• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.281-287
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• 2014

An olfactory organ in Scartelaos gigas, so-called mudskipper known as adaptation to an amphibious lifestyle, was investigated anatomically and histologically. S. gigas possessed the paired olfactory organ comprising respectively the one elongated canal and two nasal sacs, lacrimal and ethmoidal nasal sac. The sensory epithelium developed partly in the canal contained four distinct types of cells: (1) receptor cell with 3 to 4 cilia in number, (2) supporting, (3) basal, (4) mucus cell. The sensory epithelium was also of transitional layer as multi cellularity structure. The non-sensory epithelium had no sensory elements. The two nasal sacs possessed typically a lot of mucin droplets. These results might be considered that anatomical structure and histological characters of the olfactory organ showing in S. gigas is adapted to semi-aquatic life associated with its ecological habit and habitat.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.64-74
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• 2002

The SSEP(SomatoSensory Evoke Potentials) test is a valid and repeatable technique which correlates with clinically assessed joint position & vibration sense, skin touch & pressure sense. Also SSEP study is a simple and quantitative test, and has been used to evaluate the sensoty system along the somatosensory pathway from peripheral sensory receptor to the cortex. The ascending pathway of SSEP has been know to be posterior column-lemniscal pathway, but not without controversy. There are two kind of test mathods : one of test is median nerve SSEP and other test is posterior tibial nerve SSEP. Recently, SSEP used to performed to evaluate the usefulness of dermatomal SSEP(D-SSEP) and segmental SSEP(5-SSEP) for the diagnosis of lumbasacral radiculopathy, and it can be measure of ingual ahd palatine evoked potentials & indicator of medullary function useful for the diagnosis of brain death.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.183-189
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• 2006

The fine structural characteristics of the antennal sensory organs of a female millipede, Orthomorphella pekuensis, were observed with field emission scanning electron microscopy. On the surface of the antenna, four basic types of sensory receptor with the function of either mechanical or olfactory reception are identified in this female millipede. Of these, chaetiform sensilla (CS) and trichoid sensilla (TS) are related to mechanical reception, and four large apical cone sensilla (AS) and three subtypes of basiconic sensilla ($BS_1,\;BS_2,\;BS_3$) are likely to function in olfactory reception, as these receptors have porous structure commonly. Although this millipede also possess a number of primary or secondary sexual characters to improve the efficiency of reproduction, we could not observe their prominent sexually dimorphic characters in the antennal sensilla with the exception of minor structural and numerical differences.

• CELLMED
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.2.1-2.9
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• 2023

CPS219, a new concept compound composed of coffee (CO), Pueraria Tomsonii flower (PF), and Sambou bamboo salt^TM (BS), was developed as a coffee beverage to alleviate menopausal symptoms. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the anti-oxidant and menopausal alleviating effects of CPS219 combined as the optimal ratio of each component selected through sensory evaluation and blind consumer test. For CPS219, the optimal ratio of CO, PF, and BS was determined to be 1:0.1:0.017 through various sensory evaluations and blind consumer tests. CPS219 significantly enhanced the superoxide dismutase-like activity compared to the CO or CO plus PF (CP). The proliferation of MCF-7 cells was considerably increased after 24 hours by treatment with CO, CP, or CPS219, but only CPS219 significantly boosted the proliferation of MCF-7 cells after 48 hours. Moreover, CPS219 had an estrogen-like effect by dramatically increasing the expression of estrogen receptor-β mRNA in MCF-7 cells but not CO and CP. Treatment of MCF-7 cells with CO, CP, or CPS219 did not cause any cytotoxicity. In conclusion, these findings imply that anti-oxidant and estrogen-like properties of CPS219 can be used to prevent and cure postmenopausal symptoms.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.331-338
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• 2017

Regulation of feeding is essential for animal survival. The pharyngeal sense organs can act as a second checkpoint of food quality, due to their position between external taste organs such as the labellum which initially assess food quality, and the digestive tract. Growing evidence provides support that the pharyngeal sensory neurons regulate feeding, but much is still unknown. We found that a pair of gustatory receptor neurons in the LSO, a Drosophila adult pharyngeal organ which expresses four gustatory receptors, is involved in feeding inhibition in response to high concentrations of sodium ions. RNAi experiments and mutant analysis showed that the gustatory receptor Gr2a is necessary for this process. This feeding preference determined by whether a food source is perceived as appetizing or not is influenced by nutritional conditions, such that when the animal is hungry, the need for energy dominates over how appealing the food source is. Our results provide experimental evidence that factors involved in feeding function in a context-dependent manner.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.173.2-173.2
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• 2003

