• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.23-28
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this study is to compare the 3-dimensional MR angiography(MRA) with digital subtraction angiography(DSA) for the evaluation of pedal artery. MR angiography was performed using three-dimensional FISP acquisition before, and four sequential acquisitions after the injection of gadolinium(0.2 mmol/kg, 3 ml/sec). MRA was compared with DSA for a correct identification of the arterial segment. Out of 168 segments, 32 segmints were invisible in both MRA and DSA. At the level of ankle, 48 segments were visible in both examinations, and 18 segments were visible only in MRA. In the foot area, 34 segments were visible in MRA, but not in DSA. Three arterial segments were visible only in DSA. 3D MRA is comparable to DSA for the evaluation of pedal artery, thus it gives additional Information for the planning of treatment in lower extremity artery.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
• /
• 제32권1호
• /
• pp.61-67
• /
• 2009

연구목적 : poly-L-guluronic alginate(PGA) 겔이 혈관색전술에 적용가능한지 시뮬레이션을 통해 확인하고, PGA 겔이 혈관 내에서도 유용한지 혈관조영술을 통해 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 겔을 형성하는 PGA는 다시마에서 추출하여 생물학적 적합성 시험을 거쳤고, 단백질 불순물을 완전히 정제한 후 실험에 이용하였다. 유리 동맥류 모형을 이용하여 PGA가 겔을 형성하여 색전을 일으키는지 확인하였고, 가토의 신장 혈관에서도 PGA가 색전을 일으키는지 혈관조영술을 통해 확인하였다. 결 과 : 유리 동맥류 모형에서 PGA는 자동 주입기를 이용하여 카테타를 통해 주입한 후 염화칼슘($CaCl_2$)을 주입하니 유리 동맥류 모형 내에서 겔을 형성하며 색전을 일으켰다. 가토 실험에서는 우신 동맥과 대동맥을 결찰한 후 혈관조영술을 통해 좌신의 혈류를 확인하였다. 좌신동맥으로 PGA와 염화칼슘($CaCl_2$)을 동일한 카테터를 통해 순서대로 주입한 후 우신동맥과 대동맥의 결찰을 제거하였다. 혈관조영술을 다시 실시하여 좌신동맥의 혈류를 확인하니 좌신동맥이 보이지 않았다. 이는 좌신 혈관 내에세 PGA가 겔을 형성하여 혈류를 완전히 차단하였기 때문이었다. 결 론 : PGA는 혈관 내에서 혈관을 완전히 차단하고 색전을 일으킴을 확인하였다. 그러므로 PGA는 혈관 색전물질로 유용할 것이고, 혈관색전술과 조영술 적용에 상당히 효과적일 것이다.

• 공업화학
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.262-267
• /
• 2014

오일샌드에서 비투맨(bitumen)을 회수하는 지하회수방식 중 가장 많이 사용하는 기술인 SAGD (steam assisted gravity drainage)공정으로부터 비투맨의 회수율을 향상시키고자 스팀과 함께 주입한 첨가제의 효과와 매커니즘에 대해서 연구하였다. 실제 광구에서 쓰이는 SAGD공정을 150 : 1로 축소한 실험실 규모의 모사장비가 사용되었으며, 지하 박층을 모사할 수 있는 장치(이하 GM, geological model)가 사용되었다. 초중질유와 글래스비드(glass bead 1.5 mm)의 혼합물은 오일샌드의 모사재료로 사용되었다. 첨가제로서 $CO_2$가 사용되었으며, 스팀 챔버(steam chamber)의 성장 변화를 비교 분석하였다. $CO_2$의 주입방식에 따른 효과를 확인하기 위하여 스팀과 $CO_2$를 연속 주입하는 실험($cCO_2$-SAGD)과 순차적으로 주입하는 실험($sCO_2$-SAGD)을 실시하였다. 그 결과 $sCO_2$-SAGD 실험의 경우 Control 실험 대비 오일 회수율은 60.2%에서 69.3%로 향상되었으며 cSOR의 경우 7.1에서 6.0으로 낮아졌다. 반면에 $cCO_2$-SAGD 실험의 경우 60.2%에서 57.6%, 7.1에서 7.3으로 증가 되었다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.233-241
• /
• 1995

