• 제목/요약/키워드: Separated soil

검색결과 254건 처리시간 0.032초

한국(韓國) 자생차엽(自生茶葉)의 향기성분(香氣成分) (Volatile Components of Korean Native Tea Leaves (Camellia sinensis O. Kuntze))

  • 박장현
    • 한국토양비료학회지
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    • 제30권3호
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    • pp.295-300
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    • 1997
  • 12개 지역의 한국자생차 향기성분을 기체크로마토그래프 및 질량분광계를 이용하여 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 다엽중의 향기성분으로 70~80개 성분을 GC를 이용해 분리할수 있었고, 그중 52개 성분은 GC/MSD로 동정하였는데, 이들을 분류하면 alcohol류 19종, aldehyde류 5종, hydrocarbon류 2종, ketone류 6종, ester류 4종, lactone류 3종, acid류 2종, phenol류 3종, pyrazine류 4종, 그리고 질소화합물 4종이였다. 이중 geraniol, linalool oxide, 1-hexanol, ehtanol등이 주요 향기 성분이었다.

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연약지반조사를 위한 전기비저항 탄성파 Flat DMT 장비의 개발 및 적용 (Development of Resistivity Seismic Flat Dilatometer Testing System for Characterizing Soft Soil Site)

  • 방은석;성낙훈;김영상;박삼규;김정호;김동수
    • 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국지구물리탐사학회 2007년도 공동학술대회 논문집
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    • pp.251-256
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    • 2007
  • The aim of this paper is development of resistivity seismic dilatometer (RSDMT) system. The resistivity module for obtaining apparent resistivity depth plot and seismic module for obtaining shear wave velocity (Vs) depth plot are attached to the conventional flat dilatometer testing equipment. From shear wave velocity profile, the stiffness at low strains of a site can be evaluated in undisturbed condition. And the resistivity value contains some information about water content and mineral characteristics of clayey soil. Specially manufactured resistivity and seismic modules were connected between commercialized DMT blade and drilling rod. To enhance reliability and repeatability of RSDMT test, automatic testing system including notebook based data acquisition system and automatic surface source system were developed. RSDMT system can be performed rapidly and can obtaine more reliable data at the same point compared with the separated testing system. The verification studies for the developed RSDMT system are going to be performed. From these studies, the effectiveness of integrated hybrid testing system will be checked in light of proper evaluation of geotechnical design parameters of clayey soils.

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Use of Stable Isotope Probing in Selectively Isolating Target Microbial Community Genomes from Environmental Samples for Enhancing Resolution in Ecotoxicological Assessment

  • Park, Joonhong;Congeevaram, Shankar;Ki, Dong-Won;Tiedje, James M.
    • Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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    • 제2권1호
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    • pp.11-14
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    • 2006
  • In this study we attempted to develop a novel genomic method to selectively isolate target functional microbial genomes from environmental samples. For this purpose, stable isotope probing (SIP) was applied in selectively isolating organic pollutant-assimilating populations. When soil microbes were fed with $^{13}C-labeled $ biphenyl, biphenyl-utilizing cells were incorporated with the heavy carbon isotope. The heavy DNA portion was successfully separated by CsCl equilibrium density gradient. And the diversity in the heavy DNA was sufficiently reduced, being suitable for the current DNA microarray techniques to detect biphenyl-utilizing populations in the soil. In addition, we proposed a new way to get more genetic information by combining this SIP method with selective metagenomic approach. The increased selective power of these new DNA isolation methods will be expected to provide a good quality of new genetic information, which, in turn, will result in development of a variety of biomarkers that may be used in assessing ecotoxicology issues including the impacts of organic hazards, and antibiotic-resistant pathogens on human and ecological systems.

Genetic Variation of Strawberry Fusarium Wilt Pathogen Population in Korea

  • Cho, Gyeongjun;Kwak, Youn-Sig
    • Mycobiology
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    • 제50권1호
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    • pp.79-85
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    • 2022
  • Strawberries are a popular economic crop, and one of the major plantations and exporting countries is Korea in the world. The Fusarium oxysporum species complex (FOSC) is a soil-borne pathogen with genetic diversity, resulting in wilt disease in various crops. In Korea, strawberries wilt disease was first reported in the 1980s due to the infection of FOSC, causing significant economic damage every year. The causal agent, F. oxysporum f. sp. fragariae, is a soil-borne pathogen with a characteristic of FOSC that is difficult to control chemically and mutates easily. This study obtained genetic polymorphism information that was based on AFLP, of F. oxysporum f. sp. fragariae 91 strains, which were isolated from strawberry cultivation sites in Gyeongsangnam-do and Chungcheongnam-do, and compared strains information, which was the isolated location, host variety, response to chemical fungicide, and antagonistic bacteria, and mycelium phenotype. As a result, AFLP phylogeny found that two groups were mainly present, and group B was present at a high frequency in Gyeongsangnam-do. Group B proved less sensitive to tebuconazole than group A through Student's t-test. In addition, the fractions pattern of AFLP was calculated by comparing the strain information using PCA and PERMANOVA, and the main criteria were separated localization and strawberry varieties (PERMANOVA; p< 0.05). And tebuconazole was different with weak confidence (PERMANOVA; p< 0.10). This study suggests that the F. oxysporum f. sp. fragariae should be continuously monitored and managed, including group B, which is less chemically effective.