Vanilloid receptor I (VR1) is a nonselective cation ion channel placed in the plasma membrane of peripheral sensory neurons that is potential target for analgesia A series of N-4-substituted-benzyl-N'-tert-butylbenzyl thioureas were prepared for the study of their agonistic/antagonistic activities to the vanilloid receptor in rat DRG. Their structure-activity relationship in reveals that not only the two oxygens and amide hydrogen of sulfonamido group but also the optimal size of methyl in methanesulfonamido group play an integral role for the antagonistic activity on vanilloid receptor.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.55-60
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• 2013

The vomeronasal organ (VNO) plays an important role in reproduction and social activities in ruminants including goats. A morphological study on the structure of VNO and its epithelial cells was carried out in Korean black goats. Grossly, the VNO of Korean goats opens into mouth through incisive ducts. Microscopically, the epithelium of VNO consisted of medial sensory epithelium and lateral non-sensory epithelium. Several blood vessels and nerve bundles were observed in the lamina propria encased by vomeronasal cartilage. Immunohistochemical staining showed that protein gene product (PGP) 9.5 was immunostained in the receptor cells of the sensory epithelium and in some cells of the non-sensory epithelium. Galectin-3 was mainly observed in the supporting cells of sensory and non-sensory epithelium. Lectins including wheat germ agglutinin, Ulex europaeus agglutinin, Bandeiraea simplicifolia lectin Isolectin B4, Dolichos biflorus agglutinin and soybean agglutinin used in this study were bound in VNO sensory, non-sensory epithelia as well as in the lamina propria with varying intensity. Collectively, this is a first descriptive morphological study of VNO of Korean black goat with special reference to lectin histochemistry.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.119-126
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• 2021

Activation of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), a calcium permeable channel expressed in primary sensory neurons, induces the release of glutamate from their central and peripheral afferents during normal acute and pathological pain. However, little information is available regarding the glutamate release mechanism associated with TRPV1 activation in primary sensory neurons. To address this issue, we investigated the expression of vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT) in TRPV1-immunopositive (+) neurons in the rat trigeminal ganglion (TG) under normal and complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced inflammatory pain conditions using behavioral testing as well as double immunofluorescence staining with antisera against TRPV1 and VGLUT1 or VGLUT2. TRPV1 was primarily expressed in small and medium-sized TG neurons. TRPV1+ neurons constituted approximately 27% of all TG neurons. Among all TRPV1+ neurons, the proportion of TRPV1+ neurons coexpressing VGLUT1 (VGLUT1+/TRPV1+ neurons) and VGLUT2 (VGLUT2+/TRPV1+ neurons) was 0.4% ± 0.2% and 22.4% ± 2.8%, respectively. The proportion of TRPV1+ and VGLUT2+ neurons was higher in the CFA group than in the control group (TRPV1+ neurons: 31.5% ± 2.5% vs. 26.5% ± 1.2%, VGLUT2+ neurons: 31.8% ± 1.1% vs. 24.6% ± 1.5%, p < 0.05), whereas the proportion of VGLUT1+, VGLUT1+/TRPV1+, and VGLUT2+/TRPV1+ neurons did not differ significantly between the CFA and control groups. These findings together suggest that VGLUT2, a major isoform of VGLUTs, is involved in TRPV1 activation-associated glutamate release during normal acute and inflammatory pain.

• Interdisciplinary Bio Central
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.6.1-6.7
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• 2013

Many insects such as mosquitoes cause life-threatening diseases such as malaria, yellow fever and West Nile virus. Malaria alone infects 500 million people annually and causes 1-3 million death per year. Volatile insect repellents, which are detected through the sense of smell, have long been used to protect humans against insect pests. Antifeed-ants are non-volatile aversive compounds that are detected through the sense of taste and prevent insects from feeding on plants. The molecular targets and signaling path-ways required for sensing insect repellents and antifeedants are poorly understood. Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) Ca2+-permeable cation channels exist in organisms ranging from C. elegans to D. melanogaster and Homo sapiens. Drosophila has 13 family members, which mainly function in sensory physiology such as vision, thermotaxis and chemotaxis. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) initiate olfactory signaling cascades in mammals and in nematodes C.elegans. However, the mechanisms of G protein signaling cascades in insect chemosensation are controversial. In this review, I will discuss the putative roles of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels as targets for insect repellents.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.339.3-340
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• 2002

Capsaicin is hot taste ingredient of chili pepper and was isolated in 1876 and in 1919 its structure is sympathized compound. induces pain and when persistently dosed. the fact will bring insensible condition to other chemical and mechanical thermal stimulation by incapacitating sensory neuron is known. The analgesic effect by desensitization of such capsaicin is differ from the mechanism by analgesic action by opiate receptor of the existing analgesia or by prostaglandin mediation and the efficacy was known as similar with morphine. (omitted)