Purpose : To analyse clinical outcome and prognostic factors according to treatment modality, this paper report our experience of retrospective study of patients with esophageal cancer Materials and Methods : One hundred and ten patients with primary esophageal cancer who were treated in Presbyterian Medical Center from May 1985 to December 1992. We analysed these patients retrospectively with median follow up time of 28 months, one hundred and four patients($95{\%}$) were followed up from 15 to 69 months. In methods, twenty-eight patients were treated with median radiation dose irradiated 54.3Gy only. Fifty-six patients were treated with combined chemoradiotherapy. Sixteen cases of these patients were treated with concurrent chemoradiation and the other patients(forty cases) were treated sequential chemoradiotherapy. In concurrent chemoradiotherapy group, patients received 5-FU continuous IV infusion for 4 days. Cisplatin IV bolus. and concurrent esophageal irradiation to 30 Gy. After that patients received 5-FU continuous IV, Cisplatin bolus injection and Mitomycin-C bolus IV, Bleomycin continuous IV, and irradiation to 20 Gy. In sequential chemoradiotherapy group, the chemotherapy consisted of 5-FU 1,000mg/$m^2$ administered as a continuous 24 hour intravenous infusion during five days and Cisplatin 80-100mg/$m^2$ bolus injected, or Bleomycin, Vinblastine, Cisplatin, Methotrexate were used of 1 or 2 cycles. After preoperative concurrentm chemoradiation twenty-six patients underwent radical esophagectomy. Results : Ninety-three patients could be examined for response assessment, By treatment modality, response rates were $85.1{\%}$ for radiation alone group and $86.3{\%}$ for combined chemoradiation group. But in operation group, after one cycle of concurrent chemoradiation treatment, response rate was $61.9{\%}$. The pathologic complete response were $15.4{\%}$ in operation group. Overall median survival was II months and actuarial 5-year survival rate was $8{\%}$. The median survival interval was 6 months for radiation alone group, 11 months for combined chemoradiation group and 19 months for operation group. And also median survival was 19 months for complete responder group that 8 months for noncomplete responder group. In univariative analysis, statistically significant prognostic factors were tumor size, clinical stage, tumor response, and operation. In multivariative analysis, significantly better survival was associated with clinical stage, tumor response, radiation dose, and operation. Conclusion : Compared with radiotherapy alone, combined multimodality may improve the median survival in patients with localized carcinoma of the esophagus and toxicity is acceptable.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제46권1호
• /
• pp.75-81
• /
• 1999

연구배경: 최근 상어 간유(squalene)에 의한 지방성 폐렴이 다수 보고되고 있으나 이에 대한 동물 실험이 미흡한 상태로 저자들은 토끼에서 상어 간유 흡인 후 나타나는 폐 반응을 HRCT와 병리학적 검사를 통해 알아보았다. 방 법: 14 마리의 백색 토끼를 대상으로 스쿠알렌을 흡인 시킨 후 12마리의 토끼를 4마리씩 각각 1주, 2주, 4주에 HRCT와 병리 소견을 관찰하였고, 나머지 2마리는 각각 흡인된 스쿠알렌 양을 달리하여 6주째에 관찰하였다, 결 과: 총 14마리중 l마리는 주입 즉시 즉사 하였으며 나머지 13 마리중 HRCT상 6마리에서 폐렴이 발생하였고, 1 주째에 기관지 공기 조영상을 동반한 광범위한 폐렴이 발생하였다가 4주째에는 폐용적 감소, 6 주째에는 기관지 확장소견이 동반되었다. 병리소견상 주로 기관지 주위에 심한 염증 소견을 보였고 1주째부터 격막비후 소견이 관찰되었고 2주째에 폐포내 대식세포수가 가장 많았으며 6주째에 섬유모세포의 증식이 관찰되었다. 곁 론: 스쿠알렌 흡인 후 폐렴이 발생하였으며, 이는 2-3주에 가장 심한 염증 소견을 보여, 이후 서서히 호전됨을 동물실험을 통해 증명하였으며, HRCT에서도 조직학적 소견과 유사한 소견을 관찰할 수 있었다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
• /
• 제29권3호
• /
• pp.235-240
• /
• 2014

