• Lingua Humanitatis
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.197-217
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• 2001

The literary products of Authors Under the Service of the Army during the Korean War have been neglected on the whole because of the perception that they were little more than war propaganda. The majority of the works (poetry, serial novels, and short stories) Published by these authors in various Army publications such as Junsunmunhak (Literature of the War Front) and Comet, as well as in regular literary periodicals, supports this perception. Most of these works convey simplistic emotions and stereotypes that project untroubled patriotism and strongly antipathetic sentiments against to the Communist North. The appointed leader of this group, Dock-Kyun Choi regarded the pen as another form of weapon to be used against the Communists in the North, and did not shy away from describing in graphic details the atrocities committed by his enemies. But what truly deserves our attention is the fact that many of the same authors who wrote highly propagandistic works also wrote works that can only be described as antiwar. In these works are depicted as faithfully as possible the human sufferings of the war. These works resist and even question the very ideologies that have brought about the conflict, focusing instead on the dark side of the war -the horrifying deaths, the separation of families, and the displacement of people from their homes, How we are to interpret this ambivalence in many of these authors is a task that remains to be carried out. We must approach these works with more seriousness and begin by comparing them with similar products from authors under the service of the Navy and the Air Force during the Korean War.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.83-99
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• 2007

This study examines the joint and splice of wooden structure at Geunjeongjeon Hall of Gyengbok Palace, which was constructed in the late Joseon Dynasty. The scope of the study is on the part of columns, the bracket sets, and the frame structure. This research also deals with the relationship between vortical load and horizontal load. Firstly, the examination of the joint and splice methods between the pillar and penetrating ties is on the joint and splice methods of the outer and corner. Through the investigation, it is verified that the joint methods between pillar and penetrating tie on the outer and corner pillars is the method of Sagal joints(cross joints, 사개맞춤). Joints used between pillar and penetrating tie are dovetailed tenon joints, between columns and Anchogong(안초공), between columns and Choikgong(초익공) are tenon joint(장부맞춤). Secondly, the examination of the joint and splice methods of the bracket set is on that of Salmi and Cheomcha(첨차), and Salmi and Janghyeo(장혀). Joints used between Salmi and Cheomcha, Salmi and Janghyeo are halved joint, and between each Janghyeo are stepped dovetailed splice. It is Cheomcha that is used the Jujang-Cheomcha(주장첨차) on center line. Therefore it is connected with each bracket set, which gets to is the strong system, easy and convenient on the construction of that. Thirdly, the frame structure of wooden architecture in royal palace is consist of purlins and beams, Janghyeo(장혀, timber under purlin), tall columns, king posts, etc. Through the investigation, it is verified that the joint and splice methods between purlins and beams are used with the methods of Sungeoteok joint(숭어턱맞춤). It is verified that the joint and splice methods between beams and high columns are used with methods of mortise and tenon joint(장부맞춤), is highly related with tensile force. To reduce the separation of parts, sangi(산지) and tishoi(띠쇠) are used as a counterproposal, which were generally used for architecture in royal Palaces in the late Joseon Dynasty and continued to be used until these days common wooden architecture.

• Plant Journal
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.24-31
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• 2016

Wind-induced vibration is a phenomenon that a struture is oscillated due to wind force such as buffeting, vortex shedding wake and etc., which is one of important characteristics to be considered for design in case that stack has significant slenderness ratio or low natural frequency. International design standards of stack define several criteria for evaluating the suitability of stack design, which describe the required design considerations for each range of design parameters and provide the instruction to verify the stack design against wind-induced vibration simply. However, there is a limitation that they cannot provide quantitative information in case code requirement cannot be satisfied due to constraints of plant space or economical design. In order to overcome the limiation of code, integrated numerical analysis of computational fluid dynamics, harmonic analysis and finite element analysis were proposed to investigate wind-induced vibration for multiple stacks in actual plant. Simulated results of mutual wake interference effect between adjacent stacks were evaluated and compared to the criteria in international standards.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.331-343
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• 2005

