• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.120-126
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• 2009

As the information age grows rapidly, the amount of digital texts has been increasing as well. It has brought an increasing of visualization case in order to figure out lots of digital texts. Existing visualized design of digital text is merely concentrating on figuration of subject word through adoption of stemming algorithm and word frequency extraction, prominence of meaning of text, and connection in between sentences. So it is a fact that expression of rhythm that can visualize sentimental feeing of digital text was insufficient. Syllable is a phoneme unit that can express rhythm more efficiently. In sentences, syllable is a most basic pronunciation unit in pronouncing word, phase and sentence. On this basis, accent, intonation, length of rhythm factor and others are based on syllable. Sonority, which is most closely associated with definitions of syllable, is expressed through air flow of igniting lung and acoustic energy that is specified kinetic energy into sonority. Seen from this perspective, this study examines phonologic definition and characteristics based on syllable, which is properties of digital text, and research the way to visualize rhythm through diagram. After converting digital text into phonetic symbol by the experiment, rhythm information are visualized into images using degree of resonance, which was started from rhythm in all languages, and using syllable establishment of digital text. By visualizing syllable information, it provides syllable information of digital text and express sentiment of digital text through diagram to assist user's understanding by systematic formula. Therefore, this study is aimed at planning for easy understanding of text's rhythm and realizing visualization of digital text.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.155-194
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• 2009

The Korean economy successfully overcame the macroeconomic downturns driven from the Asian financial crisis in a very short period of time. The economic shock, however, generated a variety of social problems, one of which was the increase in felonies (homicides, robbery, rape, and arson), or degradation of public safety. We argue that the Korean criminal policy has not been effective to ameliorate the rising trends in crime caused by the financial crisis. In order to substantiate this claim, we assess the effectiveness of criminal policy: policing, sentencing, and corrections. First, there has been resource shortage in policing since the 1997 financial crisis. For the past ten years, the investment of human resource and budget in the police has been virtually stagnant, as well as in prosecutors' investigation activities. The insufficient resource allocation in policing caused a huge decline in arrest rates and prosecution rates. Second, the Korean judicial system has not increased the severity of punishment. Comparing the pre- and the post-financial crisis period, the average length of prison sentence by the courts has declined. Given the degrading in the quality of crime and the decreasing amount of inputs into the policing and prosecution, the government should have increased the severity of punishment to deter crime. Third, we found that the government hired more officers and allocated larger budget into prison and probation. However, it is difficult to suggest that the increased level of resources in correctional programs have been effective in preventing released prisoners from committing future crimes. This is because the number of repeat offenders convicted of more than a third offense increased dramatically since 1997, pushing felonies upward. In sum, the government organizations failed to respond respectively or to make coordinated actions, eventually causing a dramatic increase in crimes. This research brings explicit policy implications. In order to prevent possible additional degradation of public safety, the government must put more efforts into increasing the effectiveness of policy and to investing more resources into said policies. We also emphasize the importance of the institutional mechanisms which foster policy coordination among the Police, the Prosecutor's Office, the Ministry of Justice, and other relevant government organizations.

• Korean Journal of Child Education & Care
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.49-63
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• 2018

The objective of this study is to understand the effects of storybook making activity based on masterpiece appreciation on the language expression and picture appreciation ability of young children. Targeting 47 five year-old children of S & A kindergartens in Gwangju Metropolitan City, they were randomly assigned like 23 children for experimental group and 24 for comparative group. The experimental group performed the storybook making activity based on masterpiece appreciation for four sessions within 12 weeks while the comparative group expressed their feelings and thought into painting after appreciating masterpieces during the same period of time. Using SPSS 18.0 Program for the collected data, t-test was conducted for differences in the results of language expression and picture appreciation ability. The results of this study are as follows. First, the storybook making activity based on masterpiece appreciation had significant effects on the whole language expression except for sentence length, and it improved the language expression of young children. Second, the storybook making activity based on masterpiece appreciation had significant effects on the overall picture appreciation ability, and it improved the picture appreciation ability of young children. Such results imply that the whole process of appreciating masterpieces and making/appreciating storybook by expressing pre/post stories of painting into writing and drawing would be an effective teaching/learning method for the improvement of language expression and picture appreciation ability of young children.

• Journal of KIISE
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.451-458
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• 2015

Previous multimodal learning methods focus on problem-solving aspects, such as image and video search and tagging, rather than on knowledge acquisition via content modeling. In this paper, we propose the Multimodal Concept Hierarchy (MuCH), which is a content modeling method that uses a cartoon video dataset and a character-based subtitle generation method from the learned model. The MuCH model has a multimodal hypernetwork layer, in which the patterns of the words and image patches are represented, and a concept layer, in which each concept variable is represented by a probability distribution of the words and the image patches. The model can learn the characteristics of the characters as concepts from the video subtitles and scene images by using a Bayesian learning method and can also generate character-based subtitles from the learned model if text queries are provided. As an experiment, the MuCH model learned concepts from 'Pororo' cartoon videos with a total of 268 minutes in length and generated character-based subtitles. Finally, we compare the results with those of other multimodal learning models. The Experimental results indicate that given the same text query, our model generates more accurate and more character-specific subtitles than other models.