생쥐 2세포기, 4세포기, 8세포기를 각 발생 단계에서 채취하여 동결 보호제를 첨가한 서로 다른 배양액에서 배양하고, 배아의 동결 보존 및 융해 시 급속 처리와 저속 처리 단계로 비교하여 이들 조건이 배아의 생존과 발현에 미치는 영향을 조사하여 다음의 결과를 얻었다. 동결 보호제로 처리하여 배양액을 달리한 경우, 급속 단계에서는 모든 배양액에서 비슷한 발생율을 보였고, 저속단계의 4세포기와 8세포기는 D-PBS에서 높은 발생율을 보였다(P<0.05, P<0.01). 배아의 발생 시기에 따른 동결 보존 후, 발생율은 2, 4, 8세포기로 넘어갈수록 발생율의 증가를 보여 8세포기에서 발생율이 가장 높았다(P<0.01). 동결 보호제의 처리단계에 따른 발생율은 2세포기의 급속 단계에서는 유사하였으나, 4세포기와 8세포기는 저속단계에서 높은 발생율을 보였으며(P<0.05), 특히 8세포기에서 가장 높았다(P<0.01).

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• 제30권3호
• /
• pp.687-700
• /
• 2000

Antigen-specific T cell clones were obtained from mice immunized with Fusobacterium nucleatum ATCC 10953(F .nucleatum) and/or Porphyromonas gingi valis 381(P. gingivalis). 10 Balb/c mice per group were immunized with F. nucleatum followed by P. gingivalis, or with P. gingivalis alone by intraperitoneal injection of viable microorganisms. Spleen T cells were isolated and stimulated in vitro with viable P. gingivalis cells to establish P. gingivalisspecific T cell clones. T cell phenotypes and cytokine profiles were determined along with T cell responsiveness to F .nucleatum or P. gingivalis. Serum IgG antibody titers to F. nucleatum or P. gingivalis were also determined by ELISA. All the T cell clones derived from mice immunized with F. nucleatum followed by P. gingivalis demonstrated Th2 subsets, while those from mice immunized with P. gingivalis alone demonstrated Th1 subsets based on the flow cytometric analysis and cytokine profiles, All T cells clones from both groups were cross-reactive to both P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum antigens. Phenotypes of T cell clones were all positive for CD4. Mean post-immune serum IgG antibody levels to F. nucleatum or P . gingivalis were significantly higher than the pre-immune levels(p <0.01, respectively). There were no significant differences in the antibody titers between the two groups. It was concluded that P. gingivalis-specific T cells initially primed by cross-reactive F. nucleatum antigens were polarized to Th2 subsets, while T cells stimulated with P. gingivalis alone maintained the profile of Th1 subset.