오이 시설재배에서 키토산 처리가 토양 미생물상에 미치는 효과 (Effect of Chitosan on Microbial Community in Soils Planted with Cucumber under Protected Cultivation)

  • 박기춘;장태현
    • 원예과학기술지
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    • 제30권3호
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    • pp.261-269
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    • 2012
  • 오이시설하우스 토양에 키토산의 분말과 액상을 처리하여 90일, 160일 및 200일이 경과한 후에 인지질지방산을 추출하여 토양 미생물상 구성 및 토양 미생물의 생리적 지표를 분석하였다. 확인된 총지방산을 주요인 분석으로 분석한 결과 키토산 처리 후 90일에 키토산 분말 처리구는 PC(주요인)1 대하여 키토산을 처리하지 않은 대조구와 완전히 구분되었고, 키토산 용액 처리구는 PC2 모두에 대하여 대조구와 뚜렷이 구분되었다. 키토산 분말 처리 후 160일에 대조구와 비교하여 키토산 분말 처리구는 PC2에 대하여 완전히 구분되었지만 키토산 용액 처리구는 PC1과 PC2 모두에 대하여 뚜렷이 구분되지 못하였다. 키토산 처리 후 200일에는 PC1과 PC2 모두에 대하여 처리 간 차이가 없었다. 지표 지방산을 이용한 미생물군과 생리적 지표의 차이를 보면, 키토산을 토양에 처리한 후 90일에는 토양미생물군에 미치는 효과가 나타나지 않았지만, 곰팡이/세균 비율은 키토산 용액 처리구에서 유의성 있게 증가하였다. 키토산 처리 후 160일은 균근이 키토산 분말 처리구에서 증가하였다. 세균은 그램 음성균/그램 양성균 비율이 키토산 용액 처리구에서 증가하였고, cyclo-지방산/전구체 비율은 대조구가 키토산 분말 처리구보다 높았다. 곰팡이/세균 비율은 키토산 처리구 모두가 통계적으로 유의성 있게 높았다. 키토산 처리 후 200일 조사에서 호기성균/혐기성균 세균의 비율이 키토산 분말 처리구가 키토산 용액 처리구보다 높았고, 포화지방산/불포화지방산 비율은 키토산 용액 처리구가 키토산 분말 처리구보다 통계적으로 유의성 있게 높았다. 키토산은 처리 후 160일까지 토양 미생물상을 변화시켰으며 분말에서 효과가 컸다. 미생물 생리적 지표에 미치는 키토산의 영향은 처리 160일 이후에 나타나기 시작하여 200일까지 나타났다.

군사격장 오염토양 내 고농도 중금속함유 입자의 기초특성연구 (Characterization of Heavy Metal-enriched Particles from Contaminated Soils in a Military Shooting Range)

  • 김지은;김정진;배범한;김영훈
    • 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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    • 제14권11호
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    • pp.25-31
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    • 2013
  • 민간 및 군용사격장은 납, 구리 등의 중금속으로 오염되어 있어 복원이 필요한 경우가 많다. 산세척 또는 용출제를 이용한 용출이 흔히 사용되는 복원공법이다. 사격장 오염토양을 채취하여 오염특성 및 고비중 입자의 기여율을 조사하기 위한 기초연구를 수행하였다. 사격장 오염토양은 중금속, 특히 납으로 오염되어 있었으며, Ethylenediamine Tetra Acetic Acid(EDTA)를 이용한 5회 반복추출에도 환경기준치 이상의 오염이 토양시료에 남아 있었다. 이는 토양시료에 계속적으로 오염을 유출하는 입자가 존재하거나 오염제거가 매우 어려운 상태로 오염이 존재한다는 것을 의미한다. 토양시료에 포함된 색을 띠는 특이입자를 분리하여 분석한 결과 이들 입자는 비중이 2.5-6.6이고, 납과 EDTA의 결합율이 4.9-32%로 탄두 및 탄피가 잘게 부서진 입자로 판단되었다. 이들 입자를 제거한 토양은 오염도가 제거하기 전 토양에 비하여 낮으며, 용출 등의 기술로 쉽게 오염이 제거될 수 있음을 보여주었다. 이러한 결과는 연속추출 및 TCLP 등의 연구에서 증명되었다.