• The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.23-31
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• 2018

Objective : Purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of depression and self - efficacy on the quality of life of the elderly hospitalized in a nursing hospital and to suggest a new direction for improving the quality of life of the elderly. Methods : The target was 212 senior citizens who were hospitalized at a nursing hospital located in K city in North Gyeongsang Province. The questionnaire was structured by adding the characteristics of the subjects, the Korean Senior Depression Index (GDS-K), the Self-effective Index (WHQOL-BRFA), and the World Health Organization's Life-Enhanced scale. coded using SPSS ver.18, the depression, self-efficiency, and quality of life differences according to the general characteristics (t-test, ANOVA), and Self-efficacy, depression, and the correlation coefficient between quality of life and A multI-sentence analysis to see the impact of depression and self-efficacy on the quality of life. Results : Self - efficacy and depression according to subject characteristics were different according to length of stay, and quality of life was different in religion. The correlation between depression, self - efficacy, and quality of life of admitted elderly showed statistically significant negative correlation (p <.01) with depression in both the quality of life and self - efficacy sub - variables. The depression and the self - efficacy of the elderly had the greatest effect on the quality of life. The variables were depression (${\beta}=-.328$), social efficacy (${\beta}=.248$), and physical efficacy (${\beta}=.193$). Conclusion : In order to improve the quality of life of the elderly, it will be necessary to provide and develop medical care services that reduce depression and improve self - efficacy (physical and social).

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.71-82
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• 2021

Learning efficiency can be maximized by careful matching of text features to expected reader features (i.e., linguistic and cognitive abilities, and background knowledge). The present study aims to explore whether this systematic principle is reflected in the development of science textbooks. The current study examined science textbook texts on 20 measures provided by Auto-Kohesion, a Korean language analysis tool. In addition to surface-level features (basic counts, word-related measures, syntactic complexity measures) which have been commonly used in previous text analysis studies, the present study included cohesion-related features as well (noun overlap ratios, connectives, pronouns). The main findings demonstrate that the surface measures (e.g., word and sentence length, word frequency) overall increased in complexity with grade levels, whereas the majority of the other measures, particularly cohesion-related measures, did not systematically vary across grade levels. The current results suggest that students of lower grades are expected to experience learning difficulties and lowered motivation due to the challenging texts. Textbooks are also not likely to be suitable for students of higher grades to develop the ability to process difficulty level texts required for higher education. The current study suggests that various text-related features including cohesion-related measures need to be carefully considered in the process of textbook development.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.116-124
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to examine the vertical and horizontal continuity between grades and publishers, respectively, by analyzing the readability of reading passages included in English textbooks for 5th and 6th grades of elementary school. In order to do so, a corpus was constructed with the reading passages contained in 10 textbooks, and the reading passages in each textbook were analyzed through Coh-Metrix. Also, it was examined whether there was a statistically significant difference between grades and publishers in readability through one-way ANOVA. The results are as follows. First, as a result of analyzing the difference in readability between publishers within the same grade, there was a statistically significant difference between fifth-grade textbooks in the L2 readability index. Second, as a result of analyzing the vertical continuity between grades within the publisher, the difficulty of textbook A was higher in grade 6 than grade 5 based on FRE and FKGL, which showed a statistically significant difference. On the other hand, when L2 readability was used as the standard, the difficulty of textbook B was lower in 6th grade than in 5th grade. This result seems to be because FRE and FKGL calculate readability based on sentence and word length, whereas L2 readability is based on content word overlap, word frequency, and syntactic similarity of sentences.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.106-117
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• 2022

This study analyzes the characteristics of the "Conclusions" section of a thesis in elementary science education and presents a conclusion model that can be used in elementary science education. In the "Elementary Science Education" journal published by the Elementary Science Education Association, the conclusion section was analyzed on the four-year academic papers published. First, the title of the concluding chapter and the number of conclusions frequently used in elementary science education were identified. Results showed that most commonly used title for the conclusion section was "Conclusion and Suggestion," and the length of the section was 85.4 lines or 2.1 pages.. Then, as a result of analyzing the conclusions of elementary science journals in sentence units, we found stages as a kind of semantic unit frequently used in elementary science education papers. Further, we obtained that these stages are often used in connection with specific stages. Finally, a conclusion template for papers commonly used in elementary science education was presented. The results of this study can be used as basic data when drafting elementary science education papers. Furthermore, specific thesis regarding education plans and educational materials might be prepared for elementary science education graduate students based on the present results.