• BMB Reports
• /
• 제34권1호
• /
• pp.15-20
• /
• 2001

One of the innate immune reactions in invertebrates is the pro-phenoloxidase (pro-PO) activation system that is involved in the generation of superoxide, melanin synthesis, and the subsequent sequestration of foreign matter entering the hemocoel of the invertebrates. However, the molecular mechanism of this biological reaction is still obscure. To expand our understanding of the biological roles of the pro-PO activation system in invertebrates, we performed a yeast two-hybrid screening by using three regions of pro-PO as bait and a yeast two-hybrid cDNA library from Tenebrio molitor larvae as prey We isolated a novel partial cDNA clone that encodes a glycine-rich protein that interacted with the active phenoloxidase (termed phenoloxidase interacting protein, POIP). POIP consists of two domains: One is an N-terminal unique domain and the other is a C-terminal glycine-rich domain. The C-terminal glycine-rich domain showed sequential homology with those of insect antifungal proteins. Also, the yeast two-hybrid screen in a reverse orientation (using POIP as bait) yielded PO, suggesting that the PO-POIP interaction is specific. By using a 315 bP PCR fragment of the N-terminal unique region of POIP, we cloned the full-length cDNA of POIP from the Tenebruo cDNA library constructed by using E. coli injected larvae. The interaction analysis between PO, and a truncated fragment lacking the N-terminal unique region of POIP, indicated that the N-terminal unique region is necessary for interaction between PO and POIP. The expression level of the POIP mRNA is increased by bacterial injection into T. molitor larvae. This suggests that POIP might be engaged in the humoral defense reaction.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.89-94
• /
• 1999

Cell proliferation and c-Jun expression pattern in liver exposed by nongenotoxic carcinogens phenobarbital (PB) and clofibrate, and genotoxic carcinogen 2-amino-3-methylimidazo [4,5-f] quinoline (IQ) were investigated to see whether differential effects of genotoxic and non-genotoxic carcinogens on the development of neoplastic foci may be related to differential effect on cell proliferation. Male F344 rats were initially given a single intraperitioneal injection of diethylnitrosamine (200 mg/kg body weight), and 2 weeks later, animals were fed diets containing 0.03% IQ or 0.5% CE or 0.05% PB or basal diet as a control for 6 weeks. All rats were subjected to the two-thirds partial hepatectomy (PH) at week 3. Sequential sacrifice of rats was performed until 8 weeks. Cell proliferation was examined by immunohistochemical staining of bromodeoxyuridine and c-Jun expression was determined by northern blotting. The increase of cell proliferation rate after PH was significant in the rats fed 0.05% IQ and continued until 8 weeks, while the increase was not significant in the rats fed phenobarbital and clofibrate compared to that in the rats fed control diet. mRNA level of c-Jun in the liver treated with IQ was about 7 fold higher than that of control and peak at 5 hours after rH. In the liver treated with CE, mRNA level of c-Jun was 3-4 fold higher than that of control and the highest level of mRNA of c-Jun was seen at 24 hours after PH. These results show that differential effects of genotoxic and non-genotoxic carcinogens on the development of neoplastic foci may be related to differential effect on cell proliferation pattern.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.152-160
• /
• 2016

Purpose: Endoscopic diagnosis of gastric cancer (GC) that emerges after eradication of Helicobacter pylori may be affected by unique morphological changes. Using comprehensive endoscopic imaging, which can reveal biological alterations in gastric mucosa after eradication, previous studies demonstrated that Congo red chromoendoscopy (CRE) might clearly show an acid non-secretory area (ANA) with malignant potential, while autofluorescence imaging (AFI) without drug injection or dyeing may achieve early detection or prediction of GC. We aimed to determine whether AFI might be an alternative to CRE for identification of high-risk areas of gastric carcinogenesis after eradication. Materials and Methods: We included 27 sequential patients with metachronous GC detected during endoscopic surveillance for a mean of 82.8 months after curative endoscopic resection for primary GC and eradication. After their H. pylori infection status was evaluated by clinical interviews and $^{13}C$-urea breath tests, the consistency in the extension of corpus atrophy (e.g., open-type or closed-type atrophy) between AFI and CRE was investigated as a primary endpoint. Results: Inconsistencies in atrophic extension between AFI and CRE were observed in 6 of 27 patients, although CRE revealed all GC cases in the ANA. Interobserver and intraobserver agreements in the evaluation of atrophic extension by AFI were significantly less than those for CRE. Conclusions: We demonstrated that AFI findings might be less reliable for the evaluation of gastric mucosa with malignant potential after eradication than CRE findings. Therefore, special attention should be paid when we clinically evaluate AFI findings of background gastric mucosa after eradication (University Hospital Medical Information Network Center registration number: UMIN000020849).