Development of hydrogen station system is an important technology to commercialize fuel cells and fuel cell powered vehicles. Generally, hydrogen station consists of hydrogen production process including desulfurizer, reformer, water gas shift (WGS) reactor and pressure swing adsorption (PSA) apparatus, and post-treatment process including compressor, storage and distributer. In this review, we investigate the R&D trends and prospects of hydrogen station in domestic and foreign countries for opening the hydrogen economy society. Indeed, the reforming of fossil fuels for hydrogen production will be essential technology until the ultimate process that may be water hydrolysis using renewable energy source such as solar energy, wind force etc, will be commercialized in the future. Hence, we also review the research trends on unit technologies such as the desulfurization, reforming reaction of fossil fuels, water gas shift reaction and hydrogen separation for hydrogen station applications.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.159-168
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength of the porcelain laminate specimens according to the surface roughness of the cut enamel of human anterior teeth. Flat enamel surfaces were prepared in 30 extracted human anterior teeth with diamond disc which were divided into two groups. Group 1 Coarse enamel surface group prepared with LVS-3 bur. Group 2 Fine enamel surface group prepared with superfine diamond bur. 30 teeth specimens of two group were stored in normal saline during 24 hours. 30 disk - type porcelain laminate specimens with diameter 4mm and thickness 1mm were made and sand - blasted on internal surface which were to cemented on enamel surface. Porcelain laminate specimens were cemented on enamel surface with Choice Veneer System (Bisco Dental, U.S.A) according to manufacture's instructions. All teeth specimens of two groups were manipulated with same method and stored In normal saline before testing. An Universal Testing machine (Model No.UTM-4206,Instron, U.S.A) was used to apply shear loads in the vertical directed, and the force required for separation was recorded with a cross head speed of 3mm/min and 500kg in full scale. The results were as follow ; 1. The mean shear bond strength of coarse surface group was 36.30kg and that of fine surface group was 44.39 kg, but there was no significant difference in breaking strength of two groups(p>0.05).

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.103-113
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the tensile bond strength of composite resin inlays according to the their internal surface treatment and types of luting cement and compared them with the conventional direct resin filling thchnique. Class II cavities were prepared in 50 extracted human molar teeth, and then equally divided into five groups. Group 1 : Cavities of control group were directly filled with P-50. Group 2 : Cavities of resin inlay group were luted with resin cement. Group 3 : Cavities of resin inlay group were luted with luting G-I cement. Group 4 : Cavities of resin inlay group were luted with resin cement after sandblasting. Group 5 : Cavities of resin inlay group were luted with luting G-I cement after sandblasting. All specimens were polished with same method and stored in normal saline for 24 hours before testing. An Universal Testing machine(Model No. AGS-100A, Shimadzu, Japan) was used to apply tensile loads in the vertical direction, and the force required for separation was recorded with a cross-head speed of 5mm/min and 100kg in full scale. The results were as follows : 1. The mean tensile bond strength was lowest in group luted with luting G-I cement, with measurements of $14.45{\pm}0.78(kg/cm^2)$ and highest in group luted with resin cement after sandblasting, with measurements of $49.6{\pm}2.74(kg/cm^2)$. 2. The tensile bond strength was greater in resin inlay groups luted with resin cement than in control group and resin inlay groups luted with luting G-I cement(P<0.05). 3. The tensile bond strength was lower in resin inlay groups luted with luting G-I cement than in control group(P<0.05). 4. The tensile bond strength was greater in resin inlay groups luted with resin cement or luting G-I cement after sandblasting than without that(P<0.05).

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.140-143
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• 2008

Degloving injuries result from the tangential force against the skin surface, with resultant separation of the skin and the subcutaneous tissue from the rigid underlying muscle and fascia. These injuries are associated with extensive soft tissue loss and occasionally with exposure of bone, and they require reconstructive modality for resurfacing and successful rehabilitation that considers the vascular anatomy and the timing of the operation. A 19-year-old male patient was transferred to our facility with degloving injury extending from the lower third of the right thigh to the malleolar area. The tibial bone was exposed to a size of $2{\times}3.5cm^2$ on the upper third of the lower leg at the posttraumatic third day. The exposed soft tissue was healthy, and the patient did not have any other associated disease. At the posttraumatic sixth day, one-stage resurfacing was performed with a medial gastrocnemius muscle flap transposition for the denuded bone and a split-thickness skin graft for the entire raw surface. The transposed gastrocnemius muscle attained its anatomical shape quickly, and the operating time was relatively short. No transfusion was needed. This early reconstruction prevented the accumulation of chronic granulation tissue, which leads to contracture of the wound and joint. The early correction of the gastrocnemius muscle flap transposition made early rehabilitation possible, and the patient recovered a nearly full range of motion at the injured knee joint. The leg contour was almost symmetric at one month postoperatively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2010.02a
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• pp.124-124
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• 2010

