• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.304-308
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• 1993

A platelet activating factor(PAF) antagonist ginkgolides produced from Ginkgo biloba are well known for their potential usage in septic shock and other PAF related diseases. Even though they are extracted from the leaves and on occasion the root bark, the exact biosynthetic site and pathway have not proved yet. In order to locate the enzymes involved and elucidate the biosynthetic site of the compounds, embryo-derived aseptic intact plantlet and plantlet without root have been cultured on 0.3% active carbon-containing solid Murashige and Skoog's medium. The leaves from the six-week-old normal plantlet contained similar amount of ginkgolide B to that of outdoor plant leaves, while the plantlets without root had less than 30% of the ginkgolide B compared to the in vitro intact plantlets. The results suggest that the ginkgolides may be synthesized in the root and transported to the aerial part.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.18-22
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• 2017

Inevitable immobilization after surgery on lower extremities can induce chronic constipation. Elderly diabetic women usually express ambiguous gastrointestinal symptoms and signs. We present here a case of panperitonitis developed from severe fecal impaction in an elderly diabetic woman after hand reconstruction using material harvested from the lower extremities. A 68-year-old diabetic female underwent anterolateral thigh free flap and wound revision twice on the left thumb. Three weeks after surgery, she complained about mild abdominal pain though she had daily defecation. Despite encouraging ambulation, her compliance was low. Resection of the sigmoid colon and colostomy were performed after diagnosis with bowel perforation. However, the patient went into septic shock and died with multiorgan failure after the guardians issued a DNR (do not resuscitate) order. For preventing bowel perforation, increased uptake of dietary fiber and early ambulation postoperatively should be encouraged, after even hand surgeries.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.445-449
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• 2005

Objective : This study is performed to evaluate the clinical manifestations and prognostic factors among patients with pyogenic spinal infections. Methods : The records and radiologic data of 27 patients treated between 2001 and 2003 were retrospectively evaluated. Results : All patients [mean age, 55.2yrs] were treated with i.v. antibiotics and 13[48.1%] required surgical treatment. Mean follow up duration was 38.9 weeks. The sixteen patients[59.2%] had previous surgical procedure on spine and six patients[22.0%] had local injections. The ten patients had predisposing factor [such as, diabetes mellitus, UTI, liver cirrhosis, septic condition]. The most common symptoms are lower back pain and motor weakness. Causative organisms determined only in ten patients[37%] and Staphylococcus aureus[50%] was most common. C-reactive protein[CRP] and white blood cell[WBC] count were more correlated with clinical outcome than erythrocyte sedimentation rate[ESR]. Conclusion : CRP and WBC level can be significant parameters of treatment and prognosis in pyogenic spinal infection.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.185-187
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• 1997

Acquired tracheal dilatation is a state of abnormal tracheal dilatation developing from various causes. Tracheomalacia and tracheal dilatation can develop in respiratory distress patients with prolonged endotracheal intubation with assisted positive-pressure ventilation due to positive airway pressure and high cuff pressure. The authors have recently experienced one case of respiratory failure, cardiac arrest, and whole body emphysema after tracheostomy and portex tube insertion were performed to patient with the endotracheal intubation with assisted positive-pressure ventilation for two weeks in the septic shock resulted from colon perforation, who developed tracheal dilatation. We summarize diagnostic and therapeutic strategies of acquired tracheal dilatation for the prevention of emergency status and the management for that patients.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.82 no.1
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• pp.6-14
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• 2019

Sepsis is a life-threatening condition caused by infection and represents a substantial global health burden. Recent epidemiological studies showed that sepsis mortality rates have decreased, but that the incidence has continued to increase. Although a mortality benefit from early-goal directed therapy (EGDT) in patients with severe sepsis or septic shock was reported in 2001, three subsequent multicenter randomized studies showed no benefits of EGDT versus usual care. Nonetheless, the early administration of antibiotics and intravenous fluids is considered crucial for the treatment of sepsis. In 2016, new sepsis definitions (Sepsis-3) were issued, in which organ failure was emphasized and use of the terms "systemic inflammatory response syndrome" and "severe sepsis" was discouraged. However, early detection of sepsis with timely, appropriate interventions increases the likelihood of survival for patients with sepsis. Also, performance improvement programs have been associated with a significant increase in compliance with the sepsis bundles and a reduction in mortality. To improve sepsis management and reduce its burden, in 2017, the World Health Assembly and World Health Organization adopted a resolution that urged governments and healthcare workers to implement appropriate measures to address sepsis. Sepsis should be considered a medical emergency, and increasing the level of awareness of sepsis is essential.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.189-193
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• 2021