토양으로부터 genomic DNA의 효과적인 분리 (Improved Genomic DNA Isolation from Soil)

  • 강주형;김보혜;이선이;김영진;이준원;박영민;안순철
    • 생명과학회지
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    • 제15권6호
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    • pp.851-856
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    • 2005
  • Although valuable microbes have been isolated from the soil for the various productions of useful components, the microbes which can be cultivated in the laboratory are only $0.1-1\%$ of all microbes. To solve this problem, the study has recently been tried for making the valuable components from the environment by directly separating unculturable micrbial DNA in the soil. But it is known that humic acid originated from the soil interrupts various restriction enzymes and molecular biological process. Thus, in order to prevent these problems, this study modified the method separated soil DNA with phenol, CTAB and PEG. In order to compare the degree of purity for each DNA and the molecular biological application process, $A_{260}/A_{280}$ ratio, restriction enzymes, and PCR were performed. In case of DNA by the modified method, total yield of DNA was lower but $A_{260}/A_{280}$ ratio was higher than the previously reported methods. It was confirmed that the degree of purity is improved by the modified method. But it was not cut off by all kinds of tested restriction enzymes because of the operation of a very small amount of interrupting substances. When PCR was operated with each diluted DNA in different concentrations and GAPDH primer, the DNA by the modified method could be processed for PCR in the concentration of 100 times higher than by the previously reported separation method. Therefore, this experiment can find out the possibility of utilization for the unknown substances by effectively removing the harmful materials including humic acid and help establishing metagenomic DNA library from the soil DNA having the high degree of purity.

공주제일광산 수계에 분포하는 지하수, 지표수, 토양 및 퇴적물의 환경지구화학적 특성과 중금속 오염 (Environmental Geochemistry and Heavy Matel Contamination of Ground and Surface Water, Soil and Sediment at the Kongjujuil Mine Creek, Korea)

  • 이찬희
    • 자원환경지질
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    • 제32권6호
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    • pp.611-631
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    • 1999
  • Enviromental geochemisty and heary metal contamination at the Kongjueil mine creek were underaken on the basis of physicohemical properties and mineralogy for various kinds of water (surface, mine and ground water),soil, precipitate and sediment collected of April and December in 1998. Hydrgeochemical composition of the water samples are characterized by relatively significant enricant of Ca+Na, alkiali ions $NO_3$ and Cl inground and surfore water, wheras the mine waters are relatively eneripheral water of the mining creek have the characteristics of the (Ca+Mg)-$(HCO_3+SO_4)$type. The pH of the mine water is high acidity (3.24)and high EC (613$\mu$S/cm)compared with those of surface and ground water. The range of $\delta$D and $\delta^{18}O$ values (relative to SMOW) in the waters are shpwn in -50.2 to -61.6% and -7.0 to -8.6$\textperthousand$(d value=5.8 to 8.7). Using computer program, saturation index of albite, calcite, dolomite in mine water are nearly saturated. The gibbiste, kaolinite and smectite are superaturated in the surface and ground water, respectively. Calculated water-mineral reaction and stabilities suggest that weathing of silicate minerals may be stable kaolinite owing to the continuous water-rock reaction. Geochemical modeling showed that mostly toxic heavy metals may exist larfely in the from of metal-sulfate $(MSO_4\;^2)$and free metal $(M^{2+})$ in nmine water. These metals in the ground and surface water could be formed of $CO_3$ and OH complex ions. The average enrichment indices of water samples are 2.72 of the groundwater, 2.26 of the surface water and 14.15 of the acid mine water, normalizing by surface water composition at the non-mining creek, repectively. Characteristics of some major, minor and rate earth elements (Al/Na, K/Na, V/Ni, Cr/V, Ni/Co, La/Ce, Th/Yb, $La_N/Yb_N$, Co/Th, La/Sc and Sc/Th) in soil and sediment are revealed a narrow range and homogeneous compositions may be explained by acidic to intermediate igneous rocks. And these suggested that sediment source of host granitic gneiss colud be due to rocks of high grade metamorphism originated by sedimentary rocks. Maximum concentrations of environmentally toxic elements in sediment and soil are Fe=53.80 wt.% As=660, Cd=4, Cr=175, Cu=158, Mn=1010, Pb=2933, Sb=4 and Zn=3740 ppm, and extremely high concentrations are found are found in the subsurface soil near the ore dump and precipitates. Normalizing by composition of host granitic gneiss, the average enerichment indices are 3.72 of the sediments, 3.48 of the soils, 10.40 of the precipitates of acid mine drainage and 6.25 of the soils near the main adit. The level of enerichment was very severe in mining drainage sediments, while it was not so great in the soils. mineral composition of soil and sediment near the mining area were partly variable being composed of quartz, mica, feldspar, chlorite, vermiculite, bethierin and clay minerals. reddish variable being composed of quartz, mica, feldspar, chlorite, vermiculite, bethierin and clay minerals. Reddish brown precipitation mineral in the acid mine drainage identifies by schwertmanite. From the separated mineralgy, soil and sediment are composed of some pyrite, arsenopyite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, malachite, goethite and various kinds of hydroxied minerals.