Much interest has been focused on InGaN-based materials and their quantum structures due to their optoelectronics applications such as light emitting diode (LED) and photovoltaic devices, because of its high thermal conductivity, high optical efficiency, and direct wide band gap, in spite of their high density of threading dislocations. Build-in internal field-induced quantum-confined Stark effect in InGaN/GaN quantum well LED structures results in a spatial separation of electrons and holes, which leads to a reduction of radiative recombination rate. Therefore, many growth techniques have been developed by utilizing lateral over-growth mode or by inserting additional layers such as patterned layer and superlattices for reducing threading dislocations and internal fields. In this work, we investigated various characteristics of InGaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) LED structures grown on selectively wet-etched porous (SWEP) GaN template layer and compared with those grown on non-porous GaN template layer over c-plane sapphire substrates. From the surface morphology measured by atomic force microscope, high resolution X-ray diffraction analysis, low temperature photoluminescence (PL) and PL excitation measurements, good structural and optical properties were observed on both LED structures. However, InGaN MQWs LED structures grown on SWEP GaN template layer show relatively low In composition, thin well width, and blue shift of PL spectra on MQW emission. These results were explained by rough surface of template layer, reduction of residual compressive stress, and less piezoelectric field on MQWs by utilizing SWEP GaN template layer. Better electrical properties were also observed for InGaN MQWs on SWEP GaN template layer, specially at reverse operating condition for I-V measurements.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.494-500
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• 2008

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of hyaluronic acid-carboxymethylcellulose membrane (GUARDIX-$MB^{(R)}$) barriers on prevention against post-operative peritoneal adhesions. In this study, fourteen mongrel dogs were divided into two experimental groups: 0.1 % hyaluronic acid (0.1HA) group and hyaluronic acidcarboxymethylcellulose membrane (HA-CMC) group. In order to induce adhesions, the anti-mesenteric serosa of the ileum was exteriorized and then abraded in a standard manner by scraping with a scalpel blade to create homogenous petechial hemorrhagic surface over a $1\;{\times}\;1cm$ area. Solution of 0.1HA were simply coated over the abraded tissues, $1.5\;{\times}\;1.5cm$ HA-CMC membrane was placed over the abraded tissues, allowed to spread across the intra-abdominal organs before closure of the abdomen. On day 1 before and day 1, 4, 7, 14, and 21 after operation, venous blood specimens were collected for measurement of fibrinogen and total WBC. The adhesions were blindly assessed 3 weeks later by using a computerized tensiometer. The fibrinogen and total WBC values of two groups showed no statistical significances. The mean tensile strength (gram force, gf) of formed adhesions day 21 after surgery was $88.1\;{\pm}\;55.70gf$ in the 0.1 % HA group and $24.8\;{\pm}\;22.69gf$ in the HA-CMC group. The tensile strength values of adhesion separation HA-CMC membrane group was significantly lower than the 0.1HA group (p<0.05). Therefore, we suggest that HACMC membrane reduce peritoneal adhesions may be applicable to preventing post-operative intraperitoneal adhesions in dogs.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.262-270
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• 1987

A numerical method is presented which can solve the unsteady momentum and thermal boundary layers, coupled through the agency of buoyancy force, over a heated circular cylinder impulsively started from rest. By linearizing the nonlinear finite difference equations without sacrificing accuracy, numerical solutions are obtained at each time step without iteration. To get rid of the requirement of excessive number of grid points in the region of reversed flow, special form of transformed variables are used, by which the computational boundary layer thickness is maintained almost constant. These numerical properties enable the method to easily handle the region of reversed flow and how the singularity develops in the interior of the boundary layer. In order to investigated the thermal effects on the skin friction, heat flux, displacement thickness and on the separation, we have successfully solved three different cases of the buoyancy parameter .alpha.(Gr/Re$^{2}$).