environmental changes.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.69-78
• /
• 1993

Contents of heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb) in the sediments of Ulsan Bay were investigated by the sequential extraction methods that classifies heavy metals into five types of chemical forms: exchangeable, bound to carbonates, bound to Fe-Mn oxides, bound to organic matter and residual. The analyses were determined by using an ICP-MS. Total Cr concentrations in the sediments were in the range of 41.6-96.4, Cu 60.7-680, Zn 189-1954, Cd 33.1-83.4, and Pb 138-567 mg/kg. Results of sequential fractionation indicates that relatively high proportion ( ~44%) of Cu is associated with organic matter. A large proportion of Pb is associated with three types of chemical forms: Fe-Mn oxides, organic matter, and residual. There were significant correlation in concentrations between the exchangeable components and total organic carbons. The heavy metals In the residual phase cannot be easily released to the environment since these are bound to the crystal lattice. But, reducible and organic Phases con a significant amount of most heavy metals. Therefore, there is Potential dancer of a substantial amount of metals becoming chemically mobile with environmental changes.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.42 no.2
• /
• pp.65-69
• /
• 2009

We studied to compare the fractionation patterns of Ni, Cu, Zn in Jeju volcanic ash soils and to elucidate the uptakes of them by Pakchoi(Brassica campestris var. chinensis). Fractionation patterns of soils by sequential extraction method were different and make to distinguish from various soil types. In Pakchoi, the transfer rates of Ni, Cu, Zn from root to shoot were also different by metal types. There are low corelation between fractional contents in soil and contents in plants of trace elements except for exchangeable Zn. It is needed to develop novel methods for the assessment soil Ni in relation to plant uptake because of poor corelation.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.6-15
• /
• 2013

The influence of processing fluids and electrode spacing on the electrokinetic process was evaluated to remediate As-, Cu-, Pb-contaminated soil. Single and mixture of sodium citrate, EDTA and NaOH was used to investigate the metal extraction. EDTA for washing reagent showed the highest removal efficiency. Based on the extraction result, the electrode spacing (20, 40, 60 cm) on the electrokinetic process was investigated to remove the multi-metals from soil. The highest removal was observed at the experiment with 60 cm of electrode spacing, however, the correlation between electrode spacing and removal of metals was not clear. The electrode spacing influenced the amount of accumulated electro-osmotic flow. BCR sequential extraction showed that electrokinetic process removed the fractionation of metals bound to Fe-Mn oxyhydroxide.

• Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.212-222
• /
• 2015

Experiments were conducted on the immobilization of eight heavy metals (HMs) (Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe, Ni, Pb, Cd, and Cr) during 20-day rotary drum composting of water hyacinth. The Tessier sequential extraction procedure was used to investigate the fractionation of HMs. The eco-toxicity risk of HMs was assessed by risk assessment code (RAC). In the results, the bioavailability factor (BAF) for different HMs presented in the following order: Mn > Zn = Fe > Cu > Cr > Cd = Pb > Ni. The total concentration of Pb was higher than that of Zn, Cu, Mn, Cd and Cr; however, its BAF was the lowest among these HMs. These results confirmed that the eco-toxicity of HMs depends on bioavailable fractions rather than on the total concentration. The greatest reduction in bioavailability and eco-toxicity risk of HMs occurred in lime 1% and 2% as compared to control and lime 3%. The eco-toxicity risk of Fe, Ni, Pb, Cd and Cr was reduced from low risk to zero risk by rotary drum composting. These studies demonstrated the high efficiency of the rotary drum for degrading compost materials and for reducing the bioavailability and eco-toxicity risk of HMs during the composting process.