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활엽수림과 침엽수림 부식토 내 세균군집의 계통학적 특성 비교 (Comparison of Phylogenetic Characteristics of Bacterial Populations in a Quercus and Pine Humus Forest Soil)

  • 한송이;조민혜;황경숙
    • 미생물학회지
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    • 제44권3호
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    • pp.237-243
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    • 2008
  • 충남 계룡산 북사면 지역의 대표군락인 상수리림과 소나무림 부식토의 화학적 및 미생물학적 특성을 비교검토한 결과, 상수리림 부식토의 pH는 $5.3\pm0.4$, 소나무림의 pH는 $4.1\pm0.9$이었으며, 소나무림 부식토 내 탄질율은 $21.76\pm8%$로 상수리림보다 높게 나타났다. 상수리림과 소나무림 부식토 내 총 유기산은 각각 69.57 mM/g dry soil, 153.72 mM/g dry soil로 나타났으며 소나무림 부식토 내 glutamine, pyruvate, succinate, lactic acid 및 acetic acid의 함량이 상수리림 부식토에 비해 약 $1.5\sim4.5$배 높게 나타났다. 상수리림 부식토 내 전세균수는 소나무림 보다 약 16배, 생균수는 약 2배 높게 검출되었다. 각 부식토로부터 직접 DNA를 추출하여 16S rRNA-ARDRA법에 의한 세균군집의 계통학적 특성을 평가한 결과, 상수리림 부식토로부터 분리된 대표 clone은 ${\alpha}-$, ${\beta}-$, ${\gamma}-$, ${\delta}$-Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Acidobacteria 및 Actinobacteria의 7개 계통군이 확인되었고, 소나무림 부식토외 대표 clone은 ${\alpha}-$, ${\beta}-$, ${\gamma}$-Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Planctomycetes, Verrucomicrobia 그리고 Bacteroidetes의 8개의 계통군이 확인되었다. Shannon-Wiener법에 의해 다양성 지수를 산출한 결과, 소나무림 부식토 내 세균군집의 다양도는 3.63으로 상수리림보다 높게 나타났으며 PCA 분석을 실시한 결과, Clusters I에 속하는 모든 clone은 상수리림 부식토에서 유래된 clone이었으며, Clusters II에 속하는 clone의 67%, Clusters III에 속하는 clone의 63%가 소나무림 부식층 토양으로부터 유래된 clone으로 확인되어 상수리림과 소나무림 부식토내 세균 군집구조는 매우 특징적인 계통학적 특성을 나타내었다.

Evaluation of the Diversity of Cyclodextrin-Producing Paenibacillus graminis Strains Isolated from Roots and Rhizospheres of Different Plants by Molecular Methods

  • Vollu Renata Estebanez;Fogel Rafael;Santos Silvia Cristina Cunha dos;Mota Fabio Faria da;Seldin Lucy
    • Journal of Microbiology
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    • 제44권6호
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    • pp.591-599
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    • 2006
  • To address the diversity of cyclodextrin-producing P. graminis strains isolated from wheat roots and rhizospheres of maize and sorghum sown in Australia, Brazil, and France, restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of part of genes encoding RNA polymerase (rpoB-RFLP) and DNA gyrase subunit B (gyrB-RFLP) was used to produce genetic fingerprints. A phylogenetic tree based on rpoB gene sequences was also constructed. The isolates originated from Brazil could be separated from those from Australia and France, when data from the rpoB-based phylogenetic tree or gyrB-RFLP were considered. These analyses also allowed the separation of all P. graminis strains studied here into four clusters; one group formed by the strains GJK201 and $RSA19^T$, second group formed by the strains MC22.02 and MC04.21, third group formed by the strains TOD61, TOD 221, TOD302, and TOD111, and forth group formed by all strains isolated from plants sown in Cerrado soil, Brazil. As this last group was formed by strains isolated from sorghum and maize sown in the same soil (Cerrado) in Brazil, our results suggest that the diversity of these P. graminis strains is more affected by the soil type than the plant from where they have been isolated.