Breast implant insertion is one of the most commonly used methods for breast reconstruction after total mastectomy. However, infection is a common postoperative complication of implant insertion. In most cases, these infections can be managed with antibiotics and supportive therapy. However, severe septic conditions, such as toxic shock syndrome (TSS), can sometimes occur. TSS is an extremely rare but life-threatening complication, for which early diagnosis and proper management play a crucial role in determining patients' outcome. Although only 16 cases of TSS after breast implant insertion have been reported in the literature, most of those cases involved a serious clinical course. The reason for the seriousness of the clinical course of TSS in these cases is that the initial impression and presentation of these patients are nonspecific, and patients can easily be misdiagnosed as having a simple upper respiratory infection, causing the underlying condition to be neglected. Herein, we present two patients who were diagnosed with TSS after receiving breast reconstruction surgery via a silicone implant after total mastectomy. Both patients were misdiagnosed at the initial examination since they showed no local infectious signs on the postoperative wound.

• BMB Reports
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• v.54 no.11
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• pp.545-550
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• 2021

Anisomycin is known to inhibit eukaryotic protein synthesis and has been established as an antibiotic and anticancer drug. However, the molecular targets of anisomycin and its mechanism of action have not been explained in macrophages. Here, we demonstrated the anti-inflammatory effects of anisomycin both in vivo and in vitro. We found that anisomycin decreased the mortality rate of macrophages in cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)- and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute sepsis. It also declined the gene expression of proinflammatory mediators such as inducible nitric oxide synthase, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-1β as well as the nitric oxide and proinflammatory cytokines production in macrophages subjected to LPS-induced acute sepsis. Furthermore, anisomycin attenuated nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation in LPS-induced macrophages, which correlated with the inhibition of phosphorylation of NF-κB-inducing kinase and IκB kinase, phosphorylation and IκBα proteolytic degradation, and NF-κB p65 subunit nuclear translocation. These results suggest that anisomycin prevented acute inflammation by inhibiting NF-κB-related inflammatory gene expression and could be a potential therapeutic candidate for sepsis.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.34-39
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• 2002

This study examined the effect of carbonized wastewoods on purification of waste water. The purification ability of charcoals(lump-shaped, approximately 3×3×3 cm) maded by wood-based material for waste water from a kitchen and septic tank was superior to those of thinned wood. For lump-shaped charcoal, gaps between particles in particleboard, and gaps between fibers in MDF were much more effective than micropore in purification of waste water. After purification test, color of waste water from wood-based material charcoals were much more lighter than thinned wood charcoals. In addition, odors of waste water from both charcoals tended to be decreased.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.65-74
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• 2009

The risk of health impairment due to poor ventilation, fire and explosion by inflammable materials, and other unintended occurrences is always present in dangerous workplaces such as manholes, underground septic tanks, storage tanks and confined areas. Therefore, it a system which can monitor harmful working environment through sensors in workplace on a realtime basis and keep workers safe from the risk is needed. This paper has attempted to design an inference engine to monitor harmful environments in the workplace. The proposed inference engine has a rule-based system structure using JESS. This system is not confined to a particular computing platform and is easily interlocked with OSGi-based middleware.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.353-358
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• 2023

Sepsis and septic shock affect millions of people worldwide each year with high clinical mortality rates. At present, basic research on sepsis has emerged in an endless stream, but there are few effective clinical translation results. Ginseng, a medicinal and edible representative of Araliaceae plants, contains a variety of biologically active compounds including ginsenosides, alkaloids, glycosides, polysaccharides, and polypeptides. Neuromodulation, anticancer activity, blood lipid regulation, and antithrombotic activity have been linked to ginseng treatment. At present, basic and clinical research have suggested various applications of ginseng in sepsis. In view of the different effects of various ginseng components on the pathogenesis of sepsis, and in order to further understand and develop the possible value of ginseng in sepsis, this manuscript reviews the application of various components of ginseng in the treatment of sepsis